THE BLACK AWAKENING!

DEUTERONOMY 28^TH CHAPTER

AND

THE HEBREW SCRIPTURES PROVIDED HEREWITH

HOLD INDISPUTABLE EVIDENCE

THAT UNEQUIVOCALLY

MAKES A CONNECTION

WITH THE SEED OF THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL,

BLACKS TAKEN FROM AFRICA,

THE REASONS FOR THE SLAVE TRADE,

AND

INFORMATION ABOUT THE RESTORATION

OF THE SEED OF THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL

THIS BOOK ALSO BRINGS TO LIGHT

THE REASONS WHY THIS PRESENT WORLD SYSTEM

IS REPLETE WITH WICKEDNESS AND CORRUPTION

AND IS WITHOUT THE MERCIES OF THE CREATOR GOD,

THE ONE TRUE AND LIVING GOD OF THIS UNIVERSE!

“If they sin against thee, (for there is no man that sinneth not,) and thou be angry with them,

and deliver them to the enemy, so that they carry them away captives unto the land of the enemy,

far or near; Yet if they shall bethink themselves in the land whither they were carried captives, and repent,

and make supplication unto thee in the land of them that carried them captives, saying, We have sinned,

and have done perversely, we have committed wickedness;

And so return unto thee with all their heart, and with all their soul, in the land of their enemies,

which led them away captive, and pray unto thee toward their land, which thou gavest unto their fathers,

the city which thou hast chosen, and the house which I have built for thy name:

Then hear thou their prayer and their supplication in heaven thy dwelling place, and maintain their cause,

And forgive thy people that have sinned against thee,

and all their transgressions wherein they have transgressed against thee, and give them compassion

before them who carried them captive, that they may have compassion on them:

For they be thy people, and thine inheritance, which thou broughtest forth out of Egypt,

from the midst of the furnace of iron: That thine eyes may be open unto the supplication of thy servant,

and unto the supplication of thy people Israel, to hearken unto them in all that they call for unto thee.”

I Kings 8:46 – 52

SLAVERS HAD AN AGENDA, AND THEY WANTED IT PERPETUATED FOREVER!

The Christian religion the Slavers used to convert the Slaves is not working for us, and indeed,

it is not the Righteous Way of Life that the CREATOR GOD established for mankind in the BEGINNING!

THEREFORE, consider the facts in this document and discern right from wrong,

as our captors in no way wanted us to turn to the ONE True and Living GOD

and have HIM end the flow of “golden eggs” of wealth that Slaves presented to them!

See if the “New Testament” reiterates THUS SAITH THE LORD or if it has contradicted GOD’s WORD

and even changed HIS Ordinances ALTOGETHER.

“The earth also is defiled under the inhabitants thereof; because they have transgressed the laws,

changed the ordinance, broken the everlasting covenant.”

Isaiah 24:5

Slavers knew well that once their Slaves turned to the CREATOR GOD, that their reign, power, control, and wealth would come to an end. Hence, the Slave Masters needed their chattel to believe in that which is not GOD. They needed them to believe in a god that cannot save, and indeed, he has not. The Christian man-god has saved no one – not even those who invented him and certainly not the Slaves!

Black Peoples need the True SAVIOR to bring us out of this miserable captivity.

We need the same SAVIOR that DELIVERED the Children of Israel out of Egyptian bondage.

WE NEED THE CREATOR GOD TO FULFILL HIS WORD, JUST ONE LAST TIME!

“Behold, I will gather them out of all countries, whither I have driven them in mine anger,

and in my fury, and in great wrath; and I will bring them again unto this place,

and I will cause them to dwell safely:

“For thus saith the LORD; Like as I have brought all this great evil upon this people,

so will I bring upon them all the good that I have promised them.”

Jeremiah 32:37,42

“Behold, at that time I will undo all that afflict thee: and I will save her that halteth,

and gather her that was driven out; and I will get them praise and fame in every land

where they have been put to shame.

At that time will I bring you again, even in the time that I gather you:

for I will make you a name and a praise among all people of the earth,

when I turn back your captivity before your eyes, saith the LORD.”

Zephanian 3:19,20

This CREATOR GOD of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob is our only HOPE,

as ONLY HE has proven HIMSELF to be the True and Living GOD and a DELIVERER.

The Land of Israel stands Witness to credence in HIS PROMISES!

Not all Blacks are of the SEED of Jacob, but all Blacks who have suffered

have an opportunity to rise above this captivity IF we will call upon the ONE TRY SAVIOR.

“Ye are my witnesses, saith the LORD, and my servant whom I have chosen:

that ye may know and believe me, and understand that I am he:

before me there was no God formed, neither shall there be after me. I, even I, am the LORD;

and beside me there is no saviour. I have declared, and have saved, and I have shewed,

when there was no strange god among you: therefore ye are my witnesses, saith the LORD, that I am God.”

Isaiah 43:10 – 12

“Fear ye not, neither be afraid: have not I told thee from that time, and have declared it?

ye are even my witnesses. Is there a God beside me? yea, there is no God;

I know not any.”

Isaiah 44:8

CONTENTS

WHAT WOULD YOU GIVE TO LIVE IN GOD’s WAYS OF RIGHTEOUSNESS,

IN HIS PEACE, AND IN HIS HAPPINESS,

AS WELL AS

EXPERIENCE A SUCCESSFUL AND PROSPEROUS SELF-DETERMINATION?

<><><>

INTRODUCTION

Learn the Truth about the CREATOR GOD and HIS Covenant People

Enslavement and Captivity of the Black Man

DEUTERONOMY 28:15 – 68^th VERSES

Hidden Truths Not Revealed in the History Books or in the Church

Pictures and documents correlating with GOD’s WORD and the Slave Trade of the Children of Israel

THE END OF THE SLAVE TRADE BUT NOT RACE HATRED OF BLACKS

Abe Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation

Jim Crow Laws

Discrimination

Prejudice

Lynchings

THE WORD OF THE CREATOR GOD AND THE RESTORATION OF THE SEED OF JACOB (A Black Man)

SEEKING FREEDOM, RESETTLEMENT, AND REPARATIONS

Letters to President Obama and Sec. General Ban Ki-moon

THERE IS BUT ONE CREATOR GOD THAT WANTS THE GLORY AND DENOUNCES WORSHIP OF ANY OTHER GOD

THUS SAITH THE LORD to prove that the Christian religion the Slave Masters used to brainwash the Slaves is a fraud

APPENDIX

RESTORATION OF THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL AT THE MOUTH OF THE CREATOR

HISTORICAL DOCUMENTATION

THE WORLD BROUGHT TO KNOW AND TO WORSHIP THE ONE GOD OF ABRAHAM, ISAAC, AND JACOB

Yehudah ben Yaacov, President

Ham Lomotey, Vice President

Tziona Yisrael,

Executive Secretary

The LawKeepers, Co.

http://www.thelawkeepers.org

/\/\/\/\/\/\/\

"O mountains of Israel, ye shall shoot forth your branches,

and yield your fruit to my people of Israel; for they are at hand to come."

DEUTERONOMY 28^TH CHAPTER

HOLDS INDISPUTABLE EVIDENCE

THAT UNEQUIVOCALLY

MAKES A CONNECTION

WITH THE SEED OF THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL

AND

THE REASONS FOR THE SLAVE TRADE

AND

PROVIDES INFORMATION ABOUT THEIR RESTORATION

THIS BOOK ALSO BRINGS TO LIGHT

THE REASONS WHY THIS PRESENT WORLD SYSTEM

IS REPLETE WITH WICKEDNESS AND CORRUPTION

AND IS WITHOUT THE MERCIES OF THE CREATOR GOD,

THE ONE TRUE AND LIVING GOD OF THIS UNIVERSE!

“…God said moreover unto Moses,

Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel,

The LORD God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob,

hath sent me unto you:

this is my name for ever, and this is my memorial unto all generations.”

Exodus 3:15

December 2010

THE DOCUMENT THAT ENCOMPASSES THE GOD’s TRUTH

ABOUT THE SLAVE TRADE

AND HOW THIS KNOWLEDGE CAN IN FACT SET BLACKS FREE!

<><><>

“But Jeshurun waxed fat, and kicked: thou art waxen fat, thou art grown thick, thou art covered with fatness; then he forsook God which made him, and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvation. They provoked him to jealousy with strange gods, with abominations provoked they him to anger. They sacrificed unto devils, not to God;

to gods whom they knew not,

to new gods that came newly up, whom your fathers feared not.

Of the Rock that begat thee thou art unmindful, and hast forgotten God that formed thee.”

Deuteronomy 32:15 - 18

“…as for them whose heart walketh after the heart of their detestable things

and their abominations,

I will recompense their way upon their own heads, saith the Lord GOD.”

Ezekiel 11:21

“Hear this word that the LORD hath spoken against you, O children of Israel, against the whole family which I brought up from the land of Egypt, saying,

You only have I known of all the families of the earth:

therefore I will punish you for all your iniquities.”

Amos 3:1,2

“I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day,

that ye shall soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over Jordan to possess it;

ye shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall utterly be destroyed.

And the LORD shall scatter you among the nations,

and ye shall be left few in number among the heathen, whither the LORD shall lead you.

And there ye shall serve gods, the work of men's hands, wood and stone,

which neither see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell.”

Deuteronomy 4:26 - 28

“But it shall come to pass, if thou wilt not hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God,

to observe to do all his commandments and his statutes which I command thee this day;

that all these curses shall come upon thee, and overtake thee:”

Deuteronomy 28:15

“O that thou hadst hearkened to my commandments! then had thy peace been as a river,

and thy righteousness as the waves of the sea: Thy seed also had been as the sand,

and the offspring of thy bowels like the gravel thereof;

his name should not have been cut off nor destroyed from before me.”

Isaiah 48:18,19

“But I was like a lamb or an ox that is brought to the slaughter;

and I knew not that they had devised devices against me, saying,

Let us destroy the tree with the fruit thereof,

and let us cut him off from the land of the living,

that his name may be no more remembered.”

Jeremiah 11:19

From the title page to abolitionist Anthony Benezet's book

Some Historical Account of Guinea, London, 1788

Slavery is a social-economic system under which certain persons — known as slaves — are deprived of personal freedom and compelled to perform labour or services. The term also refers to the status or condition of those persons who are treated as the property of another person or household. This is referred to as "chattel slavery".

Slaves are held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase, or birth, and are deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to receive compensation in return for their labour. As such, slavery is one form of unfree labour. Wikipedia: slavery

*****

Slave Trade From Africa to the Americas (Slavery in America, an educator's site made possible by New York Life) (17)

Slave trade routes from Africa to the Americas during the period 1650-1860 are shown. There were additional routes to the New World from  Mozambique, Zanzibar and Madagascar on the east side of Africa. Most of the slaves from the east side were brought to Portuguese controlled Salvador in the state of Bahia, Brazil, along with many other slaves from Angola. Brazil received more slaves from Africa than any other country in the New World. The 500,000 African slaves sent to America represents 10% of the number sent to Brazil, and 11% of the number sent to the West Indies. According to the estimates of Hugh Thomas (12), a total of 11,128,000 African slaves were delivered live to the New World, including 500,000 to British North America; therefore, only 4.5% of the total African slaves delivered to the New World were delivered to British North America. Also from Hugh Thomas, the major sources of the 13 million slaves departing from Africa (see slave ports map, above) were Congo/Angola (3 million), Gold Coast (1.5 million), Slave Coast (2 million), Benin to Calabar* (2 million), and Mozambique/Madagascar on the east coast of Africa (1 million).

*Benin refers to the historic Kingdom of Benin (not to be confused with today's country of Benin), in Nigeria just below the Slave Coast. Calabar is farther down the coast of Nigeria, close to the border with Cameroon, on the Bight of Biafra in the Gulf of Guinea (see Nigeria today map, below).

Slave ports in West Africa in 1750 are shown, identifying those held by the British, French, Dutch, Portuguese, and Danish. Gorée Island, the slave trading port opposite Dakar, Senegal, is only three kilometers from the coast and cannot be seen on this map. In addition to these ports were slave trading locations on the east side of Africa, at Mozambique, Zanzibar, and Madagascar.

maps of Africa and the slave trade

www.slaverysite.com/Body/maps.htm

*****

Introductory Maps

Source: David Eltis and David Richardson, Atlas of the Transatlantic Slave Trade (New Haven, 2010), reproduced with the permission of Yale University Press. For permission to reuse these images, contact Yale University Press.

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Map 1: Overview of the slave trade out of Africa, 1500-1900

Captive Africans followed many routes from their homelands to other parts of the world. The map shows the trans-Atlantic movement of these captives in comparative perspective for the centuries since 1500 only. Estimates of the ocean-borne trade are more robust than are those for the trans-Saharan, Red Sea and Persian Gulf routes, but it is thought that for the period from the end of the Roman Empire to 1900 about the same number of captives crossed the Atlantic as left Africa by all other routes combined.

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Map 2: Migration of sugar cultivation from Asia into the Atlantic

Sugar cultivation began in the Pacific in the pre-Christian era and gradually spread to the eastern Mediterranean, the Gulf of Guinea, then to Brazil, before entering the Caribbean in the mid-seventeenth century. Eighty percent of all captives carried from Africa were taken to sugar-growing areas.

Map 3: Old World slave trade routes in the Atlantic before 1759

Before the Atlantic slave trade began and for two centuries thereafter, some African captives were taken to Europe as well as to the Atlantic islands and between African ports. It is hard to get precise estimates of these flows, but they were certainly much smaller than the trans-Atlantic traffic. Many of the captives involved in this traffic were subsequently carried to sugar plantations in the Old World.

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Map 4: Wind and ocean currents of the Atlantic basins

In the age of sail, winds and ocean currents shaped the direction of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, effectively creating two separate slave-trading systems – one in the north with voyages originating in Europe and North America, the other in the south with voyages originating in Brazil.

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Map 5: Major regions and ports involved in the trans-Atlantic slave trade, all years

Few commercial centers in the Atlantic world were untouched by the slave trade, and all the major ports had strong connections with the traffic.

Map 6: Countries and regions in the Atlantic World where slave voyages were organized, by share of captives carried off from Africa

Slave voyages were organized and left from all major Atlantic ports at some point over the nearly four centuries of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Nevertheless, vessels from the largest seven ports, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Liverpool, London, Nantes, Bristol, and Pernambuco carried off almost three-quarters of all captives removed from Africa via the Atlantic Ocean. There was a major shift in the organization of slaving voyages first from the Iberian peninsular to Northern Europe, and then later back again to ports in southern Europe. A similar, but less pronounced shift may be observed in the Americas from South to North and then back again.

Total documented embarkations: 8,973,701 captives

Percent of estimated embarkations: 72.1%

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Map 7: Major coastal regions from which captives left Africa, all years

The limits of the regions shown here are “Senegambia,” anywhere north of the Rio Nunez. Sierra Leone region comprises the Rio Nunez to just short of Cape Mount. The Windward Coast is defined as Cape Mount south-east to and including the Assini river. The Gold Coast runs east of here up to and including the Volta River. Bight of Benin covers the Rio Volta to Rio Nun, and the Bight of Biafra, east of the Nun to Cape Lopez inclusive. West-central Africa is defined as the rest of the western coast of the continent south of this point, and south-eastern Africa anywhere from and to the north and east of the Cape of Good Hope. West-Central Africa was the largest regional departure point for captives through most the slave trade era. Regions closer to the Americas and Europe generated a relatively small share of the total carried across the Atlantic. Voyage length was determined as much by wind and ocean currents shown in Map 4 as by relative proximity of ports of embarkation and disembarkation.

Total documented embarkations: 7,878,500 captives

Percent of estimated embarkations: 63.3%

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Map 8: Major regions where captives disembarked, all years

The Caribbean and South America received 95 percent of the slaves arriving in the Americas. Some captives disembarked in Africa rather than the Americas because their trans-Atlantic voyage was diverted as a result of a slave rebellion or, during the era of suppression, because of capture by patrolling naval cruisers. Less than 4 percent disembarked in North America, and only just over 10,000 in Europe.

Total documented embarkations: 9,371,001 captives

Percent of estimated embarkations: 88.5%

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Map 9: Volume and direction of the trans-Atlantic slave trade from all African to all American regions

This map summarizes and combines the many different paths by which captives left Africa and reached the Americas. While there were strong connections between particular embarkation and disembarkation regions, it was also the case that captives from any of the major regions of Africa could disembark in almost any of the major regions of the Americas. Even captives leaving Southeast Africa, the region most remote from the Americas, could disembark in mainland North America, as well as the Caribbean and South America. The data in this map are based on estimates of the total slave trade rather than documented departures and arrivals.

LINK: www.slavevoyages.org/tast/assessment/intro-maps.faces

ENSLAVEMENT, i.e., depriving a human being of his/her freedom and liberty to self-determination and of the right to live one’s own culture and worship one’s own GOD, is the worst bondage recorded in the annals of history. This horrific and dreadful and heinous Holocaust involved Blacks out of Africa and their offspring who for over 300 years were Slaves to very much demanding White peoples and were denied their HUMAN RIGHTS. Today their descendants are yet in captivity because they have not been given their FREEDOM and restitution for RESETTLEMENT. This document confirms and verifies that many of these accursed Blacks are surprisingly anybody but whom we might have thought they were.

Three slaves in chains

Given all that has happened to Blacks who endured the SLAVE TRADE, the last thing one would believe today is that GOD’s Covenant and Chosen People were numbered among these Slaves taken from the continent of Africa. Yet, this is the absolute GOD’s TRUTH proved with HIS WORD at the mouth of HIS Servant and Prophet Moses.

As you read the following pages, pay close attention to GOD’s curses upon the Black man: Israelites from the seed of Shem, as well as Ham, both children of Noah, are the people who live in gross darkness and despair for turning to false gods after GOD had done so wonderfully by them. Both groups were cursed for their widespread worship of false gods. But the Israelite’s worship of the gods of the heathen, even false gods of their own, and disobedience to GOD’s Book of the Law and HIS Paths of Righteousness resulted in consequences that have lasted for well over 2,500 years, even since the days of Ezra and Nehemiah. Thus, GOD’s Covenant People and Ham are the tail, and their enemies the head either rule over them or have left them a destitute peoples living in impoverishment and squalor resulting from GOD’s curse - the Slave Trade.

“And I will walk among you, and will be your God, and ye shall be my people. I am the LORD your God, which brought you forth out of the land of Egypt, that ye should not be their bondmen; and I have broken the bands of your yoke, and made you go upright. But if ye will not hearken unto me, and will not do all these commandments; And if ye shall despise my statutes, or if your soul abhor my judgments, so that ye will not do all my commandments, but that ye break my covenant:” Leviticus 26:12 – 15

“And I will set my face against you, and ye shall be slain before your enemies: they that hate you shall reign over you; and ye shall flee when none pursueth you.And if ye will not yet for all this hearken unto me, then I will punish you seven times more for your sins.

“And if ye walk contrary unto me, and will not hearken unto me; I will bring seven times more plagues upon you according to your sins.” Leviticus 26:17,18,21

“And I will scatter you among the heathen, and will draw out a sword after you: and your land shall be desolate, and your cities waste. Then shall the land enjoy her sabbaths, as long as it lieth desolate, and ye be in your enemies' land; even then shall the land rest, and enjoy her sabbaths.” Leviticus 26:33,34

If the GOD of Israel said HE would cast the Children of Israel from their Land of Israel and would scatter them among the heathen for their sins, then we well know the mindset of the peoples whose control we are now under and the status of this world order and its societies in which we have been placed to survive for the great sins of our forefathers.

“Son of man, thy brethren, even thy brethren, the men of thy kindred, and all the house of Israel wholly, are they unto whom the inhabitants of Jerusalem have said, Get you far from the LORD: unto us is this land given in possession.” Ezekiel 11:15

“And I will bring you out of the midst thereof, and deliver you into the hands of strangers, and will execute judgments among you. Ye shall fall by the sword; I will judge you in the border of Israel; and ye shall know that I am the LORD. This city shall not be your caldron, neither shall ye be the flesh in the midst thereof; but I will judge you in the border of Israel: And ye shall know that I am the LORD: for ye have not walked in my statutes, neither executed my judgments, but have done after the manners of the heathen that are round about you.” Ezekiel 11:9 - 12

“The good man is perished out of the earth: and there is none upright among men: they all lie in wait for blood; they hunt every man his brother with a net. That they may do evil with both hands earnestly, the prince asketh, and the judge asketh for a reward; and the great man, he uttereth his mischievous desire: so they wrap it up. The best of them is as a brier: the most upright is sharper than a thorn hedge: the day of thy watchmen and thy visitation cometh; now shall be their perplexity.” Micah 7:2 - 4

And as we now well understand, in a “word” this life could only be described as “Hell”, not just for descendents of Slaves but for the powers-that-be, as well. Thus, we know now why this world is in turmoil and peril and savage despair and death and destruction. Our enslavement, captivity, and oppression has been more than we can bear!

“Thy substance and thy treasures will I give to the spoil without price, and that for all thy sins, even in all thy borders. And I will make thee to pass with thine enemies into a land which thou knowest not: for a fire is kindled in mine anger, which shall burn upon you.” Jeremiah 15:13,14

“The sin of Judah is written with a pen of iron, and with the point of a diamond: it is graven upon the table of their heart, and upon the horns of your altars; Whilst their children remember their altars and their groves by the green trees upon the high hills. O my mountain in the field, I will give thy substance and all thy treasures to the spoil, and thy high places for sin, throughout all thy borders. And thou, even thyself, shalt discontinue from thine heritage that I gave thee; and I will cause thee to serve thine enemies in the land which thou knowest not: for ye have kindled a fire in mine anger, which shall burn for ever.” Jeremiah 17:1 - 4

And given the Slave Route out of Africa, the CREATOR GOD did exactly what HE Sid HE would!

“And they shall fall one upon another, as it were before a sword, when none pursueth: and ye shall have no power to stand before your enemies. And ye shall perish among the heathen, and the land of your enemies shall eat you up. And they that are left of you shall pine away in their iniquity in your enemies' lands; and also in the iniquities of their fathers shall they pine away with them.” Leviticus 26:37 – 39

“They have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God; they have provoked me to anger with their vanities: and I will move them to jealousy with those which are not a people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.

“I will heap mischiefs upon them; I will spend mine arrows upon them.

“I said, I would scatter them into corners, I would make the remembrance of them to cease from among men:

“O that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would consider their latter end!” Deuteronomy 32:21,23,26,29

The Black man’s “latter end” of which Deuteronomy 28^th Chapter writes, entails a harsh and bleak lifestyle of brutal servitude for Black Peoples. This servitude started with gross deception by the powers-that-be and naiveté on the part of Blacks out of Africa that have lasted since the fifteenth century as told by some sources. But how can people be so duped and for so long? Surely, this pain, suffering, and affliction are all an ACT OF THE CREATOR GOD, after all, the CREATOR GOD is ALL MIGHTY; HE can cause things to happen, and HE can also prevent them from occurring! But this CREATOR GOD did nothing to save the victims of the Slave Trade. So, let’s look at another angle in order to see if we can understand what exactly happened to cause this world-wide bondage of Black peoples that enriched the welfare and prosperity of White peoples around the world.

Because of the CREATOR GOD’s Jealousy of the worship of all manner of gods other than HIMSELF, this horrific Slave Trade manifest, as well as a world of unhappiness and grief even among the White rich and famous who grew wealthy off the backs of Slaves.

How could Blacks have so wholeheartedly accepted the religion of the White man – welcoming this unfounded and unproved religion called Christianity with its belief in a “man”, nonetheless, rather than putting all hope and trust in the CREATOR? How could Blacks believe that the people who treated them with such disdain and insane cruelty without remorse or guilt would reveal to them a “man-god” who would take them out of their enslavement and end the free labor and wealth these people were amassing off their blood, sweat, and tears? The White man had a golden egg, and he was not about to give it up, as all will see from well documented Biblical and historical accounts. These Blacks should have known that after being brainwashed to abandon their ethnicity and all knowledge of self for generations at the hands of ruthless Slavers and Christian missionaries who promised them a salvation that, unto this day, has eluded them, that there was no truth or goodness in their Slave Masters, their Christian religion, or in their justice system. As they accepted and believed in this “man-god”, they continued to see the rape of their daughters and wives, watch their children be sold to other Slavers, endless separation of families, husbands going to one plantation and wives to another, and no answers to their prayers that would cause the daily heartache and sorrow their Masters and Mistresses laid upon them to cease.

How can people, especially Blacks, be duped by the White man and his religion for so long? Let’s read and see if we can use Biblical history and man’s history to determine how all this madness came about.

“I, even I, am the LORD; and beside me there is no saviour.”

Isaiah 43:11

Already we can see a conflict with the White man’s “man-god”!

Some say that the European “Jews” who usurped the identity of the Israelites were the “Mother of All Slavers”. If these Whites were to maintain this Jewish identity, then by all means they had to hide all evidence of the Black Hebrew Israelites being the true Children of Israel, and the best way to do that was to enslave them “forever”, which is exactly what they had attempted to do.

Slavery was essential to the New World mission of wealth building and therefore became the most lucrative enterprise of the times – nothing moved without Black labor. The 1661 letter from the newly explored colony in Venezuela is our best insight:

Negroes are required here…Do not regard this otherwise than it is written or as

Anything but the honest truth, without exaggeration of hypocrisy and upon which

You may rely.

Jews, as an elementary fact, participated in the process by which millions of African citizens were enslaved and murdered. Jewish wealth and freedom established, they set their sights to the north.

…The Jews…were of the mercantile class with an entrepreneurial tradition and a worldwide network of commercial relationships. The majority of these Jews were by no means poor and destitute “huddled masses,” but instead were highly skilled and savvy businessmen whose wealth on arrival far surpassed that of many other immigrants. “As almost all the early Jewish settlers in America belonged to the wealthy classes,” writes historian Peter Wiernik, “it was natural for them to accept the institution of slavery as they found it, and to derive as much benefit from it as other affluent men.”

The earliest Jewish settlements were established in Newport, Rhode Island and New York where there were numerous Jewish slave holders long before and right through the American Revolution. Jews adapted to the business climate of colonial North America and operated with the same skill they had demonstrated in the island regions to the south and accepted Black slavery without question. In the North before 1800 and in the South all through the colonial period, slaves were stocked as commodities by Jewish merchants. Countless thousands of Africans were brought here in colonial times as slaves by Jewish merchant-shippers and in the South, Jews began to enter the planter class in substantial numbers.

The New York- and Newport-area Jews had established a highly efficient trans-Atlantic shipping operation. Jews who settled in North Africa with access into the African mainland arranged with African tribal traitors for the transport of Blacks to the Atlantic coast for sale to the New World merchant-shippers…Jewish historian Henry L. Feingold, in a fit of understatement, put it this way: “The traffic in human beings by the Portuguese, Dutch, French and English was an essential ingredient of the early capital formation necessary for the development of the capitalist system, and Jews who were frequently found at the heart of commerce could not have failed to contribute to the []slave] trade directly or indirectly.

It should be made very plain at this point that even until the Civil War era, Jews as a community never interfered with the practice of slavery or registered any reservation about its dehumanizing effects. When some colonies had proposed high tariffs on the importation of slaves, intending to discourage the slave trade, Jewish merchants, Joseph Marks, Samson Levy and David Franks protested, for they “were among those who wished to see the traffic continue.” pp. 88 - 90

The above passages, as well as the following were taken from The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, published by The Nation of Islam but documented almost entirely by White Jews.

A Jew Teaches Slave Religion

Once slavery was introduced into the colony it became essential to condition the Africans to the requirements of being slaves. The case of Joseph Ottolenghe, a Jewish resident of Georgia, provides explicit evidence of the use of Christianity to pacify and subdue the Black African…. pp. 133

Aaron Hirsch (1829-1911) was a French Jew who settled in New Orleans and later became a resident of Mississippi and Arkansas. He was a strong Confederate who expressed the Jewish sentiment of his time when in the 1860s he stated that:

the institution of slavery as it existed in the south was not so great a wrong as

people believe. The Negroes were brought here in a savage state; they captured

and ate each other in their African home. Here they were instructed to work,

were civilized and got religion, and were perfectly happy.

Hirsch spoke in favor of slavery because the plantation owners were his customers. He owned slaves and boutht and sold them in his Batesville, Arkansas business, Hirsch & Adler. During the Civil War he bought six Blacks and later exchanged them for a farm. He was against the proposal to free the slaves who had fought for the Confederacy, reason that the war was fought to keep them enslaved. pp. 247

Eugene Henry Levy of New Orleans was an official in the Confederate Army who said: “The slaves are in their proper sphere as they are at present situated within the boundaries of the Confederacy.” The day before General Robert E. Lee surrendered, Levy was captured and soon released. He made his post Civil War sentiments known when he declared that, “Negroes are among the masters and have the inclination to be tyrants. The extermination of this race is a necessary consequence of this state of affairs.” pp. 258, 259

Samuel Maas of Charleston, according to Professor Marcus, took

only four weeks to be convinced that blacks had to be watched, disciplined, and, if necessary ruthlessly punished. Slavery he agreed, was a sound institution; the Southern economy was built on black labor. The black made an ideal workhand, for only he, stemming from the torrid African lands, could tolerate the humidity, intense heat, and backbreaking laor of the Carolina lowlands. Undoubtedly, Maas was influenced in his views by his uncle and by the luxury of the well-appointed home with its massive silver service and numerous, obsequious slaves ready to respond to his slightest nod – all this impressed Maas mightily.

pp. 269,270

Rabbi Morris Jacob Raphall of Congregation B’nai Jeshurun in New York was America’s most prominent rabbi. He gave a sermon on January 4, 1861 which was used extensively by Jews and Christians in their defense of slavery. Raphall said, in part:

…it remains a fact which cannot be gainsaid that in his own native home, and

Generally throughout the world, the unfortunate negro is indeed the meanest of slaves. Much had been said respecting the inferiority of his intellectual powers, and that no man of his race has ever inscribed his name on the Parthenon of human excellence, either mental or moral. pp. 293

Jacob Rodriguez Rivera (1717-1789) was the president of the Newport, Rhode Island’s Congregation Jeshuah Israel in 1760, notorious African slave dealer and was considered to be the second wealthiest Jew behind his son-in-law Aaron Lopez. His diverse connections included work with the Monsantos of New Orleans as well as with Samuel Moses and Isaac, Elizer to outfit slave ships with leg irons and handcuffs and other hardware of bondage. At his home he had twelve slaves serving six people. pp. 293,294

Philip Sartorius (1830-1913); Between 1853 and 1857 he owned several slaves. He once joined a posse of slave hunters in pursuit of a dozen Africans who had run from the Jeffries plantation in Jefferson county. When they found the Blacks the 12 bloodhounds severely attacked them. Sartorius claimed to be repulsed by the sight. Pp. 295

David G. Seixas and partner Benjamin S. Spitzer owned three slaves; “a woman who cooked their meals and kept house for them, and two males who worked in their store.” Seixas is reported to have smuggled Africans into the United States after the government ban on the importations of slaves. pp. 297

Eleanor Cohen Seixas, the daughter of Philip Melvin Cohen of Charleston wrote in a diary about her resentment of the abolition of slavery:

I believe deeply in the institution of slavery (and) regret deeply its being abolished. I am accustomed to have them wait on me, and I dislike white servants very much. pp. 297

Isaac Mayer Wise; The leader of the American Reform Movement viewed Blacks as “representing all that is debased and inferior in the hopeless barbarity and heathenism of six thousand years.” He also said that “The Negro was never free; and his bondage in Africa was simply duplicated in a milder form when he was imported here.” He considered abolitionists to be “fanatics,” “demagogues” and “demons of hatred and destruction,”

…and habitual revolutionaries, who feed on excitement and delight in civil wars, German atheism coupled with American Puritanism who know of no limits to their fanaticism, visionary philanthropists and wicked preachers who have that religion which is most suitable to the congregations.

Wise’s biographer, James G. Heller, said of his subject, “Clearly the Abolitionists…were men whom he would detest and of whom he would disapprove with all the force of his soul. In his opinion they degraded religion, used it as a tool, and proved themselves unscrupulous and intemperate.” “Christian clergymen are the most violent abolitionists,” charged Rabbi Wise, and further accused Protestant priests of causing Jefferson Davis’ rebellion. “The whole host of priests would rather see this country crushed and crippled than discard their fanaticism or give up the political influence.”

“Do you think the Israelites of the South must be your white slaves,” he asked, “as you in your naturalization laws treat the foreigner, placing him below the negro?” The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, Volume One by The Nation of Islam pp. 307,308

*****

As you continue to read this document, be aware that the wealth of the White Jews in no way correlates or identifies them with the horrors of the curses of THE SLAVE TRADE prophesied in Deuteronomy 28^th Chapter that the CREATOR GOD of Israel put upon HIS People for forsaking HIM and for rejecting HIS Ways of Righteousness.

Now, see how each verse that follows can only identity the Children of Israel as being a Black Nation. And more importantly, see that from these Hebrew Scriptures that the people who are so cursed endured the Black Holocaust, i.e., the Slave Trade. Nevertheless, not all Blacks are of the SEED of Jacob, the father of the Twelve Tribes of Israel. And those who are not are of the SEED of Ham and of the Canaanites who populated what is called “Africa” and Israel (the Land of Canaan).

Keep in mind that the reason the GOD of Israel cursed HIS Chosen people into captivity and into exile throughout the world was because they rejected HIM and HIS LAW and worshipped false gods:

“Speak unto the children of Israel, and bid them that they make them fringes in the borders of their garments throughout their generations, and that they put upon the fringe of the borders a ribband of blue: And it shall be unto you for a fringe, that ye may look upon it, and remember all the commandments of the LORD, and do them; and that ye seek not after your own heart and your own eyes, after which ye use to go a whoring: That ye may remember, and do all my commandments, and be holy unto your God. I am the LORD your God, which brought you out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: I am the LORD your God.” Numbers 15:38 – 41

“And thou shalt remember all the way which the LORD thy God led thee these forty years in the wilderness, to humble thee, and to prove thee, to know what was in thine heart, whether thou wouldest keep his commandments, or no. And he humbled thee, and suffered thee to hunger, and fed thee with manna, which thou knewest not, neither did thy fathers know; that he might make thee know that man doth not live by bread only, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of the LORD doth man live.

Beware that thou forget not the LORD thy God, in not keeping his commandments, and his judgments, and his statutes, which I command thee this day:” Deuteronomy 8:2,3,10,11

“Ye shall not do after all the things that we do here this day, every man whatsoever is right in his own eyes.” Deuteronomy 12:8

“But thou shalt remember the LORD thy God: for it is he that giveth thee power to get wealth, that he may establish his covenant which he sware unto thy fathers, as it is this day. And it shall be, if thou do at all forget the LORD thy God, and walk after other gods, and serve them, and worship them, I testify against you this day that ye shall surely perish. As the nations which the LORD destroyeth before your face, so shall ye perish; because ye would not be obedient unto the voice of the LORD your God.” Deuteronomy 8:18 - 20

“Take heed to yourselves, that your heart be not deceived, and ye turn aside, and serve other gods, and worship them; And then the LORD'S wrath be kindled against you, and he shut up the heaven, that there be no rain, and that the land yield not her fruit; and lest ye perish quickly from off the good land which the LORD giveth you.” Deuteronomy 11:16,17

“And ye have seen their abominations, and their idols, wood and stone, silver and gold, which were among them:) Lest there should be among you man, or woman, or family, or tribe, whose heart turneth away this day from the LORD our God, to go and serve the gods of these nations; lest there should be among you a root that beareth gall and wormwood; And it come to pass, when he heareth the words of this curse, that he bless himself in his heart, saying, I shall have peace, though I walk in the imagination of mine heart, to add drunkenness to thirst: The LORD will not spare him, but then the anger of the LORD and his jealousy shall smoke against that man, and all the curses that are written in this book shall lie upon him, and the LORD shall blot out his name from under heaven. And the LORD shall separate him unto evil out of all the tribes of Israel, according to all the curses of the covenant that are written in this book of the law: So that the generation to come of your children that shall rise up after you, and the stranger that shall come from a far land, shall say, when they see the plagues of that land, and the sicknesses which the LORD hath laid upon it; And that the whole land thereof is brimstone, and salt, and burning, that it is not sown, nor beareth, nor any grass groweth therein, like the overthrow of Sodom, and Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboim, which the LORD overthrew in his anger, and in his wrath: Even all nations shall say, Wherefore hath the LORD done thus unto this land? what meaneth the heat of this great anger? Then men shall say, Because they have forsaken the covenant of the LORD God of their fathers, which he made with them when he brought them forth out of the land of Egypt: For they went and served other gods, and worshipped them, gods whom they knew not, and whom he had not given unto them:” Deuteronomy 29:17 – 26

“And the LORD rooted them out of their land in anger, and in wrath, and in great indignation, and cast them into another land, as it is this day.” Deuteronomy 29:28

“For they are a nation void of counsel, neither is there any understanding in them. O that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would consider their latter end!” Deuteronomy 32:28,29

Few people will admit that those of us who are descendants of Slaves worship the god of our captors, and by the same token they know that this Christian god did nothing to save them out of this cruel and demeaning enslavement and not out of the racism, impoverishment, and daily troubles that ail Black peoples in captivity. We can read GOD’s WORD on this HIS Judgment as well.

THE EVIDENCE IS OVERWHELMING!

THE BIBLICAL ISRAELITES WERE BLACK!

Few people know that because of the sins of the Children of Israel, Ten Tribes of Israel were taken into captivity by the Assyrians and are “beyond Damascus”, and the GOD of Israel has not allowed them to return unto this day.

“And the children of Israel did secretly those things that were not right against the LORD their God, and they built them high places in all their cities, from the tower of the watchmen to the fenced city.

“In the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria, and carried Israel away into Assyria, and placed them in Halah and in Habor by the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes.” II Kings 17:6

“And they set them up images and groves in every high hill, and under every green tree: And there they burnt incense in all the high places, as did the heathen whom the LORD carried away before them; and wrought wicked things to provoke the LORD to anger: For they served idols, whereof the LORD had said unto them, Ye shall not do this thing. Yet the LORD testified against Israel, and against Judah, by all the prophets, and by all the seers, saying, Turn ye from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets. Notwithstanding they would not hear, but hardened their necks, like to the neck of their fathers, that did not believe in the LORD their God. And they rejected his statutes, and his covenant that he made with their fathers, and his testimonies which he testified against them; and they followed vanity, and became vain, and went after the heathen that were round about them, concerning whom the LORD had charged them, that they should not do like them. And they left all the commandments of the LORD their God, and made them molten images, even two calves, and made a grove, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served Baal. And they caused their sons and their daughters to pass through the fire, and used divination and enchantments, and sold themselves to do evil in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger.” II Kings 17:9 - 17

“Therefore the LORD was very angry with Israel, and removed them out of his sight: there was none left but the tribe of Judah only.” II Kings 17:18

“Have ye offered unto me sacrifices and offerings in the wilderness forty years, O house of Israel? But ye have borne the tabernacle of your Moloch and Chiun your images, the star of your god, which ye made to yourselves. Therefore will I cause you to go into captivity beyond Damascus, saith the LORD, whose name is The God of hosts.” Amos 5:25 – 27

This is just another reason why the Europeans who usurped the Land of Israel cannot be the SEED of the Biblical Israelites.

The Tribe of Judah (and Remnants of the other Tribes) learned nothing from GOD’s HAND in casting out the Ten Tribes for their transgressions. It was the Babylonians who took Judah to their land and held them captive for seventy (70) years, and afterwards (as it was prophesied) the GOD of Israel would allow them to return to the Land of Israel.

“The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the Jews which dwell in the land of Egypt, which dwell at Migdol, and at Tahpanhes, and at Noph, and in the country of Pathros, saying, Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Ye have seen all the evil that I have brought upon Jerusalem, and upon all the cities of Judah; and, behold, this day they are a desolation, and no man dwelleth therein, Because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke me to anger, in that they went to burn incense, and to serve other gods, whom they knew not, neither they, ye, nor your fathers. Howbeit I sent unto you all my servants the prophets, rising early and sending them, saying, Oh, do not this abominable thing that I hate. But they hearkened not, nor inclined their ear to turn from their wickedness, to burn no incense unto other gods. Wherefore my fury and mine anger was poured forth, and was kindled in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem; and they are wasted and desolate, as at this day. Therefore now thus saith the LORD, the God of hosts, the God of Israel; Wherefore commit ye this great evil against your souls, to cut off from you man and woman, child and suckling, out of Judah, to leave you none to remain; In that ye provoke me unto wrath with the works of your hands, burning incense unto other gods in the land of Egypt, whither ye be gone to dwell, that ye might cut yourselves off, and that ye might be a curse and a reproach among all the nations of the earth?” Jeremiah 44:1 - 8

“The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the people of Judah in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah, that was the first year of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon; The which Jeremiah the prophet spake unto all the people of Judah, and to all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying, From the thirteenth year of Josiah the son of Amon king of Judah, even unto this day, that is the three and twentieth year, the word of the LORD hath come unto me, and I have spoken unto you, rising early and speaking; but ye have not hearkened. And the LORD hath sent unto you all his servants the prophets, rising early and sending them; but ye have not hearkened, nor inclined your ear to hear. They said, Turn ye again now every one from his evil way, and from the evil of your doings, and dwell in the land that the LORD hath given unto you and to your fathers for ever and ever: And go not after other gods to serve them, and to worship them, and provoke me not to anger with the works of your hands; and I will do you no hurt. Yet ye have not hearkened unto me, saith the LORD; that ye might provoke me to anger with the works of your hands to your own hurt. Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts; Because ye have not heard my words, Behold, I will send and take all the families of the north, saith the LORD, and Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, my servant, and will bring them against this land, and against the inhabitants thereof, and against all these nations round about, and will utterly destroy them, and make them an astonishment, and an hissing, and perpetual desolations. Moreover I will take from them the voice of mirth, and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom, and the voice of the bride, the sound of the millstones, and the light of the candle. And this whole land shall be a desolation, and an astonishment; and these nations shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years.” Jeremiah 25:1 - 8

Unfortunately, upon their return back into the Land of Israel, the Judahites still would not serve and worship only the GOD of Israel, serve HIM, and walk in HIS Paths of Righteousness, and consequently, they, too were scattered from HIS Land.

On many occasions the Judahites fled into Egypt out of fear of the Babylonians, out of fear of their brothers, and even out of fear of fighting and/or famine in the Land of Israel. Ultimately, when the Grecians (White “Jews”) took control of GOD’s Land, after the days of Ezra and Nehemiah, the Judahites that were left made their final escape into Egypt.

“I will also gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley of Jehoshaphat, and will plead with them there for my people and for my heritage Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations, and parted my land.

“And they have cast lots for my people; and have given a boy for an harlot, and sold a girl for wine, that they might drink.

“The children also of Judah and the children of Jerusalem have ye sold unto the Grecians, that ye might remove them far from their border.” Joel 3:2,3,6

Many of these Israelites who fled into Egypt could not remain due to constant warring of the peoples of Ham, and they continued on seeking refuge in other areas in “Africa”. Eventually, at the time of the Slave Trade and in order that GOD’s WORD would be fulfilled in Deuteronomy 28^th Chapter, the Israelites who dwelt in “Africa” were also captured and shackled and taken naked bearing yokes upon their necks aboard Slave Ships. Men, women, and children suffered the Slave Trade all because of disobedience to their GOD of Israel.

“For the people turneth not unto him that smiteth them, neither do they seek the LORD of hosts. Therefore the LORD will cut off from Israel head and tail, branch and rush, in one day.” Isaiah 9:13,14

“In vain have I smitten your children; they received no correction: your own sword hath devoured your prophets, like a destroying lion. O generation, see ye the word of the LORD. Have I been a wilderness unto Israel? a land of darkness? wherefore say my people, We are lords; we will come no more unto thee? Can a maid forget her ornaments, or a bride her attire? yet my people have forgotten me days without number.” Jeremiah 2:30 - 32

“Then said the LORD unto me, Though Moses and Samuel stood before me, yet my mind could not be toward this people: cast them out of my sight, and let them go forth. And it shall come to pass, if they say unto thee, Whither shall we go forth? then thou shalt tell them, Thus saith the LORD; Such as are for death, to death; and such as are for the sword, to the sword; and such as are for the famine, to the famine; and such as are for the captivity, to the captivity. And I will appoint over them four kinds, saith the LORD: the sword to slay, and the dogs to tear, and the fowls of the heaven, and the beasts of the earth, to devour and destroy. And I will cause them to be removed into all kingdoms of the earth, because of Manasseh the son of Hezekiah king of Judah, for thatwhich he did in Jerusalem. For who shall have pity upon thee, O Jerusalem? or who shall bemoan thee? or who shall go aside to ask how thou doest? Thou hast forsaken me, saith the LORD, thou art gone backward: therefore will I stretch out my hand against thee, and destroy thee; I am weary with repenting. And I will fan them with a fan in the gates of the land; I will bereave them of children, I will destroy my people, since they return not from their ways.” Jeremiah 15:1 – 7

“Because my people hath forgotten me, they have burned incense to vanity, and they have caused them to stumble in their ways from the ancient paths, to walk in paths, in a way not cast up; To make their land desolate, and a perpetual hissing; every one that passeth thereby shall be astonished, and wag his head. I will scatter them as with an east wind before the enemy; I will shew them the back, and not the face, in the day of their calamity.” Jeremiah 18:15 - 17

LEARN THE TRUTH ABOUT THE PEOPLE OF THE SLAVE TRADE

AND THE PROPHECY BY GOD’s SERVANT AND PROPHET MOSES

CONCERNING THEM

AS WELL, LEARN ABOUT THE DESOLATION

OF GOD’s HOLY LAND,

HIS HOLY CITY, AND HIS HOLY TEMPLE

JERUSALEM

“But if ye shall at all turn from following me, ye or your children,

and will not keep my commandments and my statutes which I have set before you,

but go and serve other gods, and worship them:

Then will I cut off Israel out of the land which I have given them; and this house,

which I have hallowed for my name, will I cast out of my sight;

and Israel shall be a proverb and a byword among all people: And at this house,

which is high, every one that passeth by it shall be astonished, and shall hiss;

and they shall say, Why hath the LORD done thus unto this land, and to this house?

And they shall answer, Because they forsook the LORD their God,

who brought forth their fathers out of the land of Egypt, and have taken hold upon other gods,

and have worshipped them, and served them:

therefore hath the LORD brought upon them all this evil.”

I Kings 9:6 – 9

“But where are thy gods that thou hast made thee?

let them arise, if they can save thee in the time of thy trouble:

for according to the number of thy cities are thy gods, O Judah.”

Jeremiah 2:28

“And he said, I will hide my face from them, I will see what their end shall be:

for they are a very froward generation, children in whom is no faith.

They have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God;

they have provoked me to anger with their vanities:

and I will move them to jealousy with those which are not a people;

I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.”

Deuteronomy 32:20,21

“I will go and return to my place, till they acknowledge their offence,

and seek my face:

in their affliction they will seek me early.”

Hosea 5:15

Black peoples and all the world are now in great despair, and it is up to not only the Children of Israel to seek the True and Living CREATOR GOD to end the perils of Hell upon them, but it also behooves every single human being to seek this GOD and HIS Truth, now before it is too late.

The CREATOR GOD has demonstrated HIS most severe Judgments upon HIS Covenant People who chose to worship false gods. Read them and be the wiser! Human beings are the Creation of the CREATOR, and must, therefore, fulfill HIS Command to live according to HIS Ways of Righteousness. When mankind is disobedient and follows his own ways, then he quickly learns that his preferences and religious inventions lead to utter hopelessness, mourning, evil, and wickedness that foul the CREATOR’s GOOD Earth and HIS perfect plans for Righteousness.

“I form the light, and create darkness: I make peace, and create evil:

I the LORD do all these things.

“Drop down, ye heavens, from above, and let the skies pour down righteousness:

let the earth open,

and let them bring forth salvation, and let righteousness spring up together;

I the LORD have created it.”

Isaiah 45:8

“After the doings of the land of Egypt, wherein ye dwelt, shall ye not do: and after the doings of the land of Canaan, whither I bring you, shall ye not do: neither shall ye walk in their ordinances.” Leviticus 18:3

“Ye shall do my judgments, and keep mine ordinances, to walk therein: I am the LORD your God. Ye shall therefore keep my statutes, and my judgments: which if a man do, he shall live in them: I am the LORD.

“Defile not ye yourselves in any of these things: for in all these the nations are defiled which I cast out before you:

“Ye shall therefore keep my statutes and my judgments, and shall not commit any of these abominations; neither any of your own nation, nor any stranger that sojourneth among you:

”Therefore shall ye keep mine ordinance, that ye commit not any one of these abominable customs, which were committed before you, and that ye defile not yourselves therein: I am the LORD your God.” Leviticus 18:4,5,24,26,30

“Ye shall not do after all the things that we do here this day, every man whatsoever is right in his own eyes.” Deuteronomy 12:8

“Hear ye the word which the LORD speaketh unto you, O house of Israel: Thus saith the LORD, Learn not the way of the heathen, and be not dismayed at the signs of heaven; for the heathen are dismayed at them. For the customs of the people are vain: for one cutteth a tree out of the forest, the work of the hands of the workman, with the axe. They deck it with silver and with gold; they fasten it with nails and with hammers, that it move not. They are upright as the palm tree, but speak not: they must needs be borne, because they cannot go. Be not afraid of them; for they cannot do evil, neither also is it in them to do good.” Jeremiah 10:1 - 5

The curses in Deuteronomy 28^th Chapter only befell Black peoples: the Children of Israel and the original inhabitants of the lands of Ham, better known as “Africa”.

*****

WHICH WHOLE GROUPS OF PEOPLE

WERE ENSLAVED AND BORE YOKES UPON THEIR NECKS?

Unesco wants to encourage teaching about slavery

By Stephen Evans
BBC North America Business Correspondent

“And it shall come to pass, when thou shalt shew this people all these words,

and they shall say unto thee, Wherefore hath the LORD pronounced all this great evil against us?

what is our iniquity? or what is our sin that we have committed against the LORD our God?

Then shalt thou say unto them, Because your fathers have forsaken me, saith the LORD,

and have walked after other gods, and have served them, and have worshipped them,

and have forsaken me, and have not kept my law; And ye have done worse than your fathers;

for, behold, ye walk every one after the imagination of his evil heart, that they may not hearken unto me: Therefore will I cast you out of this land into a land that ye know not,

neither ye nor your fathers;

and there shall ye serve other gods day and night; where I will not shew you favour.”

Jeremiah 16:10 - 13

“How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people! how is she become as a widow!

she that was great among the nations, and princess among the provinces,

how is she become tributary! She weepeth sore in the night, and her tears are on her cheeks:

among all her lovers she hath none to comfort her:

all her friends have dealt treacherously with her,

they are become her enemies. Judah is gone into captivity because of affliction,

and because of great servitude: she dwelleth among the heathen,

she findeth no rest: all her persecutors overtook her between the straits.”

Lamentation 1:1 - 3

“Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass by? behold,

and see if there be any sorrow like unto my sorrow, which is done unto me,

wherewith the LORD hath afflicted me in the day of his fierce anger.

From above hath he sent fire into my bones, and it prevaileth against them:

he hath spread a net for my feet, he hath turned me back:

he hath made me desolate and faint all the day.

The yoke of my transgressions is bound by his hand:

they are wreathed, and come up upon my neck: he hath made my strength to fall,

the Lord hath delivered me into their hands, from whom I am not able to rise up.”

Lamentation 1:12 -14

“I was wroth with my people, I have polluted mine inheritance,

and given them into thine hand: thou didst shew them no mercy;

upon the ancient hast thou very heavily laid thy yoke.”

Isaiah 47:6

“They have taken crafty counsel against thy people, and consulted against thy hidden ones. They have said, Come, and let us cut them off from being a nation; that the name of Israel may be no more in remembrance. For they have consulted together with one consent: they are confederate against thee:” Psalm 83:3 – 5

“Who said, Let us take to ourselves the houses of God in possession.” Psalm 83:12

*****

Images of African Slavery and the Slave Trade

This gallery of Images of African Slavery and the Slave Trade includes pictures of indigenous and European slave trade, capture, transportation to the coast, slave pens, inspection by European merchants and ship's captains, slaving ships, and scenes from the Middle Passage.

Images 1-12 of 14

Enter Gallery

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Indigenous African Slavery			A Slaver's Canoe		African Captives Being Sent Into Slavery	Indigenous African Slavers Traveling From the Interior
Cape Coast Castle, Gold Coast		A Slave Barracoon		Female East African Slave		Young African Boys Captured for Slave Trade
Inspection of an African Slave	Testing an African Slave For Sickness			Diagram of the Slave Ship Brookes		Plans of Slave Decks, Slave Ship Brookes

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· Text Index

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African History: Slavery Images

A Gallery of Images of African Slavery and the Slave Trade ... painting showing
slaves yoked together at the neck, being driven by black slave traders. ... 132
slaves were thrown overboard from the ship Zong after disease broke out. ...

http://africanhistory.about.com/od/slaveryimages/Slavery_Ima... - 20k

Images of African Slavery and the Slave Trade

*****

GOD’s JUDGMENT

FOR WORSHIPPING IDOLS, IMAGES, AND MAN

DEUTERONOMY 28:15 - 68

Deu. 28:15 But it shall come to pass, if thou wilt not hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to observe to do all his commandments and his statutes which I command thee this day; that all these curses shall come upon thee, and overtake thee:

Deu. 28:19 Cursed shalt thou be when thou comest in, and cursed shalt thou be when thou goest out. The LORD shall send upon thee cursing, vexation, and rebuke, in all that thou settest thine hand unto for to do, until thou be destroyed, and until thou perish quickly; because of the wickedness of thy doings, whereby thou hast forsaken me. The LORD shall make the pestilence cleave unto thee, until he have consumed thee from off the land, whither thou goest to possess it.

“For they have not served thee in their kingdom, and in thy great goodness that thou gavest them, and in the large and fat land which thou gavest before them, neither turned they from their wicked works. Behold, we are servants this day, and for the land that thou gavest unto our fathers to eat the fruit thereof and the good thereof, behold, we are servants in it: And it yieldeth much increase unto the kings whom thou hast set over us because of our sins: also they have dominion over our bodies, and over our cattle, at their pleasure, and we are in great distress.” Nehemiah 9:35 – 37

SHORTLY AFTER THE DAYS OF EZRA AND NEHEMIAH, THE REMAINING ISRAELITES WENT INTO CAPTIVITY AT THE HANDS OF THE GRECIANS.

“The children also of Judah and the children of Jerusalem have ye sold unto the Grecians, that ye might remove them far from their border.” Joel 3:6

“Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evildoers, children that are corrupters: they have forsaken the LORD, they have provoked the Holy One of Israel unto anger, they are gone away backward. Why should ye be stricken any more? ye will revolt more and more: the whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint.

“Your country is desolate, your cities are burned with fire: your land, strangers devour it in your presence, and it is desolate, as overthrown by strangers.” Isaiah 1:4,5,7

“They sacrifice flesh for the sacrifices of mine offerings, and eat it; but the LORD accepteth them not; now will he remember their iniquity, and visit their sins: they shall return to Egypt.” Hosea 8:13

Deu. 28:28:25 The LORD shall cause thee to be smitten before thine enemies: thou shalt go out one way against them, and flee seven ways before them: and shalt be removed into all the kingdoms of the earth.

Source: Library of Congress (cph 3a29129)

This engraving entitled Tipo [sic] Tib's Fresh Captives Being Sent Into Bondage – Witnessed by Stanley records part of Henry Morton Stanley's journeys through Africa. Stanley also hired porters from Tippu Tib, a man considered the king of Zanzibar Slave Traders.

Source: "Voyage à la Côte Occidentale d'Afrique" by Louis Degrandpré, Paris 1801

Indigenous African slavers from coastal regions would travel far into the interior to obtain slaves. They were generally better armed, having obtained guns from European merchants in trade for slaves. Slaves are yoked with a forked branch and fixed in place with an iron pin across the back of their necks. The slightest tug on the branch could choke the prisoner.

Prisoners could be held in slave sheds, or barracoons, for several months whilst awaiting the arrival of European merchants.
Slaves are shown hobbled to roughly hewn logs (on left) or in stocks (on right). Slaves would be fastened to the roof supports by rope, attached around their necks or interweaved into their hair.

“Israel is swallowed up: now shall they be among the Gentiles as a vessel wherein is no pleasure. For they are gone up to Assyria, a wild ass alone by himself: Ephraim hath hired lovers.” Hosea 8:8,9

“The children also of Judah and the children of Jerusalem have ye sold unto the Grecians, that ye might remove them far from their border.” Joel 3:6

“For thy violence against thy brother Jacob shame shall cover thee, and thou shalt be cut off for ever. In the day that thou stoodest on the other side, in the day that the strangers carried away captive his forces, and foreigners entered into his gates, and cast lots upon Jerusalem, even thou wast as one of them.” Obadiah 1:10,11

Gordon: Runaway Slave Turned Union Soldier

This original 1863 leaf presents the incredible story and pictures of the Runaway Slave Gordon.  The leaf describes Gordon's amazing story.  Gordon escaped slavery in Mississippi.  The leaf describes how Gordon escaped captivity by rubbing himself with onions, to foil the plantation owner's hounds, which had been sent to track Gordon down.  Gordon effectively made it to Union forces stationed at Baton Rouge.  The picture at the left shows Gordon in tattered clothes, showing the poor shape he was in upon finding refuge with the Union army.  The center illustration shows Gordon's back, scared from endless brutal whippings at his master's hand.  The third illustration shows Gordon in Union uniform, after joining the Union Army.  The story surrounding the images gives an incredible account of Gordon's escape and induction into the Army.

Slavery Pictures

paul@sonofthesouth.net. ... email me, and I will put it up for you to see. I eventually hope to have my entire collection up for friends to view, but it takes time. Click Here for Even More Slavery Pictures www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery_pictures.htm

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Stock Photo - The selling and branding of slaves before being put aboard a ship, 1965

Stock Photography and Stock Footage

The World's Stock Photography - One Website

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.. Arise! Arise ! shake off your chains!

Your cause is just, so Heaven ordains;

HISTORY OF SLAVERY

The unwise regulations of the trustees of Georgia, which crushed incentives to industry and thrift, and other causes which exist in all new settlements, made that colony languish. The settlers saw the prosperity of their neighbors in South Carolina, and attributed the difference to the positive prohibition of slavery in Georgia. This became their leading grievance, and even Whitefield advocated the introduction of slavery, under the old (and later) pretence of propagating, in that way, Christianity among the heathen Africans. Habersham, too, advocated the introduction. "Many of the poor slaves in America," he wrote, "have already been made freemen of the heavenly Jerusalem." The Germans were assured by their friends in Germany of its harmlessness. Word came to them in 1749: "If you take slaves in faith and with the intent of conducting them to Christ, the action will not be a sin, but may prove a benediction." So it was that avarice subdued conscience. Already slaves had been introduced into Georgia from South Carolina as hired servants, under indentures for life, or for ninety-nine years; and at Savannah the continual toast was, "The one thing needful," which meant negro slaves. Leading men among the Scotch and Germans who opposed the introduction of slavery were threatened and persecuted. Under great pressure, the trustees yielded, and slavery was introduced on the condition that all masters should be obliged to compel the negroes to "attend, at some time on the Lord's day, for instruction in the Christian religion." In 1752 the charter was surrendered to the crown, the colony had all the privileges accorded to others, and flourished.

A Slave Auction in New Orleans

To completely enslave the English-American colonies, the British Parliament, in 1750, gave liberty to trade in negroes, as slaves, to and from any part of Africa between Sallee, in South Barbary, and the Cape of Good Hope, to all the subjects of the King of England. This was designed to fill the colonies with slaves, who should neither trouble Great Britain with fears of encouraging political independence nor compete with their industry with British workshops; neither would they leave their employers the entire security that might enable them to prepare a revolt.

History of Slavery

Deu. 28:29 And thou shalt grope at noonday, as the blind gropeth in darkness, and thou shalt not prosper in thy ways: and thou shalt be only oppressed and spoiled evermore, and no man shall save thee.

A close examination of financial data reveals why whites have been so adamant about keeping blacks as a permanent underclass of laborers. The world saw Blacks and their labor as sources of wealth – black gold.

England was the king of slave trading nations. Not only was it the dominant slave trader, but was also the primary beneficiary of wealth produced by slaves in the Americas and Caribbean islands. …the English system was the harshest and undoubtedly the most profitable of the six major slave trading nations. For example, by 1795, Liverpool, England alone had more than 100 ships carrying slaves. This fleet of ships accounted for 50 percent of Europe’s slave trade….pp. 132

New England, the home of the Quakers and antislavery forces, had three times as many textile mills as the entire South. These mills manufactured, process, retailed, and generally thrived off of slavery-produced cotton. The first cotton mill in the U.S. was built at Beverly, Massachusetts, around 1808. By 1817, slaves were annually producing more than 126 million pounds of cotton that had a value of approximately $15 million, for processing in Northern textile mills alone…By 1850, more than 1,000 cotton factories operated in the United States. Northern mills processed on-quarter of all slave-produced cotton. This cotton provided clothes, fabric, jobs, income, wealth, taxes, and other benefits to populations throughout the North. So while Northern antislavery forces opposed slavery on moral grounds, it was apparent from the kinds of business that were supporting the Northern economy that nearly every Northerner benefited from slavery…

The high economic value of exploiting black labor would not let slavery die a timely death. Many Southern slave holders cautioned Northern abolitionists and businessmen not to hurt their own business opportunities by advocating freedom for blacks. For example, in 1787, John Rutledge of South Carolina argue that it was counterproductive for the Northern states to oppose slavery because they would benefit by transporting the products of slave labor. In subsequent years, as Rutledge predicted, Norther shipbuilders amassed fortunes building commercial vessels that hauled slaves and durable goods to the Caribbean islands, European and other ports around the world. Black Labor, White Wealth, by Claud Anderson, Ed.D. pps. 136,137

Source: "Boy Travelers on the Congo" by Thomas W Knox, New York 1871

Slavers were often transported considerable distances down river (in this case the Congo) to be sold to Europeans.

Deu. 28:32,33 Thy sons and thy daughters shall be given unto another people, and thine eyes shall look, and fail with longing for them all the day long: and there shall be no might in thine hand. The fruit of thy land, and all thy labours, shall a nation which thou knowest not eat up; and thou shalt be only oppressed and crushed alway:

http://old.antislavery.org/breakingthesilence/main/briefings/8.%20Legacies%20in%20Africa%20Americas%20Caribbean%20and%20Europ..

http://old.antislavery.org/breakingthesilence/main/briefings/8.%20Legacies%20in%20Africa%20Americas%20Caribbean%20and%20Europ..

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Slavery in America

• videos12
• photo galleries3

• Civil War
  Video
• Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad
  Video
• John Brown
  Video
• Origins of Slavery
  Video
• Frederick Douglass
  Video
• Abraham Lincoln
  Video

Slavery in America began when the first African slaves were brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia in 1619, to aid in the production of such lucrative crops as tobacco. Slavery was practiced throughout the American colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries, and African-American slaves helped build the economic foundations of the new nation. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 solidified the central importance of slavery to the South's economy. By the mid-19th century, America's westward expansion, along with a growing abolition movement in the North, would provoke a great debate over slavery that would tear the nation apart in the bloody American Civil War (1861-65). Though the Union victory freed the nation's 4 million slaves, the legacy of slavery continued to influence American history, from the tumultuous years of Reconstruction (1865-77) to the civil rights movement that emerged in the 1960s, a century after emancipation.

More to Explore:

People and Groups

• Frederick Douglass
• Harriet Tubman
• Sojourner Truth
• William Lloyd Garrison
• Abraham Lincoln
• Carpetbaggers & Scalawags
• John Brown
• Sally Hemings

Themes

• Fugitive Slave Acts
• Slave Rebellions
• Abolitionist Movement
• The Liberator
• Emancipation Proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment
• Jim Crow law
• Civil Rights Movement
• Sharecropping & "Forty Acres and a Mule"

Events

• Freedmen's Bureau
• Compromise of 1850
• Missouri Compromise
• Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Bleeding Kansas
• Dred Scott Case
• Fugitive Slave Acts

Related Topics

• Declaration of Independence
• The U.S. Constitution
• Slave Rebellions
• The U.S. Presidents
• American Civil War

Slavery in America — History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts

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Scene in a Southern Slave Town

History of Slavery

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This is how John Davis became a slave:

He was walking one evening from the train depot in Goodwater, Ala., when a white man appeared in the road. "Nigger," he demanded, "have you got any money?"

The white man, Robert Franklin, was a constable. He claimed Davis owed him. This was news to Davis.

"I don't owe you anything," he said.

But what Davis said did not matter. He was arrested that night and summarily convicted. A wealthy landowner, John Pace, paid the alleged $40 debt and a $35 fine in exchange for Davis' mark -- Davis was illiterate -- on a contract binding him to work 10 months at any task Pace demanded. For all intents and purposes, the one man now owned the other. For all intents and purposes, John Davis was John Pace's slave.

This was September 1901 -- 36 years after the end of the Civil War.

It would be appalling if it happened once. Douglas Blackmon says it happened hundreds of thousands of times in Alabama alone. Blackmon, Atlanta bureau chief for The Wall Street Journal, is the author of a compelling new book, Slavery By Another Name. Yours truly flatters himself that he is well versed in African-American history, but this book introduced me to a chapter of that history I did not know.

I didn't know, for example, about the so-called "convict leasing system" of the South, wherein poor black men were routinely snatched up and tried on false, petty or nonexistent charges by compliant courts, assessed some fine they could not afford and then "sold" for the cost of that fine to some mine, turpentine farm or plantation, the money going back to the judges and sheriffs.

http://www.miamiherald.com/living/columnists/leonard-pitts/story/614324.html

By LEONARD PITTS JR. 

lpitts@miamiherald.com

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Deu. 28:36 The LORD shall bring thee, and thy king which thou shalt set over thee, unto a nation which neither thou nor thy fathers have known; and there shalt thou serve other gods, wood and stone."

Why there are no records of Jesus Christ

It is not possible to find in any legitimate religious or historical writings compiled between the beginning of the first century and well into the fourth century any reference to Jesus Christ and the spectacular events that the Church says accompanied his life. This confirmation comes from Frederic Farrar (1831-1903) of Trinity College, Cambridge:

"It is amazing that history has not embalmed for us even one certain or definite saying or circumstance in the life of the Saviour of mankind ... there is no statement in all history that says anyone saw Jesus or talked with him. Nothing in history is more astonishing than the silence of contemporary writers about events relayed in the four Gospels." (The Life of Christ, Frederic W. Farrar, Cassell, London, 1874)

This situation arises from a conflict between history and New Testament narratives. Dr Tischendorf made this comment:

"We must frankly admit that we have no source of information with respect to the life of Jesus Christ other than ecclesiastic writings assembled during the fourth century." (Codex Sinaiticus, Dr Constantin von Tischendorf, British Library, London)

There is an explanation for those hundreds of years of silence: the construct of Christianity did not begin until after the first quarter of the fourth century, and that is why Pope Leo X (d. 1521) called Christ a "fable" (Cardinal Bembo: His Letters..., op. cit.).

Please read the entire article located in the Appendix.

1671

Governor Berkeley of Virginia estimated that more than 2,000 slaves were in the colony.

A Maryland act extending the scope of the slavery law passed in 1664 declared that conversion or baptism of slaves before or after their importation did not entitle them to freedom. The act was passed to quell fears of slave owners who hesitated to import slaves for fear of losing their investment through prior or subsequent conversion, and also to encourage slave owners to convert their slaves to Christianity…

1700

The most conscientious efforts to improve conditions among the slaves were made by the Quakers. George Fox urged owners of slaves to give religious instruction to them. In this year William Penn established a monthly meeting for Negroes.

1701

In England, Rev. Thomas Bray, a former representative of the Bishop of London in Maryland, founded the Anglican Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, better known as the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. Its purposes were “the care and instruction of our people settled in the colonies; the conversion of the Indian savages and the conversion of the Negroes.” The society was later incorporated into Dr. Bray’s Associates.

1727

The French and the Spanish colonists supported education of the Negroes insofar as it was needed to convert them to Christianity…

The Chronological History of the Negro in America, by Peter M. Bergman

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At the beginning of the transatlantic slave trade, African religious beliefs and practices were numerous and varied. In addition to a wide variety of polytheistic religions, a significant portion of the continent had for centuries fallen under Islamic influence. Despite this diversity, there were some common threads across cultural groups. For instance, West African societies, the largest source for American slaves, shared a belief in a Supreme Creator, a chief deity among lesser gods, to whom they prayed and made sacrifices. Through laws and customs honoring the gods, the ancestors of one's people, and the elderly, West Africans sought a harmonious balance between the natural and spiritual worlds. Further, they made music and dance vital components of their worship practices. Enslaved men and women kept the rites, rituals, and cosmologies of Africa alive in America through stories, healing arts, song, and other forms of cultural expression, creating a spiritual space apart from the white European world.

Africans and African descendents working in the early modern Atlantic commercial system were exposed to the world of European Christianity as early as the fifteenth century, when Portuguese missionaries came to the coasts. In 1667 Virginia passed a law declaring that conversion did not change the status of a person from slave to free. Other colonies passed similar laws during the seventeenth and early eighteenth of Africa. Some slaves, therefore, brought Christian beliefs with them when they were thrust into slavery. Others converted in America. During the seventeenth century blacks in the Dutch New Netherlands and Spanish Florida baptized their children and were married by the church. In part, this participation in the dominant European religion reflected (and helped to bring about) a colonial society in which blacks were more fully integrated and enjoyed greater rights than later generations of slaves would.

"Doop-Boeck" -- BAPTISMS FROM 1639 TO 1697 IN THE REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH, New York. Archives of the Collegiate Church of the City of New York.

However, slaves also saw conversion to Christianity as a road to freedom. In the early years of settlement, for instance, fugitive slaves from South Carolina, headed for Florida, where the Spanish Crown promised them freedom as a reward for conversion. Slaveholders in the British North American colonies became increasingly fearful that Christianization of slaves would lead to demands for emancipation centuries.

During the early eighteenth century Anglican missionaries attempting to bring Christianity to slaves in the Southern colonies often found themselves butting up against not only uncooperative masters, but also resistant slaves. An unquestionable obstacle to the acceptance of Christianity among slaves was their desire to continue to adhere as much as possible to the religious beliefs and rituals of their African ancestors. Missionaries working in the South were especially displeased with slave retention of African practices such as polygamy and what they called idolatrous dancing. In fact, even blacks who embraced Christianity in America did not completely abandon Old World religion. Instead, they engaged in syncretism, blending Christian influences with traditional African rites and beliefs.

Symbols and objects, such as crosses, were conflated with charms carried by Africans to ward off evil spirits. Christ was interpreted as a healer similar to the priests of Africa. In the New World, fusions of African spirituality and Christianity led to distinct new practices among slave populations, including voodoo or vodun in Haiti and Spanish Louisiana. Although African religious influences were also important among Northern blacks, exposure to Old World religions was more intense in the South, where the density of the black population was greater.

Kimberly Sambol-Tosco

SLAVERY AND THE MAKING OF AMERICA

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Source: "Captain Canot: Twenty Years of an African Slaver" by Brantz Mayer (ed.), New York 1854

This engraving, entitled An African man being inspected for sale into slavery while a white man talks with African slave traders, appeared in the detailed account of a former slave ship captain, Theodore Canot - Captain Canot: Twenty Years of an African Slaver, edited by Brantz Mayer and published in New York in 1854.

Source: "Le commerce de l'Amerique par Marseille", engraving by Serge Daget, Paris 1725

From an engraving entitled An Englishman Tastes the Sweat of an African, numbered from right to left the image shows Africans displayed for sale in a public market, an African being examined before purchase, an Englishman licking sweat from the African's chin to test whether he is sick with a tropical disease (a sick slave would quickly infect the rest of the 'human cargo' on a tightly packed slave ship), and an African slave wearing an iron slave marker.

by William Smith, London 1749

The Europeans built several castles and forts, along the coast of West Africa – Elmina, Cape Coast, etc.. These fortresses, otherwise known as 'factories', were the first permanent trading stations built by Europeans in Africa.

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Public Sale of Negroes,

By RICHARD CLAGETT.

On Tuesday, March 5^th, 1833 at 1:00 P.M. the following Slaves will be sold at Potters Mart, in Charleston, S.C.

Miscellaneous Lots of Negroes, mostly house servants, some

for field work.

Conditions: ½ cash, balance by bond, bearing interest from date

of sale. Payable in one to two years to be secured by a mortgage of the

Negroes, and appraised personal security. Auctioneer will pay for

the papers.

________________________________________________________

A valuable Negro woman, accustomed to all kinds of houser work. Is a good

Plain cook, and excellent dairy maid, washes and irons. She has four children, one

a girl about 13 years of age, another 7, a boy about 5, and an infant 11 months old.

2 of the children will be sold with mother, the others separately, if it best suits the

Purchaser.

A very valuable Blacksmith, wife and daughters; the Smith is in the prime

Of life, and a perfect master at his trade. His wife about 27 years old, and his

Daughters 12 and 10 years old have been brought up as house servants, and as such are very valuable. Also for sale 2 likely young negro wenches, one of whom is 16 the other 13, both of whom have been taught and accustomed to the duties of house servants. The 16 year old wench has one eye.

A likely yellow girl about 17 or 18 years old, has been accustomed to all kinds

of house and garden work. She is sold for no fault. Sound as a dollar.

House servants: The owner of a family descried herein, would sell them for a good price only, they are offered for no fault whatever, but because they can be done without, and money is needed, He has been offered $1250. They consist of A man 30 to 33 years old, who has been raised in a genteel Virginia family as house servant, Carriage driver etc., in all which he excels. His wife a likely wench of 25 to 30 raised in like manner, as chamber maid, seamstress, nurse etc., their two children, girls of 12 and 4 or 5. They are bright mulattoes, of mild tractable dispositions, unassuming manners, and of genteel appearance and well worthy the notice of a gentleman of fortune needing such.

Also 14 Negro Wenches ranging from 16 to 25 years of age, all sound and capable of doing a good days work in the house or field.

Public Sale of Negros

[COLONIAL AMERICA]

Many thanks to:

Big Man Entertainment

Email:  Bigmanent@Gmail.com

Web:  http://www.myspace.com/bigmanent

Deu. 28:28:37 And thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a byword, among all nations whither the LORD shall lead thee.

Source: "Journey of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile" by John Hanning Speke, New York 1869

Indigenous slavery in West Africa, known as pawnship, differed somewhat from the chattel slavery of the trans-Atlantic trade, since pawns would live amongst a similar culture. Pawns would, however, still be restrained against escape.

Deu. 28:41 Thou shalt beget sons and daughters, but thou shalt not enjoy them; for they shall go into captivity.

Young boys were the favorite cargo of trans-Atlantic slave ship captains.

African Slavery and the Slave Trade: Young African Boys Captured ...

A COLONIAL SLAVE-MARKET IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.

In 1663 the Maryland legislature enacted a law that " all negroes and other slaves within the province, and all negroes and other slaves to be thereafter imported into the province, should serve during life; and all children born of any negro should be slaves, as their fathers were, for the term of their lives." The same law recited that " divers free-born English-women, forgetful of their free condition, and to the disgrace of the nation, did intermarry with negro slaves," and it was enacted for deterring from such " shameful matches " that, during their husbands' lives, white women so intermarrying should be servants to the masters of their husbands, and that the issue of such marriages should be slaves for life.

History of Slavery

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Source: Library of Congress (cph 3a44236)

Illustration showing deck plans and cross sections of British slave ship Brookes.

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Source: Library of Congress

A detailed drawing of the slave ship Brookes, showing how 482 people were to be packed onto the decks. The detailed plans and cross sectional drawing of the slave ship Brookes was distributed by the Abolitionist Society in England as part of their campaign against the slave trade, and dates from 1789.

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For other uses, see Slave ship (disambiguation).

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v · d · e

Slave ships were large cargo ships specially converted for the purpose of transporting slaves, especially newly purchased African slaves.

The most significant routes of the slave ships led from the north-western and western coasts of Africa to South America and the south-east coast of what is today the United States of America, and the Caribbean. As many as 20 million Africans were transported by ship.^[1] The transportation of slaves from Africa to America was known as the Middle Passage. The African slave trade was outlawed in 1807, by a law passed jointly in the United States of America and the United Kingdom, the applicable UK Act was the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act and outlawed slavery throughout the British Empire. The US law^[2] took effect on January 1, 1808. After that date all US and English slave ships leaving Africa were legally pirate vessels subject to capture by the United States Navy or Royal Navy. In 1815,^[3] at the Council of Vienna, Spain, Portugal, France and The Netherlands also agreed to abolish their slave trade. During this time, the slave ships became smaller and more cramped in exchange for improved performance in their new role as smuggling craft and blockade runners.

Contents

• 1 Atlantic slave trade
• 2 List of slave ships
• 3 See also
• 4 Further reading
• 5 Notes
• 6 External links

Atlantic slave trade

Only a few decades after the discovery of America by Europeans, demand for cheap labour to work plantations made slave-trading a profitable business. The peak time of slave ships to the Atlantic passage was between the 17th and 18th century when large plantations developed in the English colonies of North America.

In order to achieve profit, the owners of the ships divided their hulls into holds with little headroom, so they could transport as many slaves as possible. Unhygienic conditions, dehydration, dysentery and scurvy led to a high mortality rate, on average 15%^[4] and up to a third of captives. Only the most resilient survived the transport. Often the ships, also known as Guineamen,^[5] transported hundreds of slaves, who were chained tightly to plank beds. For example, the slave ship Henrietta Marie carried about 200 slaves on the long Middle Passage. They were confined to cargo holds with each slave chained with little room to move.^[6]

List of slave ships

• Adelaide, French slave ship, sank 1714 near Cuba.
• Aurore, along with the Duc du Maine, the first French slave ships that brought the first slaves to Louisiana.
• La Amistad, cargo ship which sometimes carried slaves (see note below).
• Braunfisch, a Brandenburgian slave ship lost in 1688 in a revolt.
• Brookes, sailing in the 1780s.^[7]
• Clotilde, burned and sunk at Mobile, in autumn 1859.
• Cora, captured by the USS Constellation in 1860.
• The Creole case was the result of a slave rebellion in 1841 on board the Creole, a ship involved in the United States coastwise slave trade.
• Desire, first American slave ship.^{[citation needed]}

Cross section of decks, "tight packing" of slaves, storage areas. This ship sailed from La Rochelle in 1784, picked up about 500 Africans from north of the Congo River, and sold its slaves in Saint Domingue.

La Rochelle slave ship Le Saphir ex-voto, 1741.

Brookes slave ship plan

Images showing how the slaves were transported on the ships

Turner's The Slave Ship

• Elisabeth, sailing from Jamaica for West Africa.
• Duc du Maine, along with the Aurore, the first French slave ships that brought the first slaves to Louisiana.
• Fredensborg, Danish slave ship, sank in 1768 off Tromøy in Norway, after a journey in the triangular trade. Leif Svalesen has written a book about the journey.
• Hannibal. An English slaver of the Atlantic slave trade.
• Henrietta Marie. Sank 1700 near Marquesas Keys, Florida, excavated in 1980s.
• Hope, American brig which brought slaves to Rhode Island
• Jesus of Lübeck 700-ton ship used on the second voyage of John Hawkins to transport 400 captured Africans in 1564. Queen Elizabeth I was his partner and rented him the vessel.
• Kron-Printzen, Danish slave ship, sank in 1706 with 820 slaves on board.
• Le Concord. Slave ship turned pirate ship aka Queen Anne's Revenge. Sank 1717.
• Lord Ligonier. See Roots: The Saga of an American Family by Alex Haley.
• Don Francisco. Slave ship captured in 1837. Sold as a colonial trader renamed James Matthews. Excavated by Western Australian Museum in 1974
• Madre de Deus (Mother of God), 1567. John Hawkins captured this ship and transported 400 Africans.
• Manuela, built as clipper ship Sunny South, captured by HMS Brisk in Mozambique Channel with over 800 slaves aboard.
• Margaret Scott confiscated and sunk as part of the Stone fleet in 1862
• Nightingale, clipper ship captured by Saratoga near Cabinda, Angola in 1861 with 961 slaves aboard.
• Pons, American built barque captured by the USS Yorktown 1 December 1845 with 850-900 slaves.^[8]
• Salamander, Brandenburgian slave ship.
• Sally, of Newport, Rhode Island - reviewed in the Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice.
• Tecora, Portuguese slave ship that transported the slaves who would later revolt aboard La Amistad.
• Triton captured by the USS Constellation 1861.
• Trouvadore, wrecked in Turks and Caicos 1841. 193 slaves survived. Project commenced in 2004 to locate the ship.^[9]
• Wanderer, formerly last slave ship to the U.S. (Nov. 1858) until Clotilde reported.
• Wildfire, a barque, arrested off the Florida coast by the US Navy in 1860; carrying 450 slaves.^[10]
• Whydah Gally, slave ship turned into pirate ship-sank 1717.
• Zong, a British slave ship infamous for the massacre which occurred on board in 1781.

Note: While La Amistad is often called a slave ship, it was in fact a general purpose cargo ship, which occasionally carried slaves. See the article about the ship, and the resulting court case, for more information.

See also

• William Fly
• Slave Coast, Gorée ("Slave island")
• Slave trade

Further reading

• Baroja, Pio (2002). Los pilotos de altura. Madrid: Anaya. ISBN 8466716815. http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0836/2003429983-d.html.
• Rediker, Marcus (2007). The Slave Ship: A Human History. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0670018239. http://www.marcusrediker.com/Books/Slave_Ship/Synopsis_of_Slave_Ship.htm.

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Deu. 28:43 The stranger that is within thee shall get up above thee very high; and thou shalt come down very low.

…Jews established neighborhood businesses that survived strictly off of black customers. They advised black leaders on public policy matters. Jews also built entire industries around resources that blacks controlled or owned, such as sports, entertainment and music. Black Labor, White Wealth, by Claud Anderson, Ed.D. pp. 20

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Slavery In The U. S. Constitution

by Claire Berkowitz and Karen Board Moran

Abolitionists said the United States Constitution was a slave document created by slave owners. After 50 years of secrecy the deals made behind closed doors were exposed by James Madison’s newly published Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787. Many of the founding fathers who owned slaves had varying opinions about whether slavery should be abolished. In order to stabilize the nation politically and economically, the first two compromises with human life occurred:

• The 3/5’s Compromise enabled more masters to become lawmakers, even though the 3/5’s of the slave population counted, had no vote or voice in the democracy.
• The Slave Trade Compromise stopped slave imports after 1807 encouraging slave breeding within the United States and slave auctions throughout the south.

Most founding fathers believed slavery would eventually die out. However, they had not foreseen the impact of cotton gin technology which enabled cotton to become the king cash crop of the South. Before the device was created, one slave could pick and clean seeds from a hundred pound sack of field cotton in 100 days. After 1793 a slave could pick 100 pounds a day and pass the sack to another slave hand turning the crank of the new engine to clean quickly the 100 pounds in one day - even faster if the gin was turned by mule or waterpower. The gin constantly needed to be “fed” cotton from the slave field labor planting, weeding, and picking the crop. To increase their profits from sales to British and Northern textile manufacturers, plantation owners needed more slaves and land in order to produce more cotton.

The Industrial Revolution had changed every aspect of American life and the country’s borders spread westward with the addition of the Mexican Cession—opening new cotton fields. To maintain the original Constitutional balance of lawmaking power, Congress continued to play the compromise game in 1820 and 1850 to maintain an equal number of free and slave votes in the Senate (where every state had two votes). The great fear? A majority of free states might amend the Constitution to abolish slavery within the nation at great economic loss to the slave owners and textile manufacturers.

Even before the 1787 Constitutional Convention, the Confederation Congress had been forced to deal with the issue of slavery in the Northwest Territory, northwest of the Ohio River. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 forbade slavery in the territories and states that would be created (Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin). As a concession to the South, the ordinance included a Fugitive Slave Law to ensure runaway slaves would be returned to their owners if caught in the northwest.

In the mid 19th century, many states were rewriting their constitutions in the spirit of progress and reform brought about by the technological and economic changes. Most states eliminated the property requirement for voting and expanded public education to ensure an informed electorate. Political status of women and blacks was discussed, but too much prejudice still existed in most states. Indiana, settled largely by Tennesseans and Kentuckians, included Black Laws in the new state Constitution of 1850-1851.

Indiana’s Black Laws stated:

• No Negro or mulatto shall come into or settle in the state.
• Negro males are not allowed to vote.
• Any contract made with a Negro should be void.
• Any who employed or otherwise encouraged a Negro to remain in Indiana was subject to a fine. (Repealed in 1881)

The Compromise of 1850 necessitated by the Mexican Cession included a harsh new Fugitive Slave Law to appease the southern slave owners once more. It required:

• Return of the runaway property (i.e. the slave).
• Up to six months in jail, and/or up to $1000 fine for those aiding a slave's escape.
• Anyone successfully helping a slave escape could be forced to pay civil damages of up to $1000 to the slave master.

The next crises occurred on 30 May 1854:

• The Kansas-Nebraska Act took effect and the chance for popular sovereignty, or
• “squatters sovereignty”, opened years of guerilla warfare as settlers rushed into Kansas Territory to cast their votes for or against slavery in the soon-to-be state. Worcester’s Eli Thayer, founder of the Oread Institute (a college for women), led the New England Emigrant Aid Society to encourage about 3,000 “Free Soil” settlers to move to Kansas. Free Soilers worked to block the expansion of slavery into the new territories. Reverend Henry Ward Beecher shipped cases of rifles known as “Beecher’s Bibles” to arm the Free Soilers. Ironically, the same year most of the Native Americans in Indiana were forced to move to the Shawnee Reserve in Kansas Territory.
• Meanwhile back in Boston, Anthony Burns, a presser in a tailor shop, was being
• tried as a fugitive slave. Worcester’s Thomas Wentworth Higginson had unsuccessfully led an attempt to rescue Burns. In response, President Franklin Pierce telegraphed the U.S. commission in charge of carrying out the law to insist they enforce the Fugitive Slave Law despite local popular opinion to the contrary. After a three-day trial, Burns was ordered to return to his master in Virginia. At the time the New England Anti-Slavery and New England Woman’s Right Conventions were in session. Little work was accomplished as both groups adjourned to join the fifty thousand spectators lining the streets yelling “Shame!” as Burns was led on board a U.S. revenue cutter to go back to his master.

These events, and others, escalated negative sentiment against U. S. federal law and the Constitution. More time and bloodshed would occur before they would be amended.

WWHP - Slavery In The U. S. Constitution

Deu. 28:44 He shall lend to thee, and thou shalt not lend to him: he shall be the head, and thou shalt be the tail.

Why were black people considered to be second class citizens in America during 1945 and up until 1960?

In: United States History, African-American History

Blackswww.allbusiness.com.

The simple, single word answer is "Racism." Racism may be defined as "the prejudice that members of one race are intrinsically superior to members of other races" (Princeton University definition). In These United States, black people in particular, and all other "nonwhite" races, and certain religions, and women, have far too much been treated as second class from the very beginning. It remains sometimes a sad, ugly fact of American life, but we're working on it. We have just elected our first African American president in history. Before that, we had our first black secretaries of state (back to back, one of whom was a woman). In each case, it really seemed that skin color was not a factor! Our problem is a human one: progress is painfully slow, but like the tortoise, we get there.

When Thomas Jefferson in 1776 wrote that "All men are created equal," it's no secret that what he meant - was Men: White, Anglo Saxon, Protestant Christian, Propertied and very often slave owning White Men. The framers of the Constitution began, "We the people …," but it's also no secret that in 1787, "The People" meant White, Anglo Saxon, Protestant Christian, Propertied and very often slave owning White Men.

It is precisely because of this peculiarity of our Founding Fathers that, as national attitudes gradually changed, sometimes with great violence, the nation has been on a collective guilt trip since the 18th Century.

But you specifically asked about black people between 1945 and 1960 (for purposes of this discussion I shall use the common terms "white" and "black," although I dislike both: we are, all of us humans, varying shades of brown). Racism is the curse and tragedy of the entire world (see under Darfur), but it was especially a curse and a tragedy in the USA because of slavery. We Americans are to this day struggling with the poisonous legacy of slavery. It caused our Civil War, it caused what we call Jim Crow in the post Civil War south, it has caused immeasurable pain and suffering for all "nonwhite" people, sometimes right down to the present minute, despite our having elected a person of color to the Presidency. Our present Attorney General, Eric Holder, himself a person of "mixed race" has said, rightly or wrongly, that America is a Nation of Cowards because we Americans cannot look racism (or any other -ism) in the eye and deal with it honestly.

During World War 2 (≈1942-1945), black citizens served in every branch of the military, but the military was strictly segregated. Black men were put into units that consisted entirely of black men, but their officers were usually white, because the conventional wisdom of the time, even as late as the 1940's, was that black people couldn't do anything right unless they were led by white people. Nevertheless, thousands of black men in uniform distinguished themselves in the fight to the death against Fascism, which is itself nearly synonymous with Racism. This experience changed the black veteran and helped lead to the Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968).

Also during World War 2, black citizens served in every war industry. Thousands flocked from south to north where the industries were and faithfully helped build the fabulous American war machine that did so much to defeat the Axis Powers. This experience also changed the black citizen and helped lead to the Civil Rights Movement.

But in 1945 the war ended, and an economic recession began. War industries downsized and returned to peacetime pursuits, or disappeared altogether. At the same time tens of thousands of white soldiers returned from the battlefronts looking for jobs. Blacks, even black veterans were immediately displaced, but with no jobs they had nowhere to go. They couldn't return to the south where many had come from. There were even fewer jobs there. So they stayed where they were, in crowded black ghettos, where they made their way as best they could while crime and violence tended to rise, and the northern white population lifted its collective nose and sneered, "Typical."

But blacks by this time had had enough. In the north they were jammed into ghettos and denied work. Their children were allowed to go to integrated schools, but many white teachers dismissed black children as "not as smart" as whites, which could become a self fulfilling prophecy. In the south blacks were subjected to laws that prohibited them from "whites only" schools, movie theaters, drinking fountains, and space on the bus (President Barack Obama could not have taken a sip from a "whites only" water fountain in, say, Alabama as late as 1965). The great catalytic moment came in 1955, when a black seamstress named Rosa Parks, tired and with sore feet, refused to stand on a Montgomery, Alabama bus so that a white man could sit. She was, she said, "Tired of giving in."

In 1948 President Harry S. Truman issued an executive order integrating the armed services. It wasn't until 1954 that the last all-black unit was fully assimilated, and the armed forces didn't at first like it, but it was a beginning, and a powerful beginning.

By 1960, the whole country was beginning to change in its attitudes. In the north, as more and more black people began to appear and do well in teaching and doctoring and business and government and professions, northern whites were forced to take a second look at their assumptions about the competency of black people. On February 1, in Greensboro, North Carolina, four young black students began a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter. Ordinary (black) kids with extraordinary courage, enduring not only not being served, for months, but having food and liquid dumped on them, yet enduring nevertheless. Their courage and determination triggered other nonviolent protests across the southern U.S. Black leaders began to challenge Jim Crow in nonviolent marches and demonstrations. In December, 1960, a flurry of obscure Supreme Court decisions begins to legally dismantle Jim Crow in the south.

There was a long road ahead, and many murders and lynchings, some very famous. For us who lived it, it seemed to start with the murder in 1963 of President John F. Kennedy. No one knows what the motive was, and there is no evidence that Kennedy's support of civil rights had anything to do with it, but it seemed to trigger a cascade of assassinations and attempted assassinations. The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was murdered in 1968. Senator Robert Kennedy, running for president, was murdered in 1968. President Lyndon Baines Johnson refused to run again in 1968, exhausted from the growing debacle in Vietnam, but also Johnson had been at the forefront of not-always-popular civil rights legislation. Yet, by 2008 this "racist" nation overlooked the darker color of a man's skin and judged him on the Content of his Character and elected him President of The United States. There is hope for us.

Read more:

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_were_black_people_considered_to_be_second_class_citizens_in_America_during_1945_and_up_until_1960#ixzz1GmbODSZ1

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African-Americans Are Tired

of Being Treated Like Second-Class Citizens

http://africanamericanpoliticalspot.blogspot.com/

by Zarian Phipps

For centuries, the United States has treated African-Americans as second-class citizens. Actually for a good portion of it's history, the United States didn't consider Black people citizens at all. To go along with this total dehumanization, a system of laws and practices were set up in order to continue the total disenfranchisement of African-Americans for years even after slavery was begrudingly abolished. A system of programs in the 1960's and 1970's such as Affirmative Action were put in place to make society feel as if it had addressed it's most painful chapter and made amends for it although not even an official apology for the mistreatment of African-Americans as a result of slavery and the after affects of racism was ever given.

In the year 2007 many non-Black citizens of the United States see no reason why a majority of African-Americans still feel like second-class citizens. They don't see why millions of young black people have no hope for a happy future. In fact, many Americans think that it is time to repeal the minute measures that were put into place to ensure non-discriminatory treatment for African-Americans. They don't see why Affirmative Action is needed and some of them vocally say that it is discriminatory against White people.

The reason why African-Americans feel like second-class citizens is because we are. Black people in this country are more likely to live in poverty as their white counterparts by many times over. They are also less likely to receive a good education or medical treatment. Black people are more likely to go to prison and receive harsher sentences than White people in the United States. We even die sooner than White people in this country do. Simply put, not much has changed in the lives of the majority of African-American people in the United States, the comfort of the poverty level has simply increased. Not much has changed because the lasting affects that racism has on succeeding generations of African-Americans have never been addressed on any serious level.

Even after Hurricane Katrina made it impossible for any rational person to deny the racial discrepancies that still exist there is no serious debate going on to address the obvious problems.

Many people find it easier to simply think that African-Americans are not working hard enough to pull themselves out of the negative situation they are in. There is no validity in these opinions as it is ludicrous to think that the majority of Black people in the United States are making the conscious choice to stay in the rut that they are in. No group of people in the United States has worked harder than African-Americans so the notion that they are lazy is totally false.

African-Americans are demanding that we not be treated as second-class citizens anymore. We are demanding that the systematic issues that have held us back for centuries be rectified and changed. Black people deserve a chance in this society to reap the benefits of all of the hard work that we have done to make this a great country. We are not asking for a handout or charity, but only for what is due to us and that's a lot.

Visit the African-American Political Spot and read about the reality of the Black experience!

African-Americans Are Tired of Being Treated Like Second-Class ...

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….Slaves lived in dilapidated, damp, dark cabins, and their worldly possessions consisted of a few rags. A small board and a stick of wood, served as their beds and pillows. There were no physical, financial, nor psychological comforts for them, and worst of all, slaves were intentionally kept without hope. A slave’s life was committed to producing wealth and comfort for white masters. The slaves suffered in silence, but routinely asked in their prayers and work songs, “When will life get better for us, Lord?” Their descendants collectively still await an answer. Black Labor, White Wealth by Claud Anderson, Ed.D. pps. 10,11

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Secession Crisis

Constitution on Slavery  "Clearly Sanctioned"

Black African slavery had existed in the North American English colonies for 168 years before the U.S. Constitution was drafted in 1787. It had existed all across colonial America, but by 1804 most Northern states, finding that slavery was not profitable for them, had effectively abolished the institution. In the South, however, especially after the 1793 invention of the cotton gin, the institution grew, becoming an inextricable part of the economy and way of life.

Whether slavery was to be permitted and continued under the new Constitution was a matter of conflict between the North and South, with several Southern states refusing to join the Union if slavery were disallowed. Thus, in spite of a warning from Virginian George Mason that slaves "bring the judgment of Heaven on a country," the continuance of slavery was clearly sanctioned in the U.S. Constitution, although the words slave and slavery are not found anywhere in the document. Section 2 of Article I states that apart from free persons "all other persons," meaning slaves, are each to be counted as three-fifths of a white person for the purpose of apportioning congressional representatives on the basis of population. Section 9 of Article I states that the importation of "such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit," meaning slaves, would be permitted until 1808. And Section 2 of Article IV directs that persons "held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another," meaning fugitive slaves, were to be returned to their owners.

The Bill of Rights, adopted in 1791, says nothing about slavery. But the Fifth Amendment guaranteed that no person could "be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." Slaves were property, and slaveholders had an absolute right to take their property with them, even into free states or territories.

Fascinating Fact:  The rhetoric in the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence about liberty, freedom, being created equal, and so on, was seldom considered applicable to blacks, slave or free. Seen a subservient race, they were excluded from consideration as members of society and had few rights.

Constitution On Slavery

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THE SLAVE TRADE AND PLANTATION WEALTH

Sir John Hawkins (1532-1595) from Plymouth, was the first Englishman to trade in Africans, making three voyages to Sierra Leone and taking 1,200 inhabitants to Hispaniola and St Domingue (present day Dominica and Haiti) from 1562.

The British slave trade started to become a major enterprise in the 17th century, when King James I set up the first monopoly company to trade with Africa in 1618.  Britain acquired colonies in America and the Caribbean and demand for slaves to work the tobacco, rice, sugar and other crops on plantations grew.  London was the centre of this early trade.

In 1698 the monopoly on trade with Africa was abolished, opening up the valuable opportunity to merchants from other ports such as Bristol and Liverpool.  Wealth from the direct trade in slaves and from the plantations came back to Britain and was invested in buildings which stand today.

Guildhall Exterior. Image by Boris Baggs (C) English Heritage 

London

London held a central position in the development and continuation of transatlantic slavery from John Hawkins’ first voyage to Sierra Leone in 1562 to the opening of the West India Docks in 1802. Until 1698 London enjoyed a monopoly over the trade by royal charter.

Between 1660 and 1690, 15 Lord Mayors of London, 25 sheriffs and 38 aldermen of the City of London, who met at the Guildhall, Gresham Street, London EC2 (020 7606 3030 ext.1463), were shareholders in the Royal Africa Company which ran the transatlantic slave trade. These connections to the slave trade increased during the 18th century.

The Zong Case (1783) was tried here. This incident, in which 133 slaves on a ship to Jamaica were thrown overboard alive in order that the owners could claim the insurance on them under British law, shocked the public and was seen as a turning-point in the abolitionist campaign.

A statue to William Beckford Sr (1709-1770) stands at the east end of the south wall in Guildhall – the only Lord Mayor to receive this honour. Beckford was known as the 'uncrowned king of Jamaica'. His fortune came from 20,022 acres of plantations on the island. He was twice Lord Mayor of London and was also MP for the City of London.

Lord Chief Justice Lord Mansfield heard many cases in Westminster Hall, Palace of Westminster, London W1, (020 7219 3000) when it was a Court of Law.  He presided over the case of James Somerset in 1772. Somerset was a slave from America who escaped while his owner was visiting London, was re-captured and put aboard a ship to Jamaica. Mansfield ruled that "no master ever was allowed to take a slave byforce to be sold abroad because he deserted from his service". Mansfield's home was Kenwood House, Hampstead Lane, London NW3.

A commemorative statue to Robert Milligan, chairman of the West India Dock Company stands on the West India Quay, Canary Wharf, London E14. Milligan, together with other West India planters and merchants, built the docks for the safe importation of sugar, rum and coffee from the Caribbean plantations. It was described on its opening in 1802 as “the largest feat of civil engineering since the building of the pyramids”. Behind the statue, The Museum in Docklands, (0870 444 3851) occupies one of the two surviving warehouses built at this time.

Edward Colston statue

Bristol area

The Georgian House Museum, 7 Great George Street, Bristol BS1 5RR (0117 921 1362), was built by John Pinney (1740-1818), who earned his fortune from his sugar plantations in Nevis. He became even richer through the company he set up with his friend, the anti-abolitionist pamphleteer James Tobin.

They owned ships, loaned money to plantation owners and took over both the plantations and slaves of those who could not pay their debts. Pero (1753-1798) was Pinney’s personal servant, sold to Pinney when he was 12 along with his two sisters, possibly in Nevis. Pero was living here by 1791 and would have seen the kitchens very much as they are shown in the gallery.

Edward Colston (1636-1721) made his fortune as a sugar merchant and member of the Royal African Company with interests in St Kitts, but was also famous for his charity and philanthropy in Bristol, where he was born.

He founded almshouses at St Michael’s Hill and supported local schools. A statue of him was erected in Colston Avenue, Bristol in the 19th century.

Queen Square, Bristol (built 1699-1727) was home to wealthy merchants with interests in the West Indies.

Henry Bright (1715-1777), Mayor of Bristol and a prominent Bristol merchant and slave trader, lived with his black servant called Bristol at number 29, currently leased to the South West regional office of English Heritage.

At numbers 33 to 35 lived Captain Woodes Rogers (1679-1732), a famous privateer who made a voyage around the world in 1708 to 1711, trading in slaves on the way. He also invested in a ship carrying slaves from Africa to Jamaica

Blaise Castle, Henbury Road, Henbury, Bristol, (0117 353 2268) is a quirky gothic folly built on the top of Blaise Hill in 1766 by Thomas Farr.

Farr had large investments in the slave trade and it is said that he spent the equivalent of about £150,000 today building the folly, so that he could climb it to watch his ships sailing back up the River Avon to Bristol.

William Beckford's (1760-1844) huge inheritance allowed him to enjoy an extravagant lifestyle, be a writer, collector and patron of the arts, and to build the gothic Fonthill Abbey in Wiltshire and Beckfords Tower, 1 Royal Crescent, Bath (01225 460705) in 1827.

William was the son of William Beckford Snr, plantation owner and twice Lord Mayor of London. His grandfather Peter Beckford (1643-1710) founded the greatest sugar fortune in the West Indies.

Liverpool Town Hall Exterior Image by Boris Baggs (C) English Heritage 

Liverpool

Like London's Guildhall, Liverpool Town Hall, (0151 225 5530) was at the centre of the city's trading activity. All of the city's mayors between 1787 and 1807 were involved in the slave trade. Built in 1754, the building's frieze shows African faces, elephants, crocodiles and lions representing Liverpool's African trading links.

Though one of Britain's busiest trading ports, little remains of the Liverpool docks of this time, but the Canning Graving Docks, which remain, were used for fitting out and repairing slave ships in the late 18th century.

North West merchant houses

Grand properties were built by successful plantation owners far away from Liverpool where their fortunes were made.

Whernside Manor, Dent, Sedbergh, Cumbria (01539 625213) is currently a hotel but was the country home of the Sill family from Liverpool whose wealth came from Jamaican plantations. Speke Hall, The Walk, Liverpool (National Trust 0151 427 7231) was the home of Richard Watt,a Liverpool merchant who had made his fortune from sugar plantations in Jamaica. He bought the house and its 2,400 acre estate for £73,500 in 1795. Storrs Hall, Windermere, Cumbria (015394 47111), now also a hotel, was acquired in 1806 by John Bolton, a Cumbrian who made his fortune as a Liverpool slave trader, with plantations in St Vincent and St Lucia.

A question mark hangs over the wreck of the 'Douro', a Liverpool ship wrecked and sunk beneath the seas at Round Rock, Isles of Scilly in 1843, 36 years after British ships were banned from the slave trade.  Said to be heading to Portugal when it went down with a cargo of textiles and munitions, divers have found large numbers of glass beads and manillas, bronze bracelet-shaped trading tokens, on the wreck. These had a long history as currency used to trade for slaves in West Africa.

Was the Douro involved in illegal slaving or carrying supplies for the banned trade? The market for slaves did not disappear with abolition in Britain, and so traders continued to meet demand in places like Brazil and Cuba. To combat illegal slave trading the British Navy organised anti-slavery patrols off the West African coast between 1815 and 1865 when they seized many vessels.

North West

In the course of the 18th century, Lancaster and Whitehaven slaveships carried in excess of 29,000 and 14,000 slaves, respectively, out of Africa. Though overshadowed by Liverpool, London and Bristol, these statistics put them at the forefront of smaller operators. Between 1750 and 1775 ships made 100 voyages to the African coast from St Georges Quay, Lancaster, where Kevin Dalton Johnson's 'Captured Africans Sculpture', unveiled in 2005, is now a memorial to this history. Whitehaven ships accounted for nearly 60 further slaving voyages.

Yorkshire

Henry Lascelles (1690-1753) was a banker and sugar importer who held shares in 21 ships involved in the slave trade between Barbados and Africa. He bought land in Yorkshire with the fortune he had amassed and in 1759 his son Edwin Lascelles, Baron Harewood (1712-95), laid the foundation stone of Harewood House, Harewood, Leeds LS17 (0113 218 1010).

West Midlands

The Fitzherbert family, owners of Tissington Hall, Tissington, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, (01335 352200) since the 17th century, married into the Perrin family, who owned four plantations in Jamaica, producing sugar and coffee from the second half of the 18th century. These came to be owned and managed from Tissington Hall. At the same time, reflecting the growing divisions on the slavery issue, John Alleyne, one of the barristers supporting the case of escaped slave James Somerset, was also related to the Fitzherberts by marriage. Alleyne had turned against his own family's business in Barbados and worked with Granville Sharpe in the abolition cause.

The Slave Trade and Plantation Wealth | English Heritage

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Deu. 28:45 Moreover all these curses shall come upon thee, and shall pursue thee, and overtake thee, till thou be destroyed; because thou hearkenedst not unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to keep his commandments and his statutes which he commanded thee:

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Britannica Concise Encyclopedia:

slave trade

Home > Library > Miscellaneous > Britannica Concise Encyclopedia

Capturing, selling, and buying of slaves. Slavery has existed throughout the world from ancient times, and trading in slaves has been equally universal. Slaves were taken from the Slavs and Iranians from antiquity to the 19th century, from the sub-Saharan Africans from the 1st century AD to the mid-20th century, and from the Germanic, Celtic, and Romance peoples during the Viking era. Elaborate trade networks developed: for example, in the 9th and 10th centuries, Vikings might sell East Slavic slaves to Arab and Jewish traders, who would take them to Verdun and León, whence they might be sold throughout Moorish Spain and North Africa. The transatlantic slave trade is perhaps the best-known. In Africa, women and children but not men were wanted as slaves for labour and for lineage incorporation; from c. 1500, captive men were taken to the coast and sold to Europeans. They were then transported to the Caribbean or Brazil, where they were sold at auction and taken throughout the New World. In the 17th and 18th centuries, African slaves were traded in the Caribbean for molasses, which was made into rum in the American colonies and traded back to Africa for more slaves.

For more information on slave trade, visit Britannica.com.

Oxford Dictionary of British History:

slave trade

Home > Library > History, Politics & Society > British History

The slave trade of Great Britain, and those of other European countries, transformed the indigenous African and surpassed the Muslim trades. Britain's became the largest national trade. About 75, 000 Africans were carried in British ships in the 17th cent.; in 1701-1800 the numbers were about 2.5 million out of the6.13 million slaves exported, reflecting the expanding demand from the British plantations, especially the sugar colonies, as well as exports to Spanish America.

The English trade after 1600 was first conducted by monopolistic chartered companies, of which the Guinea Company (1618) lasted until the 1650s. The Royal Adventurers into Africa (1660, 1663) was succeeded by the Royal Africa Company (1672-1752). However, private traders were always active, even before the company's quasi-monopoly was ended in 1698. The trade was viewed as a pillar of the plantations and necessary to economic and commercial expansion.

The trade was critical to the production of major colonial commodities, especially sugar, tobacco, and rice. Its importance for certain British ports is well known. Liverpool's dominance is clear and Liverpudlians were in the forefront of opposition to reform. Figures for 1750-76 suggest 1, 868 ships sailed from there to Africa, 588 from Bristol, and about 260 from London. However, arguments that it provided important investment capital, contributing to the British industrial revolution, are now discounted. See anti-slavery.

Gale Encyclopedia of US History:

Slave Trade

History, Politics & Society > US History Encyclopedia

The widespread enslavement of diverse peoples for economic and political gain has played a fundamental role throughout human history in the development of nations. Ancient Greek and Roman societies operated by using slave labor, as did many European countries in the modern period. As early as the Middle Ages, Mediterranean cities were supplied with "Moorish" black slaves from Muslim countries in North Africa. By comparison, the "slave trade" is a term which has grown to be associated specifically with the "transatlantic" or "triangular" trade that spanned four centuries (roughly between 1518 and 1865), involved three continents (Europe, Africa, and the Americas), and was responsible for human suffering on an unprecedented scale.

Slavery Comes to the New World

African slaves were first brought to the New World shortly after its discovery by Christopher Columbus—legend has it that one slave was included in his original crew—and they could be found on Hispaniola, site of present-day Haiti, as early as 1501. Upon his arrival in the Bahamas, Columbus himself captured seven of the natives for their "education" on his return to Spain. However, the slave trade proper only began in 1518, when the first black cargo direct from Africa landed in the West Indies. The importation of black slaves to work in the Americas was the inspiration of the Spanish bishop, Bartolomé de Las Casas, whose support of black slavery was motivated by "humanitarian" concerns. He argued that the enslavement of Africans and even of some whites—proving that in the early period slavery did not operate according to exclusive racial demarcations—would save the indigenous Amerindian populations, which were not only dying out but engaging in large-scale resistance as they opposed their excessively harsh conditions. As a result, Charles V, then king of Spain, agreed to the asiento or slave trading license (1513), which later represented the most coveted prize in European wars as it gave to those who possessed it a monopoly in slave trafficking.

The widespread expansion of the oceanic slave trade can be attributed to the enormous labor demanded by sugarcane, one of the first and most successful agricultural crops to be cultivated by slaves. The earliest lucrative Spanish sugar plantations were in the Caribbean and West Indies on the islands of Haiti, Cuba, and Jamaica, while Portugal controlled large areas of Brazil. However, Spanish and Portuguese domination of the trade was soon challenged by other Europeans, including the British. One of their earliest adventurers, Sir John Hawkins, undertook his first voyage between 1562 and 1563, and as a direct consequence of his gains was knighted by Elizabeth I. By the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, the Dutch had also secured prominence by founding the Dutch West India Company, taking control of northern Brazil, and conquering the slave-holding fort of Elmina on the West African coast. Among Britain's major slave-trading successes was Barbados (and later Jamaica, seized from Spain), upon which sugar was cultivated by Africans imported by the Royal African Company, founded in 1672 to protect a British monopoly in the trade. Throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Britain's transatlantic slaveholding empire was unrivaled. By using vessels that embarked from the ports of Liverpool, Bristol, and London, Britain traded slaves from diverse areas of the African continent: from Senegambia south to the Gambia River as well as within Sierra Leone (later a settlement of British missionaries), the Gold Coast, the Bight of Benin, and West-Central Africa. The main African tribes associated with the slave trade were the Ibo, Mandingo, Ashanti, Yoruba, and Ewe—and each responded very differently, with various consequences, to white processes of enslavement.

Height and Decline of the Slave Trade

According to Philip Curtin, a recent statistician of the "transatlantic" slave trade, the eighteenth century both represented the height of the trade and also marked the beginnings of its decline. As far as the practice of negotiations between African and European sellers and buyers was concerned, the trade was made possible by "middlemen." These were usually mixed-race in origin or lower-class whites, who traveled deep into the interior and bartered with local African peoples. The sale of weapons in exchange for slaves represented the preferred commodity of Africans, as these were needed to maintain the trade and to protect their communities from raids and incursions by illegal traders and kidnappers (many of them European). The slave trade stimulated divisions within Africa as European rivalry encouraged various nations to enslave, kidnap, or wage war on each other while—as part of its more prolonged legacy—it devastated indigenous populations and economic structures. From a European point of view, it greatly stimulated national wealth and laid the foundations for modern capitalism as, in particular, the financial infrastructures required by the slave trade inaugurated new systems of banking and insurance.

Throughout the period, the slave trade remained closely linked to advances in the sugar plantation system as, for example, major production areas were transferred from offshore African islands to northeastern Brazil by the mid-sixteenth century. As the arrival of the first Africans in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619 attests, slave populations working tobacco crops in the British colonies of Virginia and Maryland, as well as rice plantations in the Carolinas of mainland North America, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, could only be sustained by the transatlantic slave trade.

The major reasons for the need of a trade in slaves on such a scale can be traced to the much smaller populations of the Americas in comparison with those of the Old World. For white immigrants (including paupers, criminals, and some kidnapped children) who arrived in the seventeenth and eighteenth century as indentured servants, the conditions were so harsh that they were unable, and in many cases refused, to fulfill the existing labor market; they frequently opposed the renewal of their contracts or simply died out.

While the first Africans who were imported to the Americas were described somewhat euphemistically as "apprentices for life," as labor demands increased and racist rhetoric became more deeply entrenched in everyday life, they acquired an unambiguous "chattel" status. It was not long before slavery in the Americas operated according to, and was legitimated by, white racist discourses of "natural black inferiority." Proponents of slavery ideology, including such prominent nineteenth-century figures as John C. Calhoun and even Thomas Jefferson, argued that slavery (or the "peculiar institution," as it became known in North America) served a "civilizing" and "christianizing" process (the Portuguese were well known for the baptism of their slaves) by educating the "heathen" and "barbarous" African while instilling both discipline and a religious sensibility. Thus, Europeans and Euro-Americans did not try to impose slavery on the poor, on victims of war, or on those imprisoned for crimes in their own continent. Instead, they undertook extremely expensive and hazardous journeys in merchant ships to buy peoples from the African coast.

In addition to their being subject to racist definitions of cultural differences, Africans were selected for other reasons, including the widespread belief that they were better able to withstand the climate and disease; however, it is unlikely that many Africans outlived Europeans in plantation areas of the Americas. One historian has commented perceptively that the "African slave trade appears rooted as much in cultural perceptions and social norms as in economic and demographic imperatives."

The slave trade's contribution to European and American understanding of Africans as "property" with "no rights that they were bound to respect" left behind a legacy that has continued well into the twentieth century, arguably undergirding the racial politics of the civil rights movement in North America and continuing to shape the contemporary debates concerning reparations for slavery. Despite early problems, the slave trade was enormously financially successful: Britain's colonial status was fueled by wealth from tobacco and sugar plantations in both the West Indies and mainland North America as ports in London, Liverpool, and Bristol prospered, ushering in a modern age dominated by a "plantocracy" of elite slave owners or "absentee" landlords with "interests" (rarely specified) abroad. The later transatlantic slave trade complemented earlier trans-Saharan practices, which had traded primarily in men, by its demographic diversity. European traders preferred male slaves; however, despite popular belief, on the slave ships men were outnumbered by women and children, who were exported in unprecedented numbers and to such an extent that, by the end of the period, the largest numbers of slaves were children. The numbers of human beings involved are staggering: both when considered by themselves and even more so when placed within a context of earlier slave-trading practices. For example, over the course of some twelve centuries, three and a half to four million slaves crossed the Sahara in the trans-Saharan trade of Arabic origins. However, in the transatlantic trade, which lasted less than half that time, a "conservative estimate" (which significantly neglects to consider the recent statistics of Afrocentric historians) suggests that as many as twelve million (ten and a half million surviving) were transported out of Africa between the mid-fourteenth century and 1867, when a final slave ship arrived in Cuba with its human cargo (it is likely that the last cargoes landed as lately as 1880).

Statistics are almost impossible to verify but research suggests that, by the early nineteenth century, for every European who crossed the Atlantic, two Africans were exported. Approximately one-half of the total number of Africans shipped in the eighteenth century, and onequarter in the nineteenth, was sent to the Americas. A little-discussed subject concerns the mortality rate among slaves (for which statistics are not known) who died in the African interior. By far the greatest "bulk" of captives for sale had traveled far across the continent, in some cases as many as "a thousand miles," previous to their departure at the Atlantic coast.

European Character and Intervention

The slave trade was primarily European in character, as among those profiting in the trade were Spain, Portugal, Britain, France, and Holland; they were later seconded by Swedish, Danish, and North American participants. Much earlier—in the thirteenth century—Italy had also played an important role in the human trade; bronze sculptures dating from the medieval period and representing shackled Africans can still be found in Venice. While slavery did exist in Africa before 1400 (slaves were traded largely as the result of internal raids and wars for "domestic" purposes), European intervention changed the face of indigenous slavery as it became systematized and organized to a previously unimaginable extent. The slave trade was operated internationally and combined the economic interests of the Americas, Britain, and continental Europe as it simultaneously exacerbated and contributed to the impoverishment of western Africa. European dominance in the slave trade also encouraged slavery within Africa itself—especially the enslavement of women—and fomented dissensions across and within different African societies while stimulating war and kidnapping between various traders as they represented conflicting national interests.

European intervention into African slavery revolutionized existing systems and internal trading patterns as slave ships participated in the "triangular" trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Slave captains took manufactured goods (rum, textiles, weapons) to Africa, which they exchanged for slaves whom they then sold in the Americas in return for raw materials such as sugar, tobacco, and later cotton, which they then brought back to Europe, completing the triangle. In the early period of the slave trade, Europeans built medieval forts such as Elmina Castle, a Portuguese stronghold that later fell to the British and that survived as a tourist attraction until the twenty-first century. These castles functioned as "barracoons" where slaves were held under horrendous conditions until they were loaded on ships bound for the Americas. Initially Europeans took slaves to the Iberian Peninsula, Madeira, the Canaries, and São Tomé; they were moved from one part of the African coast to the other before they were transported to the Americas. Throughout a four-hundred-year period, slaves were exported from western Africa to Brazil, the Caribbean Islands, Greater Antilles, and North America. Regardless of the fluctuations in trading routes and agreements throughout this period, one factor remained constant: the cost of slaves increased and profits soared.

What was the likely destination for slaves from Africa who made the transatlantic voyage? Brazil and the Caribbean took as much as 90 percent of the slaves—where upon arrival they underwent a process of "seasoning," which even fewer survived—while the American colonies took as little as 8 percent. Within the Caribbean and Central America, Spain dominated the early trade, while Britain, due to its improvements in maritime technology, gained prominence between the mid-seventeenth and mid-eighteenth centuries. Following the abolition of the slave trade by Britain and the United States in 1807 (full emancipation was not to be awarded in the British colonies until 1834, while the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution abolished slavery much later, in 1863), nine-tenths of slaves were taken to Cuba and Brazil. After the above legislation, many illegal voyages took place with paradoxically greater human suffering, as they were forced to operate clandestinely. By far the most important reason for exporting slaves was sugar cultivation; by comparison, tobacco, rice, coffee growing, and mining for precious metals accounted for less than 20 percent of Africans.

Despite popular opinion, the "booming" production of cotton depended not on the transatlantic slave trade but on the nineteenth-century internal slave trade, which operated from east to west, north to south, and which was made possible only by an expanding black population. This trade brought with it its own horrors, including not only the separation of slave families and suffering under brutal conditions on remote plantations, but also the kidnapping of free blacks into slavery and the wholesale exploitation of the black female slave for "breeding" purposes. In 1790, there were approximately 697,897 slaves in North America as compared to 3,953,760 in 1860, all of whom were indigenous rather than imported.

Continued at the following link: slave trade: Definition from Answers.com

Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/slave-trade#ixzz1Glc4hO1m

Deu. 28:46 And they shall be upon thee for a sign and for a wonder, and upon thy seed for ever.

Deu. 28:47 Because thou servedst not the LORD thy God with joyfulness, and with gladness of heart, for the abundance of all things;

Deu. 28:48 Therefore shalt thou serve thine enemies which the LORD shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things: and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have destroyed thee.

Stock Photography - Chained and yoked slaves on the march to the trading station, 1965

2321781 Image State RM Rights Managed Photograph

*****

ASHKENAZIM ARE NOT SHEMITES

OUT OF UR OF THE CHALDEES

BUT ARE WEALTHY AND POWERFUL EUROPEANS

IN UNION WITH THE UNITED STATES

“The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog,

and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.

And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.

And the sons of Javan; Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim.

By these were the isles of the Gentiles divided in their lands;

every one after his tongue, after their families, in their nations.”

Genesis 10:2 - 5

It is impossible that the Whites who came out of Europe and have taken control of the Land of Israel are the Jews of the Tribe of Judah – UTTERLY IMPOSSIBLE! Deuteronomy 28^th Chapter speaks about a people going into Slavery and Captivity. These people who occupy GOD’s Land of Israel are so powerful that they also control the United States via their representation in the House of Representation, the Senate, and by AIPAC, not to mention their military power in the Middle East. They own diamond minds, run banks, control the movie industry, and are some of the richest people in the world with the biggest bomb in the world, and sadly are only concerned about themselves with their “Never Again” slogan. Hence, nothing in Deuteronomy 28^th Chapter speaks about Europeans except their involvement in the Slave Trade of the Children of Israel. Thus, these White “Jews” are also guilty of indulging themselves in the wealth of free labor at the expense of Blacks out of Africa.

Deu. 28:49 The LORD shall bring a nation against thee from far, from the end of the earth, as swift as the eagle flieth; a nation whose tongue thou shalt not understand;

White Jewish participation

in the trade of buying and selling Blacks out of Africa

“As the profits mounted, the Portuguese elite and the rich put more investments into the trade. It is here that we come across a very touchy issue - the involvement of European Jews in the slave trade.

But as the facts must fall where they may, even Hugh Thomas, one of the greatest Western chroniclers of the slave trade who went to exceptional lengths in his 925-page tome on the slave trade published in November 1997, to disguise the involvement of European Jews in the slave trade, cannot help but say:

"The most important merchant of Portugal concerned in the slave trade in the mid-16th century was Fernando Jimenez who [was] based in Lisbon... Despite his Jewish ancestry, the powerful reforming Pope Sixtus V was so appreciative of his services that he gave him the right to use his own surname, Peretti.

"Jimenez's descendants were among the largest contractors in Africa - above all, eventually, in Angola. The Jimenezes were run close in wealth and influence by another New Christian [an euphemism for a converted Jew or converso], Emmanuel Rodrigues, and his family - including Simon, a dominant figure in the [slave] trade from Cape Verde."

Hugh continues: "Other conversos in the slave trade included Manuel Caldeira, whose great days were in the early 1560s, and who then became chief treasurer of the realm... It is true that much of the slave trade in the 16th and 17th centuries in Lisbon [the glory centuries of the Portuguese slave trade] was financed by converted Jews, New Christians or conversos; though whether such a person is to be seen as a Jew is not something on which I should wish to pronounce."

Who can blame Hugh Thomas? The involvement of European Jews in the slave trade is almost a taboo subject, which only the brave talk and write about…

One of these brave people is Dr Yosef ben-Jochannan, an author of over 30 books. Ben-Jochannan is one of the greatest African-American historical researchers and Egyptologists that ever lived. He is a black Jew whose family root is in Ethiopia. Before October 1935, when Mussolini dropped the bomb and exterminated 4.5 million Ethiopian-Jews, there were 5 million of them in the country.

"Mussolini left us with only 500,000 of our people, and the world said nothing about it," Ben-Jochannan once told a conference in London. "My uncle, Prof Tammarat Emmanuel of Ethiopia's Hebrew Community went to the United States to beg aid from the American Jews against the Italians. They gave him a mere $432 and put him in a boat that took him across the Atlantic and through the Suez Canal!"

Ben-Jochannan is famed for his outspokenness and his original research into matters African. His book, The African Origins of the Major Western Religions is a masterpiece that would win awards anywhere had the subject matter been anything but... despite his Jewish ancestry, Ben-Jochannan minces no words when discussing the involvement of European Jews in the slave trade. "Oh yes, it doesn't stop me from dealing with the fact that European Jews participated fully as Grandees (money changers) and as traders. They traded in Queen Isabella [the Catholic's] jewellery and things like that to get some money for the slave trade! That's history!"

"You can't deny that European Jews were, and are, part of European colonialism and imperialism. Where we made the mistake is to separate the two! European Jews are Europeans. When Europeans move, European Jews also move. They move not because they are Jewish, they move because they are white. They are Europeans, and that is a thing that we must understand, they have played a good game. And nobody wants to deal with the fact that Jews were equally slaveholders as well as Christians…

“Hugh Thomas even adds: "A few of these first sugar mills of Brazil were owned by converted Jews. Let us not exaggerate: Of about 40 mills in the region of Bahia whose owners can be identified in 1590, 12 were apparently New Christians. Yet the Inquisition thought that, in 1618, 20 out of 34 mills were so owned. Some of these individuals were no doubt practising Jews: the Holy Office discovered a synagogue on a plantation on the River Matoim, no distance from Bahia, in the 1590s."

Hugh continues: "The year 1651 also saw the Danes committed to begin an adventure in Guinea which would last over 200 years. The plan was conceived in Gluckstadt, a fortified city of Holstein on the Elbe (then part of Denmark), which had been renowned for its generous reception of Portuguese Jews. These seem to have taken the initiative in launching the Danish African trade, Simon and Henrik de Casseres being the first to receive 'sea passes' to go to trade at Barbados, from the patron of the city, Count Dietrich Reventlow…"

Portugal, the mother of all slavers Part II

European and American Slavers were the worst of them all. The European/American Jews knew well that they had stolen the name of the Black Hebrew Israelites in order to take control of the Land of Israel. Therefore, they wanted the identity of the Black Israelites to be forever hidden. They made sure that all Blacks would become victims of ethnic cleansing and for good reason. Then, after generations of enslavement, their true ethnicity would be completely forgotten and hidden, i.e., so, they thought. They completely disregarded the prophesy, whereby, the GOD of Israel spoke of the return of HIS Chosen/Covenant People, the SEED of Jacob, who are of no relation to the European so-called “Jews”! (See the last section of this publication.)

Deu. 28:50 A nation of fierce countenance, which shall not regard the person of the old, nor shew favour to the young:

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, pp. 283,284

“Very soon after my return to Baltimore, my mistress, Lucretia, died, leaving her husband and one child, Amanda; and in a very short time after her death, Master Andrew died. Now all the property of my old master, slaves included, was in the hands of strangers, - strangers who had had nothing to do with accumulating it. Not a slave was left free. All remained slaves, from the youngest to the oldest.

If any one thing in my experience, more than another, served to deepen my conviction of the infernal character of slavery, and to fill me with unutterable loathing of slaveholders, it was their base ingratitude to my poor old grandmother. She had served my old master faithfully from youth to old age. She had been the source of all his wealth; she had peopled his plantation with slaves; she had become a great grandmother I his service. She had rocked him in infancy, attended him in childhood, served him through life, and at his death wiped from his icy brown the cold death-sweat, and closed his eyes forever. She was nevertheless left a slave – a slave for life – a slave in the hands of strangers; and in their hands she saw her children, her grandchildren, and her great-grandchildren, divided, like so many sheep, without being gratified with the small privilege of a single word, as to their or her own destiny.

And, to cap the climax of their base ingratitude and fiendish barbarity, my grandmother, who was now very old, having outlived my old master and all his children, having seen the beginning and end of all of them, and her present owners finding she was of but little value, her frame already racked with the pains of old age, and complete helplessness fast stealing over her once active limbs, they took her to the woods, built her a little hut, put up a little mud-chimney, and then made her welcome to the privilege of supporting herself there in perfect loneliness; thus virtually turning her out to die! If my poor old grandmother now lives, she lives to suffer in utter loneliness; she lives to remember and mourn over the loss of children, the loss of grandchildren, and the loss of great-grandchildren. They are, in the language of the slave’s poet, Whittier, -

Gone, gone, sold and gone

To the rice swamp dank and lone,

Where the slave-=whip ceaseless swings,

Where the noisome insect stings,

Where the fever-demon strews

Poison with the falling dews,

Where the sickly sunbeams glare

Through the hot and misty air:-

Gone, gone, sold and gone

To the rice swamp dank, and lone,

From Virginia hills and waters-

Woe is me, my stolen daughters

The hearth is desolate. The children, the unconscious children, who once sang and danced in her presence, are gone. She gropes her way, in the darkness of age, for a drink of water. Instead of the voices of her children, she hears by day the moans of the dove, and by night the screams of the hideous owl. All is gloom. The grave is at the door. And now, when weighed down by the pains and aches of old age, when the head inclines to the feet, when the beginning and ending of human existence meet, and helpless infancy and painful old age combine together- at this time, this most needful time, the time for the exercise of that tenderness and affection which children only can exercise towards a declining parent-my poor old grandmother, the devoted mother of twelve children, is left all alone, in yonder little hut, before a few dim embers. She stands-she sits-she staggers-she falls-she groans-she dies-and there are none of her children or grandchildren present, to wipe from her wrinkled brow the cold sweat of death, or to place beneath the sod her fallen remains. Will not a righteous God visit for these things?”

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

Deu. 28:51 - 57 And he shall eat the fruit of thy cattle, and the fruit of thy land, until thou be destroyed: which also shall not leave thee either corn, wine, or oil, or the increase of thy kine, or flocks of thy sheep, until he have destroyed thee. And he shall besiege thee in all thy gates, until thy high and fenced walls come down, wherein thou trustedst, throughout all thy land: and he shall besiege thee in all thy gates throughout all thy land, which the LORD thy God hath given thee. And thou shalt eat the fruit of thine own body, the flesh of thy sons and of thy daughters, which the LORD thy God hath given thee, in the siege, and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemies shall distress thee: So that the man that is tender among you, and very delicate, his eye shall be evil toward his brother, and toward the wife of his bosom, and toward the remnant of his children which he shall leave: So that he will not give to any of them of the flesh of his children whom he shall eat: because he hath nothing left him in the siege, and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemies shall distress thee in all thy gates. The tender and delicate woman among you, which would not adventure to set the sole of her foot upon the ground for delicateness and tenderness, her eye shall be evil toward the husband of her bosom, and toward her son, and toward her daughter, And toward her young one that cometh out from between her feet, and toward her children which she shall bear: for she shall eat them for want of all things secretly in the siege and straitness, wherewith thine enemy shall distress thee in thy gates.

Deu. 28:58 If thou wilt not observe to do all the words of this law that are written in this book, that thou mayest fear this glorious and fearful name, THE LORD THY GOD;

Deu. 28:59 Then the LORD will make thy plagues wonderful, and the plagues of thy seed, even great plagues, and of long continuance, and sore sicknesses, and of long continuance.

…The root problem in black communities across America is race and the unjust distribution of our nation’s wealth, power and resources. One race, the descendents of white Europeans, seemingly has checkmated blacks’ efforts to improve themselves. Whites live in privileged conditions, with nearly 100 percent ownership and control of the nation’s wealth, power, businesses and all levels of government support and resources. White society has a monopoly of ownership and control. Black Labor, White Wealth by Claud Anderson, Ed.D. pp. 10

…In 1841, while Solomon Northrup lamented the terrible conditions of more than four million black slaves, approximately 386,290 quasi-free blacks throughout the North were being subjected to “Jim Crow” practices, a multiplicity of local ordinances and social sanctions that prohibited them from sharing fully in an affluent American society. They were forced to survive in poverty and social decay. In the shadows of the American dream, blacks’ freedom was little more than a cruel and sadistic joke. Black Labor, White Wealth by Claud Anderson, Ed.D. pp. 11

Deu. 28:60,61 Moreover he will bring upon thee all the diseases of Egypt, which thou wast afraid of; and they shall cleave unto thee. Also every sickness, and every plague, which is not written in the book of this law, them will the LORD bring upon thee, until thou be destroyed.

“…If thou wilt diligently hearken to the voice of the LORD thy God, and wilt do that which is right in his sight, and wilt give ear to his commandments, and keep all his statutes, I will put none of these diseases upon thee, which I have brought upon the Egyptians: for I am the LORD that healeth thee.” Exodus 15:27

*****

Common Diseases in African Americans

Krankenhauszimmer image by M. Johannsen from Fotolia.com

Diabetes

overweight woman image by Inger Anne Hulbækdal from Fotolia.com

Hypertension

Coronary Heart Disease

grave marker image by cvrgrl from Fotolia.com

Stroke

Sickle Cell Anemia

HIV/AIDS

By Stella Cernak, eHow Contributor

updated: March 20, 2010

*****

Deu. 28:62 And ye shall be left few in number, whereas ye were as the stars of heaven for multitude; because thou wouldest not obey the voice of the LORD thy God.

Deu. 28:63 And it shall come to pass, that as the LORD rejoiced over you to do you good, and to multiply you; so the LORD will rejoice over you to destroy you, and to bring you to nought; and ye shall be plucked from off the land whither thou goest to possess it.

…One hundred and thirty years after slavery, American society has become more pluralistic and competitive, but blacks’ marginal conditions remain relatively unchanged. In some respects, they have worsened. The socioeconomic inequalities that existed between whites and blacks during and shortly after slavery are now structural.

For example, on the eve of the Civil War, records indicated that more than 50 percent of free blacks were paupers; all free blacks collectively held less than one-half of one percent of the nations’ wealth, with wealth being defined as a great quantity of money or valuable goods or resources within both the private and public sectors. A century later, in the 1960s, an era considered by many as “great decade of progress for blacks,” more than 55 percent of all the blacks in America were still impoverished and below the poverty line. And, blacks barely held one percent of the nation’s wealth. According to the 1990 Census, approximately 40 percent of all black families are receiving public assistance and the number is increasing, with more than 56 percent of all female-headed households beneath the poverty level. Black Labor, White Wealth by Claud Anderson, pp. 13

Deu. 28:64 And the LORD shall scatter thee among all people, from the one end of the earth even unto the other; and there thou shalt serve other gods, which neither thou nor thy fathers have known, even wood and stone.

RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION FOR THE NEGRO

In New England, as elsewhere, the conversion of Negroes did not go unopposed. The argument was familiar: making a Christian of a slave might give him notions of social equality, or might even effect his loss as a servant. But the religious impulse was strong in New England, and the belief that the Negro had a soul to be saved would not be suppressed. In 1674 John Eliot, a friend to the Indian, turned his attention to Negroes, inviting their masters to send them to him once a week for religious instruction. In colonial New England clergyman-scholar Cotton Mather of Boston was the best known of the early advocates of religious instruction for slaves, opening a charity school for Indians and Negroes in 1717. After Mather’s day it became increasingly common for a slave to be baptized and accepted into the church of his master. Ezra Stiles, the scholarly pastor of the Second Congregational Church in Newport (and later president of Yale), gave special instructions to his Negro communicants, as these entries from his diary of 1772 indicate.

[Feb.] 24.Compiling History. In the Evening a very full and serious Meeting of Negroes at my House, perhaps 80 or 90: I discoursed to them on Luke xiv, 16,17,18. “A certain man made – Excuse.” They sang well. They appeared attentive and much affected; and after I had done, many of them came up to me and thanked me, as they said, for taking so much Care of their souls, and hoped they should remember my Counsels. There are six or seven Negroe Communicants in the Baptist Churches in Town, 4 or 5 in the Church of England, seven in my Church and six or seven in Mr. Hopkins’ Church: perhaps 26, and not above 30 professors out of Twelve hundred Negroes in Town.

[July] 10. Reading Origen contra Celsum. I have Eighty Communicants in my Church, of which seven are Negroes. I directed the Negroes to come to me this Evening; when three Negro Brethren and three Negro Sisters met in my Study. I discoursed with them on the great Things of the divine Life and eternal Salvation – counseling and encouraging and earnestly pressing upon them to make their Calling and Election sure, and to walk worthy of their holy profession, and especially to maintain a daily Intercourse with heaven in holy duties and divine Contemplation on the Love of Christ. Then we all fell upon our Knees together, and I poured our fervent Supplications at the Throne of Grace imploring the divine Blessing upon us, and commending ourselves to the holy Keeping of the Most High. We seemed to have the delightful presence of Jesus. The Black American A Documentary History Third Edition by Leslie H. Fishel, Jr. and Benjamin Quarles, pp. 36

A SLAVE CATECHSM

Control of the slave was exercised through religion, whether encouraged as a type of escape from the trouble of the world or used as a form of indoctrination. The all-slave church gave birth to the spirituals with their apparent emphasis on a promised land in the hereafter. The spirituals, however, may not have been so “otherworldly” as, at first blush, they sounded. They were susceptible of double meanings, and undoubtedly many slaves interpreted the language of the spirituals in a manner unsuspected by white listeners. In slave-attended churches with white pastors, a special catechism, of which the following is an example, was prepared for the darker brother.

Q. Who keeps the snakes and all bad things from hurting you?

A. God does.

Q. Who gave you a master and a mistress?

A. God gave them to me.

Q. Who says that you must obey them?

A. God says that I must.

Q. What book tells you these things?

A. The Bible.

Q. How does God do all his work?

A. He always does it right.

Q. Does God love to work?

A. Yes, God is always at work.

Q. Do the angels work?

A. Yes, they do what God tells them.

Q. Do they love to work?

A. Yes, they love to please God.

Q. What does God say about your work?

A. He that will not work shall not eat.

Q. Did Adam and Eve have to work?

A. Yes, they had to keep the garden.

Q. Was it hard to keep that garden?

A. No, it was very easy.

Q. What makes the crops so hard to grow now?

A. Sin makes it.

Q. What makes you lazy?

A. My wicked heart.

Q. How do you know your heart is wicked?

A. I feel it every day.

Q. Who teaches you so many wicked things?

A. The Devil.

Q. Must you let the Devil teach you?

A. No, I must not.

Frederick Douglass’ Paper, June 2, 1854, from the Southern Episcopalian, Charleston, S.C. April 1854

The Black American A Documentary History Third Edition by Leslie H. Fishel, Jr. and Benjamin Quarles, pp. 114

*****

Converting African American Slaves to Christianity

Ohio22, Yahoo! Contributor Network

May 6, 2008 "Contribute content like this. Start Here."

• More:
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By 1810 Slave trade to the United States had for the most part stopped and the African American slave population began to increase naturally. This allowed slaves to adopt their own religious practices which were authentically "African-American". Noticing the opportunity to gain a large amount of new members, Southern clergymen began to try and convert slaves to Christianity using various tactics.

One way religious leaders attempted to convert slaves was to preach a message that all slaves wanted to hear. This message was that all Christians were equal in the eyes of God. Hearing this gave the slaves hope and a reason to live. When they felt unloved and hated by their masters it helped to know that someone bigger than them all loved them and cared for them.

Another tactic to convert slaves was to hold services similar to those the slaves held themselves. These services often times involved enthusiastic singing, clapping, dancing, and even spirit-possession. Not having to change their style of worship made the African-Americans more comfortable attending Christian services.

Despite these appeals to the slaves, many white slave owners forced their slaves to attend white controlled churches because they afraid that if the slaves worshipped on their own they would be more likely to rebel. Slaves did not like these white churches because they promoted obedience to their owners which slaves considered a contradiction to the messages of equality and liberation they were being told.

On some plantations where slaves were forced to attend white services they began to secretly practice their own forms of Christianity, an action that would not be tolerated if the white slave owners found out. The slaves used secret signals and other hidden forms of communication to inform each other about upcoming meetings. These secret meeting became known as "hush harbors". These meetings often times included church, psychological refuge from the toils of slavery, and organization for rebellions. For many of the slaves, these meeting were one of the few times they felt hope and meaning during their enslavement.

One contradiction to the slave's cause in the Christian bible was a quote that read "Slaves, obey your earthly masters with respect and fear." Although this seemed to ruin the slave's chances of freedom another quote said "And masters, treat your slaves in the same way. Do not threaten them, since you know that he who is both your Master and theirs is in heaven and there is no favoritism with him." This at least promised the slaves good treatment while in slavery.

Obviously the slaves were eventually freed. With this freedom, the slaves had an opportunity to freely choose a religion. Many of them continued on with the Christianity they had learned while enslaved. Today more than 90% of African-Americans who attend church attend one of seven black dominated Christian denominations.

Converting African American Slaves to Christianity - Associated ...

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After the horrendous sea voyage from Africa, slaves were separated and placed on plantations in the West Indies. These slaves, already disoriented, were now forced into a brutal life of labor and surveillance. Day after day, the Africans cultivated crops, tended to animals, and served their "owners" in any way possible. Sixteen to eighteen hours of work was the norm on most West Indian plantations, and during the season of sugarcane harvest, most slaves only got four hours of sleep. The punishment for disobeying an order was far worse than just accepting what was asked. This treatment of the slaves created anger and hatred towards the white plantation owners, feelings that the slaves could vent in only one way: resistance. Yet for resistance to succeed, the slaves needed to share some common values. Those slaves who were able to convert to Christianity were able to create such a bond through a common religion. In turn, this unity served as a way to resist the atrocities the plantation owners imposed on them. Thus, for many slaves, Christianization served as a means of resistance throughout the period of the slave trade.

Before the establishment of Christianity in the West Indies, slaves looked to their own system of belief, brought from their individual African tribal communities. The African religions were religions of spirit, not of doctrine. At the same time, most African religions believed in the existence of one supreme god. This belief, shared with Christianity, made it easier for Africans to understand the Christian religion. African religious beliefs held that spirits of ancestors and natural phenomena immediately affected people’s lives. Their religion saw man himself as, essentially, a spirit. Death rites were important to ascertain that the spirit of the departed remained benign rather than hostile to those left behind. However, African religions did not offer an idea of heaven, and this too attracted many slaves towards Christianity. For many, heaven promised a reward for suffering in the physical world.

While some West Indian slaves opposed European Christianity, many more would eventually come to adopt and adapt at least some of its elements. Missionaries from the Moravians, the Baptists, and the Methodists all engaged in the process of Christianization in the West Indies. By the middle of the eighteenth century, Moravian chapels and mission houses were in populated areas of many of the British-controlled islands. Missionaries argued to planters that slaves needed religion and that planters too would benefit from the conversion.

However, many planters felt that the conversion of their slaves would jeopardize their own position of power. Richard Ligon’s firsthand account of planter life in the West Indies reveals evidence of this feeling as early as the mid-eighteenth century. His account, A True and Exact History of the island of Barbados, contains a passage where Ligon is speaking to a planter about his wishes to convert one of the planters slaves (Sambo) to Christianity.

"I promised to do my best endeavor; and when I came home, spoke to the master of the plantation, and told him, that poor Sambo desired much to be a Christian. But his answer was, ‘The people of the island are governed by the laws of England, and by those laws, we could not make a Christian a slave. I told him, ‘My request was far different from that, for I desired to make a slave a Christian.’ His answer was, ‘That it was true, There was a great difference in that,’: But, being once a Christian, he could no more account him a slave, and so lose the hold they had of them as slaves, by making them Christians; and by that means should open such a gap, as all the planters in the island would curse him. So I was struck mute, and poor Sambo kept out of the Church."

The planters who opposed the conversion of their slaves feared the possibilities of a Christianized slave, and resented the idea of sharing their religion with a heathen. During the era of the slave trade, many whites claimed that slaves were not capable of understanding Christianity. However, many were afraid that if their slaves received education they would demand their rights as human beings. For slaves to be kept in bondage, they needed to be kept in ignorance. And so, many planters believed that the teaching of Christianity would undermine the whole institution of slavery. The planters who were cruel and barbarous towards their slaves feared conversion the most. They feared the vengeance of their slaves if a revolt were to take place. Those who lived in the West Indies had witnessed the Haitian Revolution where the white French population on the island had been wiped out by rebelling blacks. The planters feared that this could happen on their island if slaves were given the notion of equality through religion, or the promise that eternal life awaited those martyred to the cause of freedom and equality on earth.

Many planters who opposed conversion also did so because they resented missionaries. Christianized slaves sometimes looked to white missionaries for protection when their master was angry with them. Female slaves in particular faced sexual advances from their masters. Those who had internalized European Christianity’s ideas about sexual purity now had another reason to reject such advances, even at the risk of infuriating violent white men. Often, females would seek the support of the missionaries and some preachers in turn denounced the planter, sometimes publicly, as a sinner and a rapist. This sort of activity brought violence down on some missions. Notable islands where persecutions of missions and Christianized slaves occurred include Dutch St. Eustatius and British St. Vincent. Both islands suffered for many years and the violence there included public floggings and hanging of converted slaves.

To see what Christianization offered through the eyes of a slave gives a completely different perspective. The slaves were religious people before Christianity came to the West Indies. Many practiced tribal African religions, and two slave religions—Obeah and Myalism—were formed in the islands. On many plantations, slaves were not allowed to practice these religions, and they were severely punished if they were caught. Therefore, it was common for religion to be practiced in seclusion, away from the master and outsiders.

When Christianity arrived in the West Indies, the most striking similarity between the native African religions and Christianity was the belief in a single higher divine presence. This monotheistic belief made it easier for slaves to relate to the Christian religion. One might argue that by converting to Christianity, slaves would be giving up a piece of their identity from Africa, but many slaves favored converting to Christianity, and for many reasons. The fact that slaves could become educated in the process of converting, especially to Protestant sects, was extremely enticing. This way they could separate themselves from other slaves and hope to accomplish more than just field work.

Through conversion, enslaved Africans could take a step toward various kinds of equality. The most important aspect of Christianity for slaves was the promise of heaven. This idea preached the notion that for all the suffering that is done in the physical world, your soul will be preserved and experience a hardship-free spiritual life. What this did for the slaves was give them hope for the future. The converted slaves’ belief in heaven allowed some to passively resist their master and focus on the afterlife. All of the master's beatings and lashings meant nothing for in heaven the slave would be rewarded and the master would be punished. In the end, the conversion to Christianity offered more positives than negatives for the West Indian slave. Perhaps the most important contribution of the Christianization of West Indian slaves was its role as a catalyst for abolishing the slave trade. Perhaps no other event in Caribbean history can compare in the contributions that Christianization brought to the culture and the people of the West Indies. This led to an "Africanization" of Christianity that is still prevalent in the culture of the Caribbean. Not only did Christianity leave its mark on the slaves, but the slaves left their mark on Christianity.

Bisnauth, D.A. History of Religions in the Caribbean. Kingston. Kingston Pub. Ltd. 1989.

Gordon, Shirley. God Almighty Make Me Free. Bloomington. Indiana University Press. 1979.

Ligon, Richard. A True and Exact History of the Island of Barbados. 1673.

Caldecott, Alfred. The Church in the West Indies. New York. Young&Co. 1898.

Walker, F. The Call of the West Indies. London. Cargate Press. 1933.

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RELIGION AND SLAVERY

The official position of the Congregational and the Episcopal churches in 18th century Connecticut encouraged the education of slaves in order to teach them to read the Bible and prepare for conversion to Christianity. This mission, understood as a religious duty for members of the church, applied to the education and conversion of “Indians and Negroes”, enslaved and free, particularly after it was agreed in 1729 that conversion did not make slaves free. The Episcopal Church, for example, sent out 10,000 circulars on the religious importance of teaching and converting slaves, along with teachers and Bibles for the purpose. Theodore Morris, who preached in Derby and Waterbury, reported that he had baptized two adult Negroes. In 1738, the General Assembly in Connecticut authorized the baptism of infant slaves.

Once admitted into the church, African Americans took part in all church services, but did not vote on church discipline after 1743 in the Congregational Churches. Segregation in church seating and in burial sites within graveyards was practiced in some communities, partly out of racial prejudice and partly out of financial status.

In Waterbury, slave owners were prominent members of both the Congregational and Episcopal churches; nearly all of the ministers and several deacons owned slaves. The Congregational Church was the first church in Waterbury and was the only church until 1740, when Waterbury's Episcopal Church was founded. Relations between members of the two churches were generally amicable; during the 1750s, the wives of the two ministers were sisters. During the Revolutionary War, members of the Episcopal church sided with England, creating a fair amount of strife in the town; following the war, several Waterbury Episcopalians moved to Canada.

The Congregational Church

Mattatuck Historical Society

Religion and Slavery

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Christian imperialism and the transatlantic slave trade.(Cutting Edge)

Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion

| March 22, 2008 | Cannon, Katie Geneva |

The transatlantic trade in Africans was founded on Christianity. Religion was key in motivating Prince Henry of Portugal, later called Henry, "the Navigator" (1394-1460), to put in motion Europe's aggressive and ruthless expeditions to Africa. Henry was not only the governor of Algrave Province, who managed a large economic infrastructure based on the unbridled grasp of enormous wealth from trans-Saharan commerce, but he was also the administrator of the Order of Christ, the Portuguese successor to the Knights Templar, a famous Western military order founded in the aftermath of the First Crusade at Clermont on November 27, 1095. (1) As one of the best fighting units, the Soldiers of Christ prompted a series of striking maritime exploits, ensuring the safety of Europeans who made pilgrimages to Jerusalem.

It is important to note that during this historical period, the feudal states of European countries were just beginning to unite and major religious wars were being fought between Christians and Muslims, especially the Moors in Morocco. Henry trained men to sail from Portugal, down the west coast of Africa in search of the limits to the Muslim world, in order to halt the Islamization of West Africa and to accelerate the spread of Christianity. In order to further God's intentions for humankind, Ogbu Kalu contends that within the context of religious logic, papal bulls offered rights of patronage to Henry, authorizing him to appoint clerical orders for evangelization and to fend off competing European interests. (2) According to Peter Russell, Henry the Navigator considered conversion and enslavement as interchangeable terms, experiencing no cognitive dissonance in using Christianity as a civilizing agent for making converts into slaves. (3) In "Christianity: Missionaries in Africa," Modupe Labode sums it up this way:

 
 The case of the Portuguese exemplifies the close relationship 
 between Crown and Church. In the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), the 
 pope recognized Portuguese claims to Africa. The Crown was also 
 responsible for attempting to convert the indigenous people to 
 Christianity. Much of the missionary effort over the next two and 
 half centuries was conducted under Portuguese authority. The vast 
 majority of the missionaries at this time were Roman Catholic 
 priests, many of them belonged to religious orders such as the 
 Jesuits, Capuchins, and Franciscans. (4) 

Being that Prince Henry's administration is a hallmark of the rise of globalized imperialistic voyages of captivity--aided by an unholy alliance of contorted logic, I will briefly elaborate two ethical concepts, namely the missiologic of immminent parousia and the theologic of racialized normativity, embedded within the literature of slavocracy. Obeying the muse, I crafted these two cutting-edge phrases in order to critically interrogate the meaning and consequences of mission when it intersects with parousia and to examine the intricately discursive confluence of theology and race during two epiphenomena--the transatlantic slave trade and colonialism. By reassembling the logic of each concept, I destabilize the purported value-free meanings in our current biblical and theological vocabulary, so that the phrases elaborated in this essay will gain canonicity within the …

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THE “NEW TESTAMENT” SO-CALLED MAN-GOD “SAVIOUR”

“And the LORD spake unto you out of the midst of the fire:

ye heard the voice of the words, but saw no similitude; only ye heard a voice.

“Take ye therefore good heed unto yourselves; for ye saw no manner of similitude on the day that the LORD spake unto you in Horeb out of the midst of the fire: Lest ye corrupt yourselves, and make you a graven image, the similitude of any figure, the likeness of male or female,”

Deuteronomy 4:12,15,16

“To whom will ye liken me, and make me equal, and compare me, that we may be like?

They lavish gold out of the bag, and weigh silver in the balance, and hire a goldsmith;

and he maketh it a god: they fall down, yea, they worship. They bear him upon the shoulder,

they carry him, and set him in his place, and he standeth; from his place shall he not remove:

yea, one shall cry unto him, yet can he not answer, nor save him out of his trouble.

Remember this, and shew yourselves men: bring it again to mind, O ye transgressors.

Remember the former things of old:

for I am God, and there is none else; I am God, and there is none like me,

Declaring the end from the beginning, and from ancient times the things that are not yet done, saying, My counsel shall stand, and I will do all my pleasure:”

Isaiah 46:5 - 10

From the Hebrew Scriptures and documentation in this writing, it has been proven that among the Blacks taken from the shores of Africa were also Israelites. As we have learned, the CREATOR GOD of Israel cast great Judgment upon HIS Chosen People when HE scattered and enslaved them for rejecting HIM and for their worship of false gods.

As we have also learned, the Slave Masters converted the Blacks out of Africa with a religion based on the worship of a mere “man”. This “man”, JC, has done nothing to save anyone, not even those who believe in him, proving himself to be nothing more than a false god. Thus, JC could not remove the curses upon the exiled Israelites, and under these circumstances he could not be a “lord and saviour”, as portrayed.

It is the CREATOR GOD of Israel that has proved to be the ONE and ONLY SAVIOR of this Universe, and the Land of Israel stands Witness to HIS existence, HIS POWER, and HIS promises to the Hebrew Patriarchs to give their SEED the Land of Canaan.

“For I am the LORD thy God, the Holy One of Israel, thy Saviour: I gave Egypt for thy ransom, Ethiopia and Seba for thee.” Isaiah 43:3

“I, even I, am the LORD; and beside me there is no saviour. I have declared, and have saved, and I have shewed, when there was no strange god among you: therefore ye are my witnesses, saith the LORD, that I am God.” Isaiah 43:11,12

“Tell ye, and bring them near; yea, let them take counsel together: who hath declared this from ancient time? who hath told it from that time? have not I the LORD? and there is no God else beside me; a just God and a Saviour; there is none beside me. Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth: for I am God, and there is none else.” Isaiah 45:21,22

“I am the LORD: that is my name: and my glory will I not give to another, neither my praise to graven images. Behold, the former things are come to pass, and new things do I declare: before they spring forth I tell you of them. Sing unto the LORD a new song, and his praise from the end of the earth, ye that go down to the sea, and all that is therein; the isles, and the inhabitants thereof.” Isaiah 42:8 - 10

“Yet I am the LORD thy God from the land of Egypt, and thou shalt know no god but me: for there is no saviour beside me. I did know thee in the wilderness, in the land of great drought.” Hosea 13:4,5

Given two billion Christians who believe in this mere “man”, JC, and pray to him, it would appear that the WORD of GOD proves him and this “New Testament” theology a lie and a fraud.

The following information speaks volumes:

“Yet ye have forsaken me, and served other gods: wherefore I will deliver you no more. Go and cry unto the gods which ye have chosen; let them deliver you in the time of your tribulation.” Judges 10:13,14

Jesus ?

-was born on December 25th.
-was considered a great traveling teacher and master.
-had 12 companions or disciples.
-performed miracles.
-was buried in a tomb.
-after three days he rose again.
-his resurrection was celebrated every year.
-was called “the Good Shepherd.”
-was considered “the Way, the Truth and the Light, the Redeemer, the Savior, the Messiah.”
-was identified with both the Lion and the Lamb.
-his sacred day was Sunday, “the Lord’s Day,”.
-he had his principal festival on what was later to become Easter, at which time he was resurrected.
-his religion had a Eucharist or “Lord’s Supper.”

If you guessed Jesus Christ, well, YOU’D BE WRONG!! HE WAS… MITHRA, a Roman-Persian God who existed hundreds of years before Christ.

("He who will not eat of my body and drink of my blood, so that he will be made on with me and I with him, the same shall not know salvation.” This inscription to Mithras, which parallels John 6:53-54, is inside the Vatican in the tomb of Saint Peter.)

and

- God was his father
- He was born in a cowshed.
- A human woman, a virgin, was his mother.
- His birth was prophesized by a star in the heavens.
- At a marriage ceremony, he performed the miracle of converting water into wine.
- He was powerless to perform miracles in his hometown.
- His followers were born-again through baptism in water.
- He rode triumphantly into a city on a donkey. Tradition records that the inhabitants waved palm leaves.
- He had 12 disciples.
- He was accused of licentious behavior.
- He was killed near the time of the Vernal Equinox, about MAR-21.
- He died “as a sacrifice for the sins of the world.”
- He was hung on a tree, stake, or cross.
- After death, he descended into hell.
- On the third day after his death, he returned to life.
- The cave where he was laid was visited by three of his female followers.
- He later ascended to heaven.
- His titles: God made flesh. Savior of the world Son of God.
- He is “God made man,” and equal to the Father.
- He will return in the last days.
- He will judge the human race at that time.
- Humans are separated from God by original sin. The godman’s sacrificial death reunites the believer with God and atones for the original sin.

Did you guess Jesus Christ? Well, again you’d be WRONG!! HE WAS… OSIRIS-DIONYSUS, an Egyptian God that existed thousands of years before Christ allegedly came around

face facts - jesus died. the only way he rose to heaven is if ‘aliens ‘ took him.

http://www.truthdig.com/eartotheground/item/20070225_cameron_finds_jesus/

Shouldn’t JC have known that GOD’s Kingdom WAS NOT at hand (Matthew 4:17)? And since he didn’t, if nothing else does, doesn’t that make him a fraud?

*****

The Atlantic Slave Trade

The Bible and slavery

The Bible contains references to slavery ©

Like most holy books, the Bible can be used to support particular viewpoints, and slavery is no exception. There are numerous references to slavery in the Bible which can be interpreted to condemn or condone this practice, and even those verses which appear unambiguous, are far from clear when scrutinised.

For instance, scriptural passages from the Old Testament books of Exodus, Leviticus and Deuteronomy which appear to denounce slavery actually condemn enslavement in certain circumstances rather than slavery in general. On the other hand, although St Paul's New Testament epistles fail to condemn slavery, they argue that slaves must be treated fairly as 'brethren'.

Out of Africa

Historical records show that Islam and Christianity played an important role in enslavement in Africa. The Arab-controlled Trans-Saharan slave trade helped to institutionalise slave trading on the continent. And during the 'age of expedition', European Christians witnessed caravans loaded with Africans en-route to the Middle East. Others arriving much later in West Africa observed slavery in African societies, leading them to assume that African enslavement was intrinsic to the continent.

For many of these early European explorers, the Bible was not only regarded as infallible, it was also their primary reference tool and those looking for answers to explain differences in ethnicity, culture, and slavery, found them in Genesis 9: 24-27, which appeared to suggest that it was all a result of 'sin'.

In the Genesis passage, Africans were said to be the descendants of Ham, the son of Noah, who was cursed by his father after looking at his naked form. Moreover, in Genesis 10, the 'Table of Nations' describes the origins of the different 'races' and reveals that one of the descendants of Ham is 'Cush' - Cush and the 'Cushites' were people associated with the Nile region of North Africa.

In time, the connection Europeans made between sin, slavery, skin colour and beliefs would condemn Africans. In the Bible, physical or spiritual slavery is often a consequence of sinful actions, while darkness is associated with evil. Moreover, the Africans were subsequently considered 'heathens' bereft of Christianity, although scholars now suggest that Christianity reached Africa as early as the early 2nd century AD and that the Christian communities in North Africa were among the first in the world. However, Europeans doubtlessly refused to acknowledge the relevance of African Christianity as it appeared irreconcilable with the continent's cultural surroundings.

Religion as justification

The emergence of colonies in the Americas and the need to find labourers saw Europeans turn their attention to Africa with some arguing that the Transatlantic Slave Trade would enable Africans, especially the 'Mohammedans', to come into contact with Christianity and 'civilisation' in the Americas, albeit as slaves. It was even argued that the favourable trade winds from Africa to the Americas were evidence of this providential design.

Religion was also a driving force during slavery in the Americas. Once they arrived at their new locales the enslaved Africans were subjected to various processes to make them more compliant, and Christianity formed part of this. Ironically, although the assertion of evangelisation was one of the justifications for enslaving Africans, very little missionary work actually took place during the early years. In short, religion got in the way of a moneymaking venture by taking Africans away from their work. It also taught them potentially subversive ideas and made it hard to justify the cruel mistreatment of fellow Christians.

However, some clergy tried to push the idea that it was possible to be a 'good slave and Christian' and pointed to St Paul's epistles, which called for slaves to 'obey their masters', and St Peter's letters (1 Peter 2: 18-25), which appeared to suggest that it was wholly commendable for Christian slaves to suffer at the hands of cruel masters.

Atlantic slave trade and abolition

By Richard Reddie

Last updated 2007-01-29

***

In regard to the above article, it should be duly noted that the reference to “Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren” (Genesis 9:25), has nothing to do with GOD’s curses upon the Children of Israel in Deuteronomy 28^th Chapter. Canaan is of the SEED of Ham. The Children of Israel are of the SEED of Shem. Although both groups were cursed, it was for two entirely different reasons.

Also, I would like to add that while many powerful nations did enslave Blacks, Israelites and Hamites, none enslavement has been worse than the atrocities and cruelty as was that of the White Slavers. Because of the European Slave Masters, Slaves were ethnically cleansed of their language, culture, and religion. Tziona Yisrael, author of this document.

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Religion
By: Kimberly Sambol-Tosco

At the beginning of the transatlantic slave trade, African religious beliefs and practices were numerous and varied. In addition to a wide variety of polytheistic religions, a significant portion of the continent had for centuries fallen under Islamic influence. Despite this diversity, there were some common threads across cultural groups. For instance, West African societies, the largest source for American slaves, shared a belief in a Supreme Creator, a chief deity among lesser gods, to whom they prayed and made sacrifices. Through laws and customs honoring the gods, the ancestors of one's people, and the elderly, West Africans sought a harmonious balance between the natural and spiritual worlds. Further, they made music and dance vital components of their worship practices. Enslaved men and women kept the rites, rituals, and cosmologies of Africa alive in America through stories, healing arts, song, and other forms of cultural expression, creating a spiritual space apart from the white European world.

Africans and African descendents working in the early modern Atlantic commercial system were exposed to the world of European Christianity as early as the fifteenth century, when Portuguese missionaries came to the coasts. In 1667 Virginia passed a law declaring that conversion did not change the status of a person from slave to free. Other colonies passed similar laws during the seventeenth and early eighteenth of Africa. Some slaves, therefore, brought Christian beliefs with them when they were thrust into slavery. Others converted in America. During the seventeenth century blacks in the Dutch New Netherlands and Spanish Florida baptized their children and were married by the church. In part, this participation in the dominant European religion reflected (and helped to bring about) a colonial society in which blacks were more fully integrated and enjoyed greater rights than later generations of slaves would.

"Doop-Boeck" -- BAPTISMS FROM 1639 TO 1697 IN THE REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH, New York. Archives of the Collegiate Church of the City of New York.

However, slaves also saw conversion to Christianity as a road to freedom. In the early years of settlement, for instance, fugitive slaves from South Carolina, headed for Florida, where the Spanish Crown promised them freedom as a reward for conversion. Slaveholders in the British North American colonies became increasingly fearful that Christianization of slaves would lead to demands for emancipation centuries.

During the early eighteenth century Anglican missionaries attempting to bring Christianity to slaves in the Southern colonies often found themselves butting up against not only uncooperative masters, but also resistant slaves. An unquestionable obstacle to the acceptance of Christianity among slaves was their desire to continue to adhere as much as possible to the religious beliefs and rituals of their African ancestors. Missionaries working in the South were especially displeased with slave retention of African practices such as polygamy and what they called idolatrous dancing. In fact, even blacks who embraced Christianity in America did not completely abandon Old World religion. Instead, they engaged in syncretism, blending Christian influences with traditional African rites and beliefs.

	Button inscribed with a spiritual symbol. Levi Jordan Plantation, Brazoria, Texas. Courtesy of Dr. Kenneth Brown.

Symbols and objects, such as crosses, were conflated with charms carried by Africans to ward off evil spirits. Christ was interpreted as a healer similar to the priests of Africa. In the New World, fusions of African spirituality and Christianity led to distinct new practices among slave populations, including voodoo or vodun in Haiti and Spanish Louisiana. Although African religious influences were also important among Northern blacks, exposure to Old World religions was more intense in the South, where the density of the black population was greater.

As late as 1800 most slaves in the U.S. had not been converted to Christianity. In the years that followed, however, widespread Protestant Evangelicalism, emphasizing individual freedom and direct communication with God, brought about the first large-scale conversion of enslaved men and women.

African-American Church. Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division.

At first, itinerant ministers, captivating large audiences at revivals and camp meetings across the North and South during the middle part of the century, reached only a small percentage of the slave population with their calls to Christianity. Larger numbers of black men and women were converted during the resurgence and intensification of revivalism during the Second Great Awakening of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. At that time, Baptist and Methodist ministers appealed to the slave and free black populations, preaching a plain-styled message of hope and redemption while also catering to manners of worship that African men and women carried with them to America, including spirit possession, call-and-response singing, shouting, and dancing.

Whereas an earlier generation of evangelical preachers had opposed slavery in the South during the early nineteenth century, Protestant clergymen began to defend the institution, invoking a Christian hierarchy in which slaves were bound to obey their masters. For many slaveholders, this outlook not only made evangelical Christianity more palatable, but also provided a strong argument for converting slaves and establishing biracial churches.

	Revival Meeting. Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division.

Even so, with much of the religious life of the slave community existing as an "invisible institution," beyond the purview of whites or formal churches, white control over African-American religious practices and spiritual beliefs was limited. Slave preachers might emphasize the need for obedience to the master while whites were present, but among other slaves they reformulated their teachings, emphasizing themes of suffering and redemption. Slaves sang spirituals filled with lyrics about salvation and references to biblical figures like Moses, who led his people to freedom. On occasion, these songs functioned even more explicitly as expressions of resistance, encoding messages about secret gatherings or carrying directions for escape.

While some planters became convinced of Christianity as a type of social control, others welcomed ministers to the slave quarters and built plantation chapels out of genuine Christian impulses. Regardless of motives, however, slaveholders remained mindful of the potential subversiveness of religion among slaves. In the 1820s and 1830s, two of the most significant slave rebellions in American history were plotted by Denmark Vesey and Nat Turner, two men driven by religious fire. In 1829, David Walker's inflammatory text, AN APPEAL TO THE COLOURED CITIZENS OF THE WORLD, not only condemned Christians who supported slavery, but also used Christianity as a way to validate slave revolt. In South Carolina, Virginia and throughout the South, these and other events resulted in regulations on black meetings and black preaching without white supervision. Biracial churches also limited the rights of black congregants.

While fear of slave insurrection led to prohibitions on black churches meeting openly in many parts in the South, the black church movement flourished in the North. As members of the Church, blacks were ostensibly the brothers and sisters of whites, equals in the eyes of God. This sentiment was instrumental in helping blacks to gain the right to be ordained as Baptist and Methodist ministers, but it did not prevent discriminatory practice within the church, including segregated seating.

	Reverend Richard Allen. Mooreland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University.

In Philadelphia, blacks established St. Thomas Episcopal Church in 1794 as the culminating response to this type of discrimination. Black churches in the North continued to grow into the nineteenth century, providing for much more than the spiritual needs of the black community. They, aided in the adjustment of new black residents, acted as mediators in the personal lives of blacks, and played a vital role in antislavery activities including the protection of fugitive slaves. Black ministers like Philadelphia's Richard Allen and Absalom Jones and Boston's Thomas Paul were among the strongest leaders in black communities.

During the Antebellum period and after the Civil War, black churches, not just in the North, but throughout the nation, offered African Americans refuge from oppression and focused on the spiritual, secular, and political concerns of the black community. Following emancipation, the church continued to exist at the center of black community life. With freedom, African-Americans rejected the second-class status they had been offered by white co-religionists and withdrew in large numbers from biracial congregations. Aided by the Freedmen's Bureau, freedmen and freedwomen pooled their resources to build greater numbers of independent black churches -- symbols of African-American demands for self-determination.

Kimberly Sambol-Tosco is a graduate student in History at the University of Pennsylvania. Her dissertation will explore the centrality of gender in African-American political identities in the North during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.

*****

OUR PUNISHMENT IS MORE THAN WE CAN BEAR,

AND THE FALSE MAN-GOD AND IMAGES

WE HAVE CHOSEN ARE OF NO AVAIL

“Saying to a stock, Thou art my father; and to a stone,

Thou hast brought me forth: for they have turned their back unto me, and not their face:

but in the time of their trouble they will say, Arise, and save us.

But where are thy gods that thou hast made thee?

let them arise, if they can save thee in the time of thy trouble:

for according to the number of thy cities are thy gods, O Judah.

Wherefore will ye plead with me?

ye all have transgressed against me, saith the LORD.”

Jeremiah 2:27 - 29

“O LORD, why hast thou made us to err from thy ways, and hardened our heart from thy fear? Return for thy servants' sake, the tribes of thine inheritance.

The people of thy holiness have possessed it but a little while:

our adversaries have trodden down thy sanctuary.

We are thine: thou never barest rule over them;

they were not called by thy name.”

Isaiah 63:17 – 19

“For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will cause to cease out of this place in your eyes, and in your days, the voice of mirth, and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom, and the voice of the bride.And it shall come to pass, when thou shalt shew this people all these words, and they shall say unto thee, Wherefore hath the LORD pronounced all this great evil against us? or what is our iniquity? or what is our sin that we have committed against the LORD our God? Then shalt thou say unto them, Because your fathers have forsaken me, saith the LORD, and have walked after other gods, and have served them, and have worshipped them, and have forsaken me, and have not kept my law; And ye have done worse than your fathers; for, behold, ye walk every one after the imagination of his evil heart, that they may not hearken unto me: Therefore will I cast you out of this land into a land that ye know not, neither ye nor your fathers; and there shall ye serve other gods day and night; where I will not shew you favour.” Jeremiah 16:9 – 13

“They are turned back to the iniquities of their forefathers, which refused to hear my words; and they went after other gods to serve them: the house of Israel and the house of Judah have broken my covenant which I made with their fathers. Therefore thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will bring evil upon them, which they shall not be able to escape; and though they shall cry unto me, I will not hearken unto them. Then shall the cities of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem go, and cry unto the gods unto whom they offer incense: but they shall not save them at all in the time of their trouble. For according to the number of thy cities were thy gods, O Judah; and according to the number of the streets of Jerusalem have ye set up altars to thatshameful thing, even altars to burn incense unto Baal. Therefore pray not thou for this people, neither lift up a cry or prayer for them: for I will not hear them in the time that they cry unto me for their trouble.” Jeremiah 11:10 – 14

“Our fathers have sinned, and are not; and we have borne their iniquities. Servants have ruled over us: there is none that doth deliver us out of their hand.” Lamentations 5:7,8

*****

Deu. 28:65 - 67 And among these nations shalt thou find no ease, neither shall the sole of thy foot have rest: but the LORD shall give thee there a trembling heart, and failing of eyes, and sorrow of mind: And thy life shall hang in doubt before thee; and thou shalt fear day and night, and shalt have none assurance of thy life: In the morning thou shalt say, Would God it were even! and at even thou shalt say, Would God it were morning! for the fear of thine heart wherewith thou shalt fear, and for the sight of thine eyes which thou shalt see.

AN ACT PROHIBITING THE TEACHING OF SLAVES TO READ

To keep the slaves in hand it was deemed necessary to keep them innocent of the printed page. Otherwise they might read abolitionist news papers that were smuggled in, become dissatisfied, forge passes, or simply know too much. Hence most states passed laws prohibiting anyone from teaching slaves to read or write. The North Carolina statute was typical.

AN ACT TO PREVENT ALL PERSONS FROM TEACHING SLAVES

TO READ OR WRITE, THE USE OF FIGURES EXCEPTED.

Whereas the teaching of slaves to read and write, has a tendency to excite dissatisfaction in their minds, and to produce insurrection and rebellion, to the manifest injury of the citizens of this State:

Therefore,

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of North Carolina, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same. That any free person, who shall hereafter teach, or attempt to teach, any slave within the State to read or write, the use of figures excepted, or shall give or sell to such slave or slaves any books or pamphlets, shall be liable to indictment in any court of record in this State having jurisdiction thereof, and upon conviction, shall, at the discretion of the court, if a white ma or woman, be fined not less than one hundred dollars, nor more than two hundred dollars, or imprisoned; and if a free person of color, shall be fined, imprisoned, or whipped, at the discretion of the court, not exceeding thirty nine lashes, nor less than twenty lashes.

II.Be it further enacted, That if any slave shall hereafter teach, or attempt to teach, any other slave to read or write, the use of figures excepted, he or she may be carried before any justice of the peace, and on conviction thereof, shall be sentenced to receive thirty nine lashes on his or her bare back

III.Be it further enacted, That the judges of the Superior Courts and the justices of the County Courts shall give this act in charge to the grand juries of their respective counties.

Acts Passed by the General Assembly of the State of North Carolina at the session of 1830 – 1831 (Raleigh, 1831, 11.

The Black American A Documentary History Third Edition by Leslie H. Fishel, Jr. and Benjamin Quarles, pp. 115

Deu. 28:68 And the LORD shall bring thee into Egypt again with ships, by the way whereof I spake unto thee, Thou shalt see it no more again: and there ye shall be sold unto your enemies for bondmen and bondwomen, and no man shall buy you.

*****

ABRAHAM LINCOLN DID NOT FREE THE SLAVES,

HE ENDED SLAVERY, BUT HE DID NOT END CAPTIVITY

AND

HE DID NOT END DISCRIMINATION, PREJUDICE, DOUBLE STANDARDS,

RACIAL PROFILING, INEQUALITY, OR RACE HATRED!

******

Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)

Abraham Lincoln - June 16, 1858

The average American today would declare Abraham Lincoln as the greatest U.S. president. However, if you would go back almost 150 years ago, Lincoln’s popularity among the citizens of the United States would be very low in the polls. When he was elected President in 1860, seven slave states left the Union to form the Confederate States of America. When the hostilities began between the North and South, four additional left the Union. A bloody civil took the lives of more than 600,000 Americans, but Lincoln understood that for the United States to be a perfect union, sacrifices had to be made.

No President in American history ever faced a greater crisis and no President ever accomplished as much. Lincoln understood that for the U.S. to be a great nation, it needed to be united and free from the sins of slavery. A moral nation that boasts life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness for all cannot be masters of human beings. With an iron resolve, patience and careful timing, Lincoln gave back an America that was indeed free and whole.

Born into poverty in a log cabin in Kentucky just short of 200 years ago, Lincoln only had one year of formal education. He taught himself how to read and eventually became a lawyer. Equipped with a quit wit and powerful speaking abilities, masses would come to hear the words of this remarkable man. He entered into the political world and soon became a favorite among Republicans and nominated him as a candidate for president. Through a series of events, a once illiterate individual became the most powerful person in the U.S.

What started as a war to preserve the Union and became a battle to end slavery. In 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, officially ending slavery. Lincoln urged black males to join the Union forces as soldiers and sailors. Nearly two hundred thousand African Americans fought for the Union cause.

The humane character of Lincoln was best demonstrated by his policy of reconciliation with the South, as expressed in his second inaugural address on March 4, 1865. He spoke of “malice toward none" and "charity for all.” A few weeks later death from an assassin’s bullet cut short a great man’s life. Master of combining practical politics with moral principles, in only four years as president he had established why he is one of the few Americans who truly ‘belong to the ages’.

This chapter was taken out of the Immigration Bible by Zila Katz and Esq.Dotan Cohen, Adv.

Facts about Abraham Lincoln – the President Who Put an End to ...

*****

ABRAHAM LINCOLN

1862

Lincoln’s proposal for the emancipation of Washington, D.C. Negroes became law in April. Compensation of not more than $300 was awarded for each slave and $100,000 was provided for the emigration of freedmen to Haiti or Liberia.

In April, Congress passed Roscoe Conkling’s resolution that the U.S. would cooperate with any state adopting a pan of gradual emancipation and compensation.

In May, the House of Representatives failed to pass a law to confiscate and free all slaves belonging to rebels.

President Lincoln, in his public reply to an editorial by Horace Greeley as to the purpose of the war, said, “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slaves I would do it; if I could save it y freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could do it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that.”

The Chronological History of the Negro in America, by Peter M. Bergman pp. 228

*****

Most free blacks at this juncture lived along the docks and wharves and in alleys. Wherever they lived, people wanted them to go away. Time and time again, whites herded blacks into groups and pointed to the city limits. Time and time again, immigrants, fresh from the boats, cracked their skulls and burned their homes and churches. Some whites said openly that the only solution to the “Negro problem” was the “Indian solution”. And Indianian said, “It would be better to kill them off at once, for there is no other way to get rid of them”. He added: “We know how the Puritans did with the Indians, who were infinitely more magnanimous and less impudent than the colored race.” Before the Mayflower A History of Black America by Lerone Bennett, Jr. pp. 181

*****

The Black Codes were regulations written into the State Constitutions that regulated Negro life. Generally they made Negroes subject to virtual slavery if convicted of vagrancy. Children separated from the parents could be made slaves. Negroes could come into court as witnesses only in cases in which Negroes were involved. Access to land was limited, and the right to bear arms was forbidden. Negro employment was limited to contract labor. Some of these Codes were repealed under Northern pressure…

The property provision of the Mississippi Black Codes said that Negroes were forbidden to rent or lease land, except in incorporated towns or cities, in which places the corporate authorities controlled the land.

In a Louisiana Black Code, all agricultural workers were required to make contracts with employers during the first ten days of each January; workers could not leave their employers until the contract expired; refusal to work would be punished by forced labor on public works. The Negro was required to work 10 hours a day in summer and 9 hours a day in winter.

The rules for contracting Negro servants to white masters in a South Carolina Black Code were: Masters were allowed to work servants under 18 “moderately”. Over 18, servants could be whipped on judicial authority. Wages and time period had to be specified in writing… The Chronological History of the Negro in America, by Peter M. Bergman pps. 245,246

*****

BETHINK THE SLAVES FREE AFTER EMANCIPATION?

THINK AGAIN

AND PERISH THE THOUGHT!

*****

IS IT POSSIBLE THAT THE BLACK MAN’s HOPE

WOULD MANIFEST FROM THE WHITE MAN

WHO ENSLAVED AND CONVERTED HIM TO CHRISTIANITY

AND INFLICTED UPON HIM

THE MOST BARBARIC TORMENT KNOWN TO MAN?

*****

LYNCHING, JIM CROW, AND KKK ABOUND

EVEN AFTER SLAVERY…

*****

Who Was Jim Crow?

MORE PICTURES

The name Jim Crow is often used to describe the segregation laws, rules, and customs which arose after Reconstruction ended in 1877 and continued until the mid-1960s. How did the name become associated with these "Black Codes" which took away many of the rights which had been granted to Blacks through the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments?

---

"Come listen all you galls and boys,
I'm going to sing a little song,
My name is Jim Crow.
Weel about and turn about and do jis so,
Eb'ry time I weel about I jump Jim Crow."

These words are from the song, "Jim Crow," as it appeared in sheet music written by Thomas Dartmouth "Daddy" Rice. Rice, a struggling "actor" (he did short solo skits between play scenes) at the Park Theater in New York, happened upon a Black person singing the above song -- some accounts say it was an old Black slave who walked with difficulty, others say it was a ragged Black stable boy. Whether modeled on an old man or a young boy we will never know, however, it is clear that in 1828 Rice appeared on stage as "Jim Crow" -- an exaggerated, highly stereotypical Black character.

Rice, a White man, was one of the first performers to wear blackface makeup -- his skin was darkened with burnt cork. His Jim Crow song-and-dance routine was an astounding success that took him from Louisville to Cincinnati to Pittsburg to Philadelphia and finally to New York in 1832. He then performed to great acclaim in London and Dublin. By then "Jim Crow" was a stock character in minstrel shows, along with counterparts Jim Dandy and Zip Coon. Rice's subsequent blackface characters were Sambos, Coons, and Dandies. White audiences were receptive to the portrayals of Blacks as singing, dancing, grinning fools.

By 1838, the term "Jim Crow" was being used as a collective racial epithet for Blacks, not as offensive as nigger, but as offensive as coon or darkie. Obviously, the popularity of minstrel shows aided the spread of Jim Crow as a racial slur. This use of the term did not last past a half century. By the end of the 19th Century, the words Jim Crow were less likely to be used to derisively describe Blacks; instead, the phrase Jim Crow was being used to describe laws and customs which oppressed Blacks.

The minstrel show was one of the first native forms of American entertainment, and Rice was rightly regarded as the "Father of American minstrelsy." He had many imitators. In 1843, four White men from New York, billed as the "Virginia Minstrels," darkened their faces and imitated the singing and dancing of Blacks. They used violins, castanets, banjos, bones and tambourines. Their routine was successful and they were invited to tour the country. In 1845, the Christy Minstrels (for whom Stephen Foster wrote some of his most popular songs) originated many features of the minstrel show, including the seating of the blackface performers in a semicircle on stage, with the tambourine player (Mr. Tambo) at one end, and the bones player (Mr. Bones) at the other; the singing of songs, called Ethiopian melodies, with harmonized choruses; and the humorous banter of jokes between the endmen and the performer in the middle seat (Mr. Interlocutor). These performers were sometimes called "Ethiopian Delineators" and the shows were popularly referred to as "Coon Shows."

Rice, and his imitators, by their stereotypical depictions of Blacks, helped to popularize the belief that Blacks were lazy, stupid, inherently less human, and unworthy of integration. During the years that Blacks were being victimized by lynch mobs, they were also victimized by the racist caricatures propagated through novels, sheet music, theatrical plays, and minstrel shows. Ironically, years later when Blacks replaced White minstrels, the Blacks also "blackened" their faces, thereby pretending to be Whites pretending to be Blacks. They, too, performed the Coon Shows which dehumanized Blacks and helped establish the desirability of racial segregation.

Daddy Rice, the original Jim Crow, became rich and famous because of his skills as a minstrel. However, he lived an extravagant lifestyle, and when he died in New York on September 19, 1860, he was in poverty.¹

The minstrel shows were popular between 1850 and 1870, but they lost much of their national popularity with the coming of motion pictures and radios. Unfortunately for Blacks, the minstrel shows continued in small towns, and worse, caricatured portrayals of Blacks found greater expression in motion pictures and radios.

© Dr. David Pilgrim, Professor of Sociology

Ferris State University

Sept., 2000

¹ For further information on minstrels please read the following:

Bean, Annemarie, ed. Inside the Minstrel Mask: Readings in Nineteenth-Century Blackface Minstrelsy. Weslyan University Press, 1996.

Cockrell, Dale. Demons of Disorder: Early Blackface Minstrels and Their World. Cambridge Studies in America Theatre and Drama, No 8), 1997.

Levy, Lester S. Picture the Songs: Lithographs from the Sheet Music of Nineteenth-Century America. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1976.

Toll, Robert C. Blacking Up: The Minstrel show in Nineteenth-Century America. Oxford University Press, 1974.

Objectives of the Jim Crow Museum

Contact Dr. David Pilgrim, Curator
pilgrimd@ferris.edu

• Collect, exhibit and preserve objects and collections related to racial segregation, civil rights and anti-Black caricatures.
• Promote the scholarly examination of historical and contemporary expressions of racism.
• Serve as a teaching resource for Ferris State University courses which deal, directly or indirectly, with the issues of race and ethnicity.
• Serve as an educational resource for scholars and teachers at the state, national and international levels.
• Promote racial understanding and healing.
• Serve as a resource for civil rights and human rights organizations.

Selected Videos	JCM Fundraising Video
Why I Collect Racist Objects	Future Home of the JCM
Our Values	Our Vision
About the Museum	FAQ
Who Was Jim Crow?	What Was Jim Crow?
Related Links Other Information	Jezebel Stereotype
Brute Caricature	Mammy Caricature
Picaninny Caricature	Coon Caricature
Tom Caricature	The Tragic Mulatto
Nigger and Caricatures	Golliwog Caricature
Racist Cartoons	New Racist Forms
Sapphire Caricature	Nat Caricature
JCM Virtual Tour	Brothers, and Other Essays

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More Images of Racial Stereotypes:

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"THESE IMAGES FORCE A PERSON TO TAKE A STAND FOR OR AGAINST THE EQUALITY OF ALL HUMAN BEINGS."

Jim Crow Museum at Ferris State University: "A Little Room With A Big Purpose"

http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/who.htm

*****

100 HUNDRED YEARS OF LYNCHINGS

(printed 1962,1988)

(Lynchings from April 17, 1880 to May 27, 1961)

NEW YORK TRUTH SEEKER

April 17, 1880

FIRST NEGRO AT WEST POINT

KNIFED BY FELLOW CADETS

WEST POINT, N.Y., Apr. 15 – James Webster Smith, the first colored cadet in the history of West Point, was recently taken from his bed, gagged, bound, and severely beaten, and then his ears were slit. He says that he cannot identify his assailants. The other cadets claim that he did it himself. Pp. 9

*

CHICAGO TRIBUNE

November 22, 1895

TEXANS LYNCH WRONG NEGRO

MADISONVILLE, Tex., Nov. 21 – News has been received here of the lynching if a Negro in this part of Madison County on Tuesday night. He was accused of riding his horse over a little white girl and injuring her. On Wednesday it was discovered that the wrong Negro had been gotten hold of by the mob. The guilty one made his escape. Pp. 9

A PARTIAL LISTING OF APPROXIMATELY 5,000 NEGROES LYNCHED IN UNITED STATES SINCE 1859 pps. 253 – 270

*

ATLANTA CONSTITUTION

March 13, 1935

LYNCHED WITH HYMN ON LIPS

SLAYDEN, Miss., Mar. 12-Ab Young, a negro, was hanged to an oak tree in a schoolyard three miles east of here this afternoon by a mob of about 50 white men.

The negro had been sought in connection with the shooting to death Saturday night of Hardy Mackie, 45, a state highway worker.

He was placed atop a small coach automobile, with a rope around his neck. The other end of the rope was suspended to a tree. The car was driven out from under him and he was left dangling at the end of the rope.

He met death with a hymn upon his lips. Pp. 225

*

[The following photographs of hangings have nothing to do with the above article:]

Searching through America's past for the last 25 years, collector James Allen uncovered an extraordinary visual legacy: photographs and postcards taken as souvenirs at lynchings throughout America. With essays by Hilton Als, Leon Litwack, Congressman John Lewis and James Allen, these photographs have been published as a book "Without Sanctuary" by Twin Palms Publishers . Features will be added to this site over time and it will evolve into an educational tool. Please be aware before entering the site that much of the material is very disturbing. We welcome your comments and input through the forum section.

Experience the images as a flash movie with narrative comments by James Allen, or as a gallery of photos which will grow to over 100 photos in coming weeks. Participate in a forum about the images, and contact us if you know of other similar postcards and photographs.

2000-2005 Collection of James Allen and John Littlefield

Journal E: Without Sanctuary: Lynching Photography in America

Website featuring photographs and descriptions from the book Without Sanctuary
by Hilton Als and James Allen, with postcards of lynchings in America.

http://withoutsanctuary.org/main.html - 5k

*

Recent racial violence against Blacks is on the rise. From distant parts of the United States, reports of racial violence fill the daily news. That Blacks are killed in the streets of New York while being beaten and harassed in the hills of Georgia, should come as no surprise. America has a long but seldom discussed history of violence against its Black citizens. The typical American response has been to ignore this history. Unfortunately this further obscures a historical problem which can only be resolved through defensive vigilance and an awareness of the scope and nature of the problem…

First published in 1962, 100 YEARS OF LYNCHINGS, is as relevant todat as it was then. It presents the reader with vivid newspaper accounts of a “red record of racial atrocities.” It is a simple and straight forward presentation. Lacking narration, the news articles speak for themselves. Through them we witness a history of racial atrocities that we cannot afford to forget. Ginzburg skillfully selected articles from a wide range of papers, large and small, radical and conservative, white and Black. Through them, he has creatd a documentary of lynchings. The collection of articles which extend into the 1960s provides a sobering view of American history. Few who read the book will remain unaffected by this view…. (back cover)

100 HUNDRED YEARS OF LYNCHINGS by Ralph Ginzburg

NEW YORK TIMES

July 27, 1946

GEORGIA MOB MASSACRES TWO

NEGROS AND WIVES

MONROE, Ga., July 26 – Two young Negroes, one a veteran just returned from the war, and their wives were lined up last night near a secluded road and shot dad by an unmasked band of twenty white men.

The ghastly details of the multiple lynching were told today by Loy Harrison, a well-to-do white farmer who had just hired the Negroes to work on his farm. Harrison was bringing the Negroes to his farm when his car was waylaid by the mob eight miles from Monroe. Questioning of one of the Negroes by the mob indicated, Harrison said, that he was suspected of having stabbed his former employer, a white man. The Negroes, Roger Malcolm and George Dorsey, both 27, were removed from the car and led down a side road.

The women, who were sisters and who had just recently married Malcolm and Dorsey, began to scream. Then a mob member said that one of the women had recognized him.

“Get those damned women, too,” the mob leader shouted.

Several of the men then came back and dragged the shrieking women from the automobile. A few moments later Mr. Harrison heard the shots-many of them and the mob dispersed.

The grotesquely sprawled bodies were found in a clump of bushes beside a little-used sideroad, the upper parts of the bodies scarcely recognizable from the mass of bullet holes.

Dorsey’s mother, Monia Williams, said that her son had just been discharged after five years in the Army and that she had received his discharge button in the mail just this week….pps. 238,239

*

NEW YORK TIMES

July 29, 1945

RELATIVES SHUN FUNERAL OF NEGROES

LYNCHED IN GA.

MONROE, GA., July 28- Close relatives of two of the four Negroes killed by a white mob here Thursday failed to appear at funeral services today and friends voice the belief that they were “too frightened” to appear. Pps. 240,241

*

WASHINGTON POST-TIMES-HERALD

September 1, 1955

15-YEAR-OLD IS LYNCHED;

WOLD-WHISTLED AT WHITE

GREENWOOD, Miss., Aug. 31- The body of a 15-year-old Chicago Negro who had disappeared after he allegedly made “fresh” remarks to a white woman was found floating in the Tallahatchie River today. He had been shot through the head. Two white men, one of them the husand of the woman allegedly insulted by the boy, earlier had been charged with kidnapping the victim, Emmet Till, from the home of his relatives here.

In New York, Roy Wilkins, executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, branded the slaying a “lynching”. Pps. 240,241

*****

What Was Jim Crow?

MORE PICTURES

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Jim Crow was the name of the racial caste system which operated primarily, but not exclusively in southern and border states, between 1877 and the mid-1960s. Jim Crow was more than a series of rigid anti-Black laws. It was a way of life. Under Jim Crow, African Americans were relegated to the status of second class citizens. Jim Crow represented the legitimization of anti-Black racism. Many Christian ministers and theologians taught that Whites were the Chosen people, Blacks were cursed to be servants, and God supported racial segregation.

Craniologists, eugenicists, phrenologists, and Social Darwinists, at every educational level, buttressed the belief that Blacks were innately intellectually and culturally inferior to Whites. Pro-segregation politicians gave eloquent speeches on the great danger of integration: the mongrelization of the White race. Newspaper and magazine writers routinely referred to Blacks as niggers, coons, and darkies; and worse, their articles reinforced anti-Black stereotypes. Even children's games portrayed Blacks as inferior beings (see "From Hostility to Reverence: 100 Years of African-American Imagery in Games"). All major societal institutions reflected and supported the oppression of Blacks.

The Jim Crow system was undergirded by the following beliefs or rationalizations: Whites were superior to Blacks in all important ways, including but not limited to intelligence, morality, and civilized behavior; sexual relations between Blacks and Whites would produce a mongrel race which would destroy America; treating Blacks as equals would encourage interracial sexual unions; any activity which suggested social equality encouraged interracial sexual relations; if necessary, violence must be used to keep Blacks at the bottom of the racial hierarchy. The following Jim Crow etiquette norms show how inclusive and pervasive these norms were:

1. A Black male could not offer his hand (to shake hands) with a White male because it implied being socially equal. Obviously, a Black male could not offer his hand or any other part of his body to a White woman, because he risked being accused of rape.
2. Blacks and Whites were not supposed to eat together. If they did eat together, Whites were to be served first, and some sort of partition was to be placed between them.
3. Under no circumstance was a Black male to offer to light the cigarette of a White female -- that gesture implied intimacy.
4. Blacks were not allowed to show public affection toward one another in public, especially kissing, because it offended Whites.
5. Jim Crow etiquette prescribed that Blacks were introduced to Whites, never Whites to Blacks. For example: "Mr. Peters (the White person), this is Charlie (the Black person), that I spoke to you about."
6. Whites did not use courtesy titles of respect when referring to Blacks, for example, Mr., Mrs., Miss., Sir, or Ma'am. Instead, Blacks were called by their first names. Blacks had to use courtesy titles when referring to Whites, and were not allowed to call them by their first names.
7. If a Black person rode in a car driven by a White person, the Black person sat in the back seat, or the back of a truck.
8. White motorists had the right-of-way at all intersections.

Stetson Kennedy, the author of Jim Crow Guide, offered these simple rules that Blacks were supposed to observe in conversing with Whites:

1. Never assert or even intimate that a White person is lying.
2. Never impute dishonorable intentions to a White person.
3. Never suggest that a White person is from an inferior class.
4. Never lay claim to, or overly demonstrate, superior knowledge or intelligence.
5. Never curse a White person.
6. Never laugh derisively at a White person.
7. Never comment upon the appearance of a White female.¹

Jim Crow etiquette operated in conjunction with Jim Crow laws (black codes). When most people think of Jim Crow they think of laws (not the Jim Crow etiquette) which excluded Blacks from public transport and facilities, juries, jobs, and neighborhoods. The passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution had granted Blacks the same legal protections as Whites. However, after 1877, and the election of Republican Rutherford B. Hayes, southern and border states began restricting the liberties of Blacks. Unfortunately for Blacks, the Supreme Court helped undermine the Constitutional protections of Blacks with the infamous Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) case, which legitimized Jim Crow laws and the Jim Crow way of life.

In 1890, Louisiana passed the "Separate Car Law," which purported to aid passenger comfort by creating "equal but separate" cars for Blacks and Whites. This was a ruse. No public accommodations, including railway travel, provided Blacks with equal facilities. The Louisiana law made it illegal for Blacks to sit in coach seats reserved for Whites, and Whites could not sit in seats reserved for Blacks. In 1891, a group of Blacks decided to test the Jim Crow law. They had Homer A. Plessy, who was seven-eights White and one-eighth Black (therefore, Black), sit in the White-only railroad coach. He was arrested. Plessy's lawyer argued that Louisiana did not have the right to label one citizen as White and another Black for the purposes of restricting their rights and privileges. In Plessy, the Supreme Court stated that so long as state governments provided legal process and legal freedoms for Blacks, equal to those of Whites, they could maintain separate institutions to facilitate these rights. The Court, by a 7-2 vote, upheld the Louisiana law, declaring that racial separation did not necessarily mean an abrogation of equality. In practice, Plessy represented the legitimization of two societies: one White, and advantaged; the other, Black, disadvantaged and despised.

Blacks were denied the right to vote by grandfather clauses (laws that restricted the right to vote to people whose ancestors had voted before the Civil War), poll taxes (fees charged to poor Blacks), white primaries (only Democrats could vote, only Whites could be Democrats), and literacy tests ("Name all the Vice Presidents and Supreme Court Justices throughout America's history"). Plessy sent this message to southern and border states: Discrimination against Blacks is acceptable.

Jim Crow states passed statutes severely regulating social interactions between the races. Jim Crow signs were placed above water fountains, door entrances and exits, and in front of public facilities. There were separate hospitals for Blacks and Whites, separate prisons, separate public and private schools, separate churches, separate cemeteries, separate public restrooms, and separate public accommodations. In most instances, the Black facilities were grossly inferior -- generally, older, less-well-kept. In other cases, there were no Black facilities -- no Colored public restroom, no public beach, no place to sit or eat. Plessy gave Jim Crow states a legal way to ignore their constitutional obligations to their Black citizens.

Jim Crow laws touched every aspect of everyday life. For example, in 1935, Oklahoma prohibited Blacks and Whites from boating together. Boating implied social equality. In 1905, Georgia established separate parks for Blacks and Whites. In 1930, Birmingham, Alabama, made it illegal for Blacks and Whites to play checkers or dominoes together. Here are some of the typical Jim Crow laws, as compiled by the Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site Interpretive Staff:

• Barbers. No colored barber shall serve as a barber (to) white girls or women (Georgia).
• Blind Wards. The board of trustees shall...maintain a separate building...on separate ground for the admission, care, instruction, and support of all blind persons of the colored or black race (Louisiana).
• Burial. The officer in charge shall not bury, or allow to be buried, any colored persons upon ground set apart or used for the burial of white persons (Georgia).
• Buses. All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored races (Alabama).
• Child Custody. It shall be unlawful for any parent, relative, or other white person in this State, having the control or custody of any white child, by right of guardianship, natural or acquired, or otherwise, to dispose of, give or surrender such white child permanently into the custody, control, maintenance, or support, of a negro (South Carolina).
• Education. The schools for white children and the schools for negro children shall be conducted separately (Florida).
• Libraries. The state librarian is directed to fit up and maintain a separate place for the use of the colored people who may come to the library for the purpose of reading books or periodicals (North Carolina).
• Mental Hospitals. The Board of Control shall see that proper and distinct apartments are arranged for said patients, so that in no case shall Negroes and white persons be together (Georgia).
• Militia. The white and colored militia shall be separately enrolled, and shall never be compelled to serve in the same organization. No organization of colored troops shall be permitted where white troops are available and where whites are permitted to be organized, colored troops shall be under the command of white officers (North Carolina).
• Nurses. No person or corporation shall require any White female nurse to nurse in wards or rooms in hospitals, either public or private, in which negro men are placed (Alabama).
• Prisons. The warden shall see that the white convicts shall have separate apartments for both eating and sleeping from the negro convicts (Mississippi).
• Reform Schools. The children of white and colored races committed to the houses of reform shall be kept entirely separate from each other (Kentucky).
• Teaching. Any instructor who shall teach in any school, college or institution where members of the white and colored race are received and enrolled as pupils for instruction shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined... (Oklahoma).
• Wine and Beer. All persons licensed to conduct the business of selling beer or wine...shall serve either white people exclusively or colored people exclusively and shall not sell to the two races within the same room at any time (Georgia).²

The Jim Crow laws and system of etiquette were undergirded by violence, real and threatened. Blacks who violated Jim Crow norms, for example, drinking from the White water fountain or trying to vote, risked their homes, their jobs, even their lives. Whites could physically beat Blacks with impunity. Blacks had little legal recourse against these assaults because the Jim Crow criminal justice system was all-White: police, prosecutors, judges, juries, and prison officials. Violence was instrumental for Jim Crow. It was a method of social control. The most extreme forms of Jim Crow violence were lynchings.

Lynchings were public, often sadistic, murders carried out by mobs. Between 1882, when the first reliable data were collected, and 1968, when lynchings had become rare, there were 4,730 known lynchings, including 3,440 Black men and women. Most of the victims of Lynch-Law were hanged or shot, but some were burned at the stake, castrated, beaten with clubs, or dismembered. In the mid-1800s, Whites constituted the majority of victims (and perpetrators); however, by the period of Radical Reconstruction, Blacks became the most frequent lynching victims. This is an early indication that lynching was used as an intimidation tool to keep Blacks, in this case the newly-freedmen, "in their places." The great majority of lynchings occurred in southern and border states, where the resentment against Blacks ran deepest. According to the social economist Gunnar Myrdal: "The southern states account for nine-tenths of the lynchings. More than two thirds of the remaining one-tenth occurred in the six states which immediately border the South."³

Many Whites claimed that although lynchings were distasteful, they were necessary supplements to the criminal justice system because Blacks were prone to violent crimes, especially the rapes of White women. Arthur Raper investigated nearly a century of lynchings and concluded that approximately one-third of all the victims were falsely accused.⁴

Under Jim Crow any and all sexual interactions between Black men and White women was illegal, illicit, socially repugnant, and within the Jim Crow definition of rape. Although only 19.2 percent of the lynching victims between 1882 to 1951 were even accused of rape, Lynch law was often supported on the popular belief that lynchings were necessary to protect White women from Black rapists. Myrdal refutes this belief in this way: "There is much reason to believe that this figure (19.2) has been inflated by the fact that a mob which makes the accusation of rape is secure from any further investigation; by the broad Southern definition of rape to include all sexual relations between Negro men and white women; and by the psychopathic fears of white women in their contacts with Negro men."⁵ Most Blacks were lynched for demanding civil rights, violating Jim Crow etiquette or laws, or in the aftermath of race riots.

Lynchings were most common in small and middle-sized towns where Blacks often were economic competitors to the local Whites. These Whites resented any economic and political gains made by Blacks. Lynchers were seldomly arrested, and if arrested, rarely convicted. Raper estimated that "at least one-half of the lynchings are carried out with police officers participating, and that in nine-tenths of the others the officers either condone or wink at the mob action."⁶ Lynching served many purposes: it was cheap entertainment; it served as a rallying, uniting point for Whites; it functioned as an ego-massage for low-income, low-status Whites; it was a method of defending White domination and helped stop or retard the fledgling social equality movement.

Lynch mobs directed their hatred against one (sometimes several) victims. The victim was an example of what happened to a Black man who tried to vote, or who looked at a White woman, or who tried to get a White man's job. Unfortunately for Blacks, sometimes the mob was not satisfied to murder a single or several victims. Instead, in the spirit of pogroms, the mobs went into Black communities and destroyed additional lives and property. Their immediate goal was to drive out -- through death or expulsion -- all Blacks; the larger goal was to maintain, at all costs, White supremacy. These pogrom-like actions are often referred to as riots; however, Gunnar Myrdal was right when he described these "riots" as "a terrorization or massacre...a mass lynching."⁷ Interestingly, these mass lynchings were primarily urban phenomena, whereas the lynching of single victims was primarily a rural phenomena.

James Weldon Johnson, the famous Black writer, labeled 1919 as "The Red Summer." It was red from racial tension; it was red from bloodletting. During the summer of 1919, there were race riots in Chicago, Illinois; Knoxville and Nashville, Tennessee; Charleston, South Carolina; Omaha, Nebraska; and two dozen other cities. W.E.B. DuBois, the Black social scientist and civil rights activist, wrote: "During that year seventy-seven Negroes were lynched, of whom one was a woman and eleven were soldiers; of these, fourteen were publicly burned, eleven of them being burned alive. That year there were race riots large and small in twenty-six American cities including thirty-eight killed in a Chicago riot of August; from twenty-five to fifty in Phillips County, Arkansas; and six killed in Washington."⁸

The riots of 1919 were not the first or last "mass lynchings" of Blacks, as evidenced by the race riots in Wilmington, North Carolina (1898); Atlanta, Georgia (1906); Springfield, Illinois (1908); East St. Louis, Illinois (1917); Tulsa, Oklahoma (1921); and Detroit, Michigan (1943). Joseph Boskin, author of Urban Racial Violence, claimed that the riots of the 1900s had the following traits:

1. In each of the race riots, with few exceptions, it was White people that sparked the incident by attacking Black people.
2. In the majority of the riots, some extraordinary social condition prevailed at the time of the riot: prewar social changes, wartime mobility, post-war adjustment, or economic depression.
3. The majority of the riots occurred during the hot summer months.
4. Rumor played an extremely important role in causing many riots. Rumors of some criminal activity by Blacks against Whites perpetuated the actions of the White mobs.
5. The police force, more than any other institution, was invariably involved as a precipitating cause or perpetuating factor in the riots. In almost every one of the riots, the police sided with the attackers, either by actually participating in, or by failing to quell the attack.
6. In almost every instance, the fighting occurred within the Black community.⁹

Boskin omitted the following: the mass media, especially newspapers often published inflammatory articles about "Black criminals" immediately before the riots; Blacks were not only killed, but their homes and businesses were looted, and many who did not flee were left homeless; and, the goal of the White rioters, as was true of White lynchers of single victims, was to instill fear and terror into Blacks, thereby buttressing White domination. The Jim Crow hierarchy could not work without violence being used against those on the bottom rung. George Fredrickson, a historian, stated it this way: "Lynching represented...a way of using fear and terror to check 'dangerous' tendencies in a black community considered to be ineffectively regimented or supervised. As such it constituted a confession that the regular institutions of a segregated society provided an inadequate measure of day-to-day control."¹⁰

Many Blacks resisted the indignities of Jim Crow, and, far too often, they paid for their bravery with their lives.

Dr. David Pilgrim, Professor of Sociology

Ferris State University

Sept., 2000

---

¹ Kennedy, Stetson. Jim Crow Guide: The Way It Was. Boca Raton: Florida Atlantic University Press, 1959/1990, pp.216-117.

² This list was derived from a larger list composed by the Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site Interpretive Staff. Last Updated January 5, 1998. The web address is: http//www.nps.gov/malu/documents/jim crowlaws.htm.

³ Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma. New York: 1944, pp. 560-561.

⁴ Myrdal, op. cit., .561.

⁵ Ibid., pp.561-562.

⁶ Arthur. A. Rapier, The Tragedy of Lynching. Chapel Hill, 1933, pp.13-14.

⁷ Myrdal, op.cit., p.566.

⁸ W.E.B. Dubois, Originally in Dust of Dawn. Cited here from DuBois: Writings, Nathan Huggins (editor). New York: Viking Press, 1986, p.747.

⁹ Joseph Boskin, Urban Racial Violence. Beverly Hills, 1976, pp.14-15.

¹⁰ George M. Fredrickson, The Black Image In The White Mind: The Debate on Afro-American Character and Destiny 1817-1914. New York: Harper & Row, 1971, p.272.

What Was Jim Crow?

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About the Ku Klux Klan

The Ku Klux Klan is a racist, anti-Semitic movement with a commitment to extreme violence to achieve its goals of racial segregation and white supremacy. Of all the types of right-wing hate groups that exist in the United States, the Klan remains the one with the greatest number of national and local organizations around the country.

More than 40 different Klan groups exist, many having multiple chapters, or “klaverns,” including a few that boast a presence in a large number of states. There are over a hundred different Klan chapters around the country, with a combined strength of members and associates that may total around 5,000.

After a period of relative quiet, Ku Klux Klan activity has spiked noticeably upwards in 2006, as Klan groups have attempted to exploit fears in America over gay marriage, perceived “assaults” on Christianity, crime and especially immigration.

KKK Symbol

Founder: Confederate Civil War veterans Captain John C. Lester, Major James R. Crowe, John D. Kennedy, Calvin Jones, Richard R. Reed, Frank O. McCord
Founded: 1866
Headquarters: Each different Klan group has its own headquarters.
Background: The Klan has fragmented into more than 40 separate factions of varying sizes. There is no “one” Ku Klux Klan.
Estimated size: There are over a hundred different chapters in the various Klan organizations, with varying memberships. Overall, there may be as many as 5,000 members and associates of the Ku Klux Klan. The Klan is strongest in the South and in the Midwest.
Criminal Activity: The Klan has a relatively high association with criminal activity, ranging from hate crimes to acts of domestic terrorism.
Media: Mass mailings, leafleting and the Internet
Strategy: Public rallies and protests, "adopt a highway" programs and other attention getting stunts, Internet
Ideology: White supremacist ideology not far from that of neo-Nazis, although it tends to be more Christian-oriented and to stress nativism.
Affiliations: National Socialist Movement, Aryan Nations, Christian Identity groups
Financial support: Little. Most funding comes from membership dues and sales of Klan paraphernalia.

The Ku Klux Klan first emerged following the Civil War as America’s first true terrorist group. Since its inception, the Ku Klux Klan has seen several cycles of growth and collapse, and in some of these cycles the Klan has been more extreme than in others. In all of its incarnations, however, the Klan has maintained its dual heritage of hate and violence.

At first, the Ku Klux Klan focused its anger and violence on African-Americans, on white Americans who stood up for them, and against the federal government which supported their rights. Subsequent incarnations of the Klan, which typically emerged in times of rapid social change, added more categories to its enemies list, including Jews, Catholics (less so after the 1970s), homosexuals, and different groups of immigrants.

In most of these cases, these perceived enemies were minority groups that came into direct economic competition with the lower- and working-class whites that formed the core constituency of the Klan in most of its incarnations.

The Ku Klux Klan was overshadowed in the late 1990s and early 2000s by growing neo-Nazi activity; however, by 2005 neo-Nazi groups had fallen on hard times, with many groups collapsing or fragmenting. This collapse has helped create a rise of racist skinhead activity, but has also provided new opportunities for Klan groups.

In addition, in the early 2000s, many communities in the United States began to experiences a significant influx of immigrants, especially Hispanics, for the first time in their histories. A single-issue movement opposing immigration has helped create fear and anxiety about immigration in the minds of many Americans.

Many Ku Klux Klan groups have attempted to take advantage of that fear and uncertainty, using anti-immigration sentiments for recruitment and propaganda purposes, and to attract publicity.

Ku Klux Klan -- Extremism in America

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Dr. Simon Baruch (b. 1840) was a surgeon and captain in the confederate Army and, according to Harry Simonhoff, “He went through the terrors of Reconstruction, and as a secret member of the origina Ku Klux Klan he wore at night its long white flowing robes emblazoned with a scarlet cross. The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews by the Nation of Islam, pp. 218

*****

The Ku Klux Klan

Period: 1920s

After the Civil War, the Ku Klux Klan, led by former Confederate General Nathaniel Bedford Forrest, used terrorist tactics to intimidate former slaves. A new version of the Ku Klux Klan arose during the early 1920s. Throughout this time period, immigration, fear of radicalism, and a revolution in morals and manners fanned anxiety in large parts of the country. Roman Catholics, Jews, African Americans, and foreigners were only the most obvious targets of the Klan's fear-mongering. Bootleggers and divorcees were also targets.

Contributing to the Klan's growth was a post-war depression in agriculture, the migration of African Americans into Northern cities, and a swelling of religious bigotry and nativism in the years after World War I. Klan members considered themselves defenders of Prohibition, traditional morality, and true Americanism. The Klan efforts were directed against African Americans, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants.

In 1920, two Atlanta publicists, Edward Clarke, a former Atlanta journalist, and Bessie Tyler, a former madam, took over an organization that had formed to promote World War I fund drives. At that time, the organization had 3,000 members. In three years they built it into the Southern Publicity Association, a national organization with three million members. After the war, they bolstered membership in the Klan by giving Klansmen part of the $10 induction fee of every new member they signed up.

During the early 1920s, the Klan helped elect 16 U.S. Senators and many Representatives and local officials. By 1924, when the Klan had reached its peak in numbers and influence, it claimed to control 24 of the nation's 48 state legislatures. That year it succeeded in blocking the nomination of Al Smith, a New York Catholic, at the Democratic National Convention.

The three million members of the Klan after World War I were quite open in their activities. Many were small-business owners, independent professionals, clerical workers, and farmers. Members marched in parades, patronized Klan merchants, and voted for Klan-endorsed political candidates. The Klan was particularly strong in the Deep South, Oklahoma, and Indiana. Historians once considered the Ku Klux Klan a group of marginal misfits, rural traditionalists unable to cope with the coming of a modern urban society. But recent scholarship shows that Klan members were a cross-section of native Protestants; many were women, and many came from urban areas.

The leader of Indiana's Klan was David Curtis Stephenson, a Texan who had worked as a printer's apprentice in Oklahoma before becoming a salesman in Indiana. Given control of the Klan in Indiana in 1922 and the right to organize in 20 other states, he soon became a millionaire from the sale of robes and hoods. A crowd estimated at 200,000 attended one Klan gathering in Kokomo, Ind. in 1923.

A public defender of Prohibition and womanhood, Stephenson was, in private, a heavy drinker and a womanizer. In 1925, he was tried, convicted, and sentenced to life in prison for kidnapping and sexually assaulting 28-year-old Madge Oberholtzer, who ran a state program to combat illiteracy. Stephenson's downfall, which was followed by the indictment and prosecution of many Klan-supported politicians on corruption charges, led members to abandon the organization in droves. Within a year, the number of Klansmen in Indiana fell from 350,000 to 15,000. By 1930, the Klan had just 45,000 members in the nation as a whole.

The Ku Klux Klan - Digital History

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1 of 12 Next

LIFE

Donning Klan Robes

The Department of Homeland Security recently issued a chilling report: Americans, it said, can expect an upsurge in "rightwing extremism" from White nationalists, militias, and groups like the Ku Klux Klan. The Klan, of course, has had a hand in some of the nation's most infamous acts of racial terror and murder. But what does the KKK look like today? Photographer Anthony Karen has documented the modern-day Klan in their homes, at rallies, and at Klan gatherings, taking us deep inside a world we would otherwise never see -- a world most of us might not even want to know about. The unnerving photos featured here, exclusively on LIFE.com, are from his book, "The Invisible Empire: Ku Klux Klan." "The majority of people I've come across," Karen told LIFE, "you'd only know they were in the Klan if they decided to share that."

Photo: Blank/Time & Life Pictures

Apr 13, 2009

LIFE Goes Inside Today's KKK - Photo Gallery - LIFE

Apr 13, 2009 ... The unnerving photos featured here, exclusively on LIFE.com, are from his book,
"The Invisible Empire: Ku Klux Klan. ...

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Ku Klux Klan

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100 Years of Domestic Terrorism

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MALCOLM X: The Ku Klux Klan...

Steel Pulse "Ku Klux Klan"...

LINK: Ku Klux Klan Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com ...

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The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow

THE KU KLUX KLAN (1866)

The Ku Klux Klan was originally organized in the winter of 1865-66 in Pulaski, Tennessee as a social club by six Confederate veterans. In the beginning, the Klan was a secret fraternity club rather than a terrorist organization. (Ku Klux was derived from the Greek "kuklos," meaning circle, and the English word clan.) The costume adopted by its members (disguises were quite common) was a mask and white robe and high conical pointed hat.

According to the founders of the Klan, it had no malicious intent in the beginning. The Klan grew quickly and became a terrorist organization. It attracted former Civil War generals such as Nathan Bedford Forrest, the famed cavalry commander whose soldiers murdered captured black troops at Fort Pillow.

The Klan spread beyond Tennessee to every state in the South and included mayors, judges, and sheriffs as well as common criminals. The Klan systematically murdered black politicians and political leaders. It beat, whipped, and murdered thousands, and intimidated tens of thousands of others from voting. Blacks often tried to fight back, but they were outnumbered and out gunned. While the main targets of Klan wrath were the political and social leaders of the black community, blacks could be murdered for almost any reason. Men, women, children, aged and crippled, were victims. A 103-year-old woman was whipped, as was a completely paralyzed man. In Georgia, Abraham Colby, an organizer and leader in the black community, was whipped for hours in front of his wife and children. His little daughter begged the Klansman, "Don't take my daddy away." She never recovered from the sight and died soon after. In Mississippi, Jack Dupree's throat was cut and he was disemboweled in front of his wife, who had just given birth to twins. Klansman burned churches and schools, lynching teachers and educated blacks. Black landowners were driven off their property and murdered if they refused to leave. Blacks were whipped for refusing to work for whites, for having intimate relations with whites, for arguing with whites, for having jobs whites wanted, for reading a newspaper or having a book in their homes.. Or simply for being black. Klan violence led one black man to write: "We have very dark days here. The colored people are in despair. The rebels boast that the Negroes shall not have as much liberty now as they had under slavery. If things go on thus, our doom is sealed. God knows it is worse than slavery."

Read the accounts
of two African-
American men in
Georgia on being
terrorized by the
Ku Klux Klan.

A few state governments fought back. In Tennessee and Arkansas, Republicans organized a police force that arrested Klansmen and carried out executions. In Texas, Governor Edmund Davis organized a crack state police unit, 40 percent of whose officers were black. The police made over 6,000 arrests and stopped the Klan. Armed groups of black and whites fought or threatened Klansman in North and South Carolina. The federal government also exerted its influence, empowering federal authorities with the Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871. Klan activity ended by 1872 and disappeared until it was revived again in 1915.

-- Richard Wormser

The Ku Klux Klan - PBS

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BRAINWASHING AT ITS BEST!

THE SHACKLES WERE REMOVED FROM THE ANKLES

AND MADE SECURE FOR THE BRAIN!

***

THE GREATEST WASTE OF TIME

FOR DESCENDANTS OF SLAVES IS THE VOTING BOOTH!

***

IS IT POSSIBLE THAT THE BLACK MAN’s HOPE

WOULD MANIFEST FROM THE WHITE MAN

WHO ENSLAVED AND CONVERTED HIM TO CHRISTIANITY

AND INFLICTED UPON HIM

THE MOST BARBARIC TORMENT KNOWN TO MAN?

*****

The ADL and UN-Watch call on countries to boycott 'Durban III': but who is racist?

• Posted by TheBlackList on December 25, 2010 at 7:07pm in Call To Action
• Back to Call To Action Discussions

According to this yesterday Jerusalem POST article, the US-based ADL and the Geneva-based UN Watch call on countries to boycott 'Durban III'.

Earlier the same day, the UN general assembly voted and approved a resolution to hold a summit commemorating the Durban Conference Against Racism. The US voted against this resolution.

The ADL and UN Watch claim that Durban has been hijacked by Africans and Arabs. But who is racist and who is hijacking the word "racism"?

They accuse the Durban Conference to be antisemitic simply because it likened Zionism to racism.

But in a series of reports in the Jerusalem Post, we discover that many demonstrations against Africans take place in Israel.

For instance just last Tuesday,  as the JPOST reports, hundreds of Tel Aviv residents demonstrated against African refugees and migrant workers.

The same article reports that many of those demonstrators had taken part in a rally against Arab-Israelis just the night before; they accuse the Arab-Israelis of a large scale attempt to seduce Jewish girls.

They claim they are not racist, yet they want to displace all the Africans to remote location and they eventually use the derogatory Hebrew term "Kushi" to denote African origin.

They claim they are not racist, yet they vow to protect "Israel as a Jewish state and a state for its citizens".

And the paper quotes a statement of the Hotline for Migrant Workers saying “Israel is facing a wave of hate crimes, crimes whose main motive is the hatred of foreigners.”

The article continues and I quote:

"[On Saturday, three teenage girls born to African migrant parents were attacked and severely beaten by a mob of teenagers while walking to their homes in the Hatikva neighborhood.

That same night, someone tried to torch an apartment in Ashdod housing seven Sudanese citizens. The assailants set a blazing tire outside the front door of the apartment, and five of the seven residents were lightly hurt by smoke inhalation before they managed to break the burglar bars and flee through a window.

Tuesday’s protest came around four months after a group of 25 rabbis from south Tel Aviv neighborhoods released a letter warning Jews not to rent their homes to illegal immigrants and foreign workers.

...
They live better than us and they don’t have to pay taxes or national insurance institute.]" (end of quotation)

But what it means for Africans who have to leave their home countries while foreigners have the best positions and even control-advice their government and economy?

According to another JPOST article, the Interior Minister qualified the "African infiltrators" as "an existential danger to Israel".

He was before a Knesset Committee on Foreign Workers whose chairman described the African immigration as "a malignant cancer that spreads to the entire country."

Gilbert Leonard

The ADL and UN-Watch call on countries to boycott 'Durban III': but who is racist?

*****

SEE WHAT IS WRITTEN IN THE HEBREW SCRIPTURES THAT WOULD LEAD DESCENDANTS OF SLAVES TO BELIEVE THAT REPARATIONS ARE DUE THEM FOR THE SLAVE TRADE?

Many racist Whites will tout that they never owned Slaves and neither did their parents or grandparents, and they are, therefore, against Reparations for this cruel and barbaric trade in human beings. While Whites today do not own Slaves, their country and their FOUNDING FATHERS most certainly profited and grew wealthy off the backs of Blacks out of Africa and with a CONSTITUTION TO PROMOTE, ENDORSE, AND SUSTAIN AN ENTERPRISE IN THE SLAVE MARKET.

***

There is nothing new about paying Reparations for damages or wrong doings. When the Children of Israel left out of Egyptian bondage, they left out with Reparations.

“And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years;And also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge: and afterward shall they come out with great substance.” Genesis 15:13,14

“And I will give this people favour in the sight of the Egyptians: and it shall come to pass, that, when ye go, ye shall not go empty:” Exodus 3:21

“Wherefore say unto the children of Israel, I am the LORD, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will rid you out of their bondage, and I will redeem you with a stretched out arm, and with great judgments: And I will take you to me for a people, and I will be to you a God: and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God, which bringeth you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians.” Exodus 6:6,7

“And he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, Rise up, and get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve the LORD, as ye have said.

“And the Egyptians were urgent upon the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste; for they said, We be all dead men.

“And the children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they borrowed of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment: And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they lent unto them such things as they required. And they spoiled the Egyptians.” Exodus 12:31,33,35,36

“He sent Moses his servant; and Aaron whom he had chosen.

“He smote also all the firstborn in their land, the chief of all their strength. He brought them forth also with silver and gold: and there was not one feeble person among their tribes. Egypt was glad when they departed: for the fear of them fell upon them.” Psalm 105:26,36 - 38

When the Tribe of Judah left out of the 70-year Babylonian captivity, they also left out with Reparations.

“Moreover I make a decree what ye shall do to the elders of these Jews for the building of this house of God: that of the king's goods, even of the tribute beyond the river, forthwith expenses be given unto these men, that they be not hindered. And that which they have need of, both young bullocks, and rams, and lambs, for the burnt offerings of the God of heaven, wheat, salt, wine, and oil, according to the appointment of the priests which areat Jerusalem, let it be given them day by day without fail:” Ezra 6:8,9

“Now this is the copy of the letter that the king Artaxerxes gave unto Ezra the priest, the scribe, even a scribe of the words of the commandments of the LORD, and of his statutes to Israel. Artaxerxes, king of kings, unto Ezra the priest, a scribe of the law of the God of heaven, perfect peace, and at such a time. I make a decree, that all they of the people of Israel, and of his priests and Levites, in my realm, which are minded of their own freewill to go up to Jerusalem, go with thee. Forasmuch as thou art sent of the king, and of his seven counsellors, to inquire concerning Judah and Jerusalem, according to the law of thy God which is in thine hand; And to carry the silver and gold, which the king and his counsellors have freely offered unto the God of Israel, whose habitation is in Jerusalem,” Ezra 7:11 – 15

“And all the silver and gold that thou canst find in all the province of Babylon, with the freewill offering of the people, and of the priests, offering willingly for the house of their God which is in Jerusalem: That thou mayest buy speedily with this money bullocks, rams, lambs, with their meat offerings and their drink offerings, and offer them upon the altar of the house of your God which is in Jerusalem. And whatsoever shall seem good to thee, and to thy brethren, to do with the rest of the silver and the gold, that do after the will of your God. The vessels also that are given thee for the service of the house of thy God, those deliver thou before the God of Jerusalem. And whatsoever more shall be needful for the house of thy God, which thou shalt have occasion to bestow, bestow it out of the king's treasure house. And I, even I Artaxerxes the king, do make a decree to all the treasurers which are beyond the river, that whatsoever Ezra the priest, the scribe of the law of the God of heaven, shall require of you, it be done speedily, Unto an hundred talents of silver, and to an hundred measures of wheat, and to an hundred baths of wine, and to an hundred baths of oil, and salt without prescribing how much. Whatsoever is commanded by the God of heaven, let it be diligently done for the house of the God of heaven: for why should there be wrath against the realm of the king and his sons?” Ezra 7:16 – 23

JUST AS THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL RECEIVED REPARATIONS FOR THEIR BONDAGE AND CAPTIVITY, SO ALSO WILL THE ISRAELITES WHOM THE GOD OF ISRAEL WILL CAUSE TO RETURN DURING THIS SECOND EXODUS OUT OF THIS CAPTIVITY!

It was a time of great turmoil and death when the Children of Israel left out of Egypt with Reparations, and, as it is written in the Hebrew Scriptures, when the CREATOR GOD causes this SECOND EXODUS, there will also be reason for great alarm.

“Alas! for that day is great, so that none is like it: it is even the time of Jacob's trouble; but he shall be saved out of it.” Jeremiah 30:7

“The LORD said, Verily it shall be well with thy remnant; verily I will cause the enemy to entreat thee well in the time of evil and in the time of affliction.” Jeremiah 15:11

“For thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I, even I, will both search my sheep, and seek them out. As a shepherd seeketh out his flock in the day that he is among his sheep that are scattered; so will I seek out my sheep, and will deliver them out of all places where they have been scattered in the cloudy and dark day. And I will bring them out from the people, and gather them from the countries, and will bring them to their own land, and feed them upon the mountains of Israel by the rivers, and in all the inhabited places of the country. I will feed them in a good pasture, and upon the high mountains of Israel shall their fold be: there shall they lie in a good fold, and in a fat pasture shall they feed upon the mountains of Israel. I will feed my flock, and I will cause them to lie down, saith the Lord GOD.” Ezekiel 34:11 - 15

*****

Reparations for Slavery?

Are all the issues being considered?

By Alistair Boddy-Evans, About.com Guide

Reparations to Africa

When the African World Reparation and Repatriation Truth Commission (AWEETC) met for the first time in Accra in 1999 they issued a declaration that called for $777 trillion over five years as reparation for enslaving Africans during the colonization of the continent. The money was to come from "those nations of Western Europe and the Americas and institutions who participated and benefited from the slave trade and colonialism."

The commissions co-chairman, Dr Harmet Maulana, stated that "Africa deserves compensation and we demand it now", and that all of Africa's "woes" could be traced to the "damage" the slave trade caused.

No mention was made of the Islamic slave trade (which continues today) or the role played by African chiefs in organizing slaves for trade. It was assumed that everyone agreed that the people who had been wronged were still resident in Africa, rather than the descendants of those shipped to the west.

The thoughts of many Africans were summed up by Abdul-Rasheed Na’Allah, in his article¹ in West African Review -- in essence it was only the trans-Atlantic slave trade that caused depredation and devastation to Africa. The long history of enslavement carried out by African societies and by Islam can be ignored. He suggests that claims that Africans enslaved each other is just a misinterpretation of words -- that, for example, the Yoruban word eru does not mean "slave" but "servant" -- and that "never did Africans practiced [sic] a debasement of humanity as slavery was".

Despite a great wealth of historical evidence that the slave trade existed in West, North and East Africa to supply the ever expanding Islamic empire for centuries before the arrival of European traders, Na’Allah suggests that "the conditions Europeans created for the Atlantic Slave Trade was [in] the importation of chains, padlocks, guns and various crude gadgets to Africa, and the obvious demonstration of their uses to the Africans."

Reparations in the US

Meanwhile there is there equally thorny issue of reparations for the descendants of those shipped to the Americas, or at least those African-Americans who see the opportunity for lawsuits.

From 2000 onwards there have been a handful of cases brought against private institutions and corporations that were historically involved in slavery. Several were consolidated in 2002 to demand restitution from 20 assorted companies, including banks, insurance-, textile-, railroad- and tobacco-companies. The lawsuit was dismissed by district court. An appeal in 2006 left the plaintiffs with the option of resubmitting the lawsuit it they were able to provide proof that state law in 1850s was violated by importing slaves, that there was a basis for reparation created at the time of importation, and that the statute of limitations had not been exceeded.

Apart from the 'Slavery Era Disclosure Law', passed by California back in 2000, little has actually been achieved. JP Morgan Chase, for example, is one of the few companies to come forward and apologize for its role in the trans-Atlantic trade.

*****

RESTORATION OF THE SEED OF THE BIBLICAL ISRAELITES

“Hear the word of the LORD, O ye nations, and declare it in the isles afar off, and say,

He that scattered Israel will gather him, and keep him, as a shepherd doth his flock.

For the LORD hath redeemed Jacob,

and ransomed him from the hand of him that was stronger than he.”

Jeremiah 31:10,11

“And ye shall be my people, and I will be your God.”

Jeremiah 30:22

“I will go and return to my place,

till they acknowledge their offence,

and seek my face:

in their affliction they will seek me early.”

Hosea 5:15

“Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; I have lifted up mine hand,

Surely the heathen that are about you, they shall bear their shame.

But ye, O mountains of Israel, ye shall shoot forth your branches,

and yield your fruit to my people of Israel; for they are at hand to come.

For, behold, I am for you, and I will turn unto you, and ye shall be tilled and sown:

And I will multiply men upon you, all the house of Israel, even all of it:

and the cities shall be inhabited, and the wastes shall be builded:”

Ezekiel 36:7 – 10

“And the LORD shall scatter you among the nations,

and ye shall be left few in number among the heathen, whither the LORD shall lead you.

And there ye shall serve gods, the work of men's hands, wood and stone, which neither see,

nor hear, nor eat, nor smell. But if from thence thou shalt seek the LORD thy God,

thou shalt find him, if thou seek him with all thy heart and with all thy soul.

When thou art in tribulation, and all these things are come upon thee, even in the latter days,

if thou turn to the LORD thy God, and shalt be obedient unto his voice;

(For the LORD thy God is a merciful God;) he will not forsake thee,

neither destroy thee, nor forget the covenant of thy fathers which he sware unto them.”

Deuteronomy 4:27 – 31

“Remember, I beseech thee, the word that thou commandedst thy servant Moses, saying,

If ye transgress, I will scatter you abroad among the nations:

But if ye turn unto me, and keep my commandments, and do them;

though there were of you cast out unto the uttermost part of the heaven,

yet will I gather them from thence, and will bring them unto the place

that I have chosen to set my name there.”

Nehemiah 1:8,9

“Therefore say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Although I have cast them far off among the heathen,

and although I have scattered them among the countries,

yet will I be to them as a little sanctuary in the countries where they shall come.”

Ezekiel 11:16

“And yet for all that, when they be in the land of their enemies, I will not cast them away,

neither will I abhor them, to destroy them utterly, and to break my covenant with them:

for I am the LORD their God. But I will for their sakes remember the covenant of their ancestors,

whom I brought forth out of the land of Egypt in the sight of the heathen, that I might be their God:

I am the LORD. These are the statutes and judgments and laws,

which the LORD made between him and the children of Israel

in mount Sinai by the hand of Moses.”

Leviticus 26:44 - 46

“And ye shall know that I am in the midst of Israel, and that I am the LORD your God, and none else:

and my people shall never be ashamed.”

Joel 2:27

“O LORD, why hast thou made us to err from thy ways, and hardened our heart from thy fear?

Return for thy servants' sake, the tribes of thine inheritance.

The people of thy holiness have possessed it but a little while:

our adversaries have trodden down thy sanctuary. We are thine:

thou never barest rule over them; they were not called by thy name.”

Isaiah 66:18,19

“And the LORD shall scatter you among the nations,

and ye shall be left few in number among the heathen, whither the LORD shall lead you.

And there ye shall serve gods, the work of men's hands, wood and stone, which neither see,

nor hear, nor eat, nor smell.

But if from thence thou shalt seek the LORD thy God, thou shalt find him,

if thou seek him with all thy heart and with all thy soul.”

Deuteronomy 4:27 – 29

“When thou art in tribulation, and all these things are come upon thee, even in the latter days,

if thou turn to the LORD thy God, and shalt be obedient unto his voice;

(For the LORD thy God is a merciful God;) he will not forsake thee, neither destroy thee,

nor forget the covenant of thy fathers which he sware unto them. For ask now of the days that are past,

which were before thee, since the day that God created man upon the earth,

and ask from the one side of heaven unto the other, whether there hath been any such thing

as this great thing is, or hath been heard like it? Did ever people hear the voice of God speaking out

of the midst of the fire, as thou hast heard, and live? Or hath God assayed to go

and take him a nation from the midst of another nation, by temptations, by signs, and by wonders,

and by war, and by a mighty hand, and by a stretched out arm, and by great terrors,

according to all that the LORD your God did for you in Egypt before your eyes?

Unto thee it was shewed, that thou mightest know that the LORD he is God; there is none else beside him.

Out of heaven he made thee to hear his voice, that he might instruct thee:

and upon earth he shewed thee his great fire; and thou heardest his words out of the midst of the fire.”

Deuteronomy 4:30 – 36

“Know therefore this day, and consider it in thine heart, that the LORD he is God in heaven above, and upon the earth beneath:

there is none else. Thou shalt keep therefore his statutes,

and his commandments, which I command thee this day, that it may go well with thee,

and with thy children after thee, and that thou mayest prolong thy days upon the earth,

which the LORD thy God giveth thee, for ever.”

Deuteronomy 4:39,40

“And it shall come to pass, when all these things are come upon thee, the blessing and the curse,

which I have set before thee, and thou shalt call them to mind among all the nations,

whither the LORD thy God hath driven thee, And shalt return unto the LORD thy God,

and shalt obey his voice according to all that I command thee this day, thou and thy children,

with all thine heart, and with all thy soul; That then the LORD thy God will turn thy captivity,

and have compassion upon thee, and will return and gather thee from all the nations,

whither the LORD thy God hath scattered thee. If any of thine be driven out

unto the outmost parts of heaven,

from thence will the LORD thy God gather thee, and from thence will he fetch thee:”

Deuteronomy 30:1 - 5

“And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set his hand again the second time

to recover the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt,

and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath,

and from the islands of the sea. And he shall set up an ensign for the nations,

and shall assemble the outcasts of Israel,

and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth.”

Isaiah 11:11,12

“For the LORD will have mercy on Jacob, and will yet choose Israel, and set them in their own land:

and the strangers shall be joined with them, and they shall cleave to the house of Jacob.

And the people shall take them, and bring them to their place:

and the house of Israel shall possess them in the land of the LORD for servants and handmaids:

and they shall take them captives, whose captives they were;

and they shall rule over their oppressors. And it shall come to pass

in the day that the LORD shall give thee rest from thy sorrow,

and from thy fear, and from the hard bondage wherein thou wast made to serve,”

Isaiah 14:1 – 3

“For a small moment have I forsaken thee; but with great mercies will I gather thee.

In a little wrath I hid my face from thee for a moment;

but with everlasting kindness will I have mercy on thee, saith the LORD thy Redeemer.”

Isaiah 54:7,8

“Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that it shall no more be said, The LORD liveth, that brought up the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt; But, The LORD liveth, which brought up and which led the seed of the house of Israel out of the north country, and from all countries whither I had driven them; and they shall dwell in their own land.” Jeremiah 23:7,8

“But fear not thou, O my servant Jacob, and be not dismayed, O Israel: for, behold, I will save thee from afar off, and thy seed from the land of their captivity; and Jacob shall return, and be in rest and at ease, and none shall make him afraid.” Jeremiah 46:27

“I was wroth with my people, I have polluted mine inheritance, and given them into thine hand: thou didst shew them no mercy; upon the ancient hast thou very heavily laid thy yoke.” Isaiah 47:6

But, The LORD liveth, that brought up the children of Israel from the land of the north, and from all the lands whither he had driven them: and I will bring them again into their land that I gave unto their fathers.” Jeremiah 16:14,15

“The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying, Thus speaketh the LORD God of Israel, saying, Write thee all the words that I have spoken unto thee in a book. For, lo, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will bring again the captivity of my people Israel and Judah, saith the LORD: and I will cause them to return to the land that I gave to their fathers, and they shall possess it. And these are the words that the LORD spake concerning Israel and concerning Judah.” Jeremiah 30:1 – 4

“For it shall come to pass in that day, saith the LORD of hosts, that I will break his yoke from off thy neck, and will burst thy bonds, and strangers shall no more serve themselves of him: But they shall serve the LORD their God, and David their king, whom I will raise up unto them.” Jeremiah 30:8,9

“…thou shalt return and obey the voice of the LORD, and do all his commandments which I command thee this day. And the LORD thy God will make thee plenteous in every work of thine hand, in the fruit of thy body, and in the fruit of thy cattle, and in the fruit of thy land, for good: for the LORD will again rejoice over thee for good, as he rejoiced over thy fathers: If thou shalt hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to keep his commandments and his statutes which are written in this book of the law, and if thou turn unto the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul. For this commandment which I command thee this day, it is not hidden from thee, neither is it far off. It is not in heaven, that thou shouldest say, Who shall go up for us to heaven, and bring it unto us, that we may hear it, and do it? Neither is it beyond the sea, that thou shouldest say, Who shall go over the sea for us, and bring it unto us, that we may hear it, and do it? But the word is very nigh unto thee, in thy mouth, and in thy heart, that thou mayest do it. See, I have set before thee this day life and good, and death and evil; In that I command thee this day to love the LORD thy God, to walk in his ways, and to keep his commandments and his statutes and his judgments, that thou mayest live and multiply: and the LORD thy God shall bless thee in the land whither thou goest to possess it.” Deuteronomy 30:8 -16

“Only be thou strong and very courageous, that thou mayest observe to do according to all the law, which Moses my servant commanded thee: turn not from it to the right hand or to the left, that thou mayest prosper whithersoever thou goest. This book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth; but thou shalt meditate therein day and night, that thou mayest observe to do according to all that is written therein: for then thou shalt make thy way prosperous, and then thou shalt have good success. Have not I commanded thee? Be strong and of a good courage; be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed: for the LORD thy God is with thee whithersoever thou goest.” Joshua 1:7 – 9

“Since thou wast precious in my sight, thou hast been honourable, and I have loved thee: therefore will I give men for thee, and people for thy life. Fear not: for I am with thee: I will bring thy seed from the east, and gather thee from the west; I will say to the north, Give up; and to the south, Keep not back: bring my sons from far, and my daughters from the ends of the earth; Even every one that is called by my name: for I have created him for my glory, I have formed him; yea, I have made him.” Isaiah 43:4 - 7

“Therefore fear thou not, O my servant Jacob, saith the LORD; neither be dismayed, O Israel: for, lo, I will save thee from afar, and thy seed from the land of their captivity; and Jacob shall return, and shall be in rest, and be quiet, and none shall make him afraid. For I am with thee, saith the LORD, to save thee: though I make a full end of all nations whither I have scattered thee, yet will I not make a full end of thee: but I will correct thee in measure, and will not leave thee altogether unpunished.

“Therefore all they that devour thee shall be devoured; and all thine adversaries, every one of them, shall go into captivity; and they that spoil thee shall be a spoil, and all that prey upon thee will I give for a prey.” Jeremiah 30:10,11,16

“Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will bring again the captivity of Jacob's tents, and have mercy on his dwelling places; and the city shall be builded upon her own heap, and the palace shall remain after the manner thereof. And out of them shall proceed thanksgiving and the voice of them that make merry: and I will multiply them, and they shall not be few; I will also glorify them, and they shall not be small. Their children also shall be as aforetime, and their congregation shall be established before me, and I will punish all that oppress them. And their nobles shall be of themselves, and their governor shall proceed from the midst of them; and I will cause him to draw near, and he shall approach unto me: for who is this that engaged his heart to approach unto me? saith the LORD. And ye shall be my people, and I will be your God. Behold, the whirlwind of the LORD goeth forth with fury, a continuing whirlwind: it shall fall with pain upon the head of the wicked. The fierce anger of the LORD shall not return, until he have done it, and until he have performed the intents of his heart: in the latter days ye shall consider it.” Jeremiah 30:18 – 24

“Bind up the testimony, seal the law among my disciples. And I will wait upon the LORD, that hideth his face from the house of Jacob, and I will look for him. Behold, I and the children whom the LORD hath given me are for signs and for wonders in Israel from the LORD of hosts, which dwelleth in mount Zion.” Isaiah 8:16 – 18

“Thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I will lift up mine hand to the Gentiles, and set up my standard to the people: and they shall bring thy sons in their arms, and thy daughters shall be carried upon their shoulders. And kings shall be thy nursing fathers, and their queens thy nursing mothers: they shall bow down to thee with their face toward the earth, and lick up the dust of thy feet; and thou shalt know that I am the LORD: for they shall not be ashamed that wait for me. Shall the prey be taken from the mighty, or the lawful captive delivered? But thus saith the LORD, Even the captives of the mighty shall be taken away, and the prey of the terrible shall be delivered: for I will contend with him that contendeth with thee, and I will save thy children. And I will feed them that oppress thee with their own flesh; and they shall be drunken with their own blood, as with sweet wine: and all flesh shall know that I the LORD am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer, the mighty One of Jacob.” Isaiah 49:22 – 26

“Their children also shall be as aforetime, and their congregation shall be established before me, and I will punish all that oppress them. And their nobles shall be of themselves, and their governor shall proceed from the midst of them; and I will cause him to draw near, and he shall approach unto me: for who is this that engaged his heart to approach unto me? saith the LORD. And ye shall be my people, and I will be your God.” Jeremiah 30:20 – 22

“Thus saith the LORD, The people which were left of the sword found grace in the wilderness; even Israel, when I went to cause him to rest.

“Again I will build thee, and thou shalt be built, O virgin of Israel: thou shalt again be adorned with thy tabrets, and shalt go forth in the dances of them that make merry.” Jeremiah 31:2, 4

“For there shall be a day, that the watchmen upon the mount Ephraim shall cry, Arise ye, and let us go up to Zion unto the LORD our God. For thus saith the LORD; Sing with gladness for Jacob, and shout among the chief of the nations: publish ye, praise ye, and say, O LORD, save thy people, the remnant of Israel. Behold, I will bring them from the north country, and gather them from the coasts of the earth, and with them the blind and the lame, the woman with child and her that travaileth with child together: a great company shall return thither. They shall come with weeping, and with supplications will I lead them: I will cause them to walk by the rivers of waters in a straight way, wherein they shall not stumble: for I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn. Hear the word of the LORD, O ye nations, and declare it in the isles afar off, and say, He that scattered Israel will gather him, and keep him, as a shepherd doth his flock. For the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, and ransomed him from the hand of him that was stronger than he. Therefore they shall come and sing in the height of Zion, and shall flow together to the goodness of the LORD, for wheat, and for wine, and for oil, and for the young of the flock and of the herd: and their soul shall be as a watered garden; and they shall not sorrow any more at all. Then shall the virgin rejoice in the dance, both young men and old together: for I will turn their mourning into joy, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice from their sorrow. And I will satiate the soul of the priests with fatness, and my people shall be satisfied with my goodness, saith the LORD.” Jeremiah 31:6 - 14

“Thus saith the LORD; Refrain thy voice from weeping, and thine eyes from tears: for thy work shall be rewarded, saith the LORD; and they shall come again from the land of the enemy. And there is hope in thine end, saith the LORD, that thy children shall come again to their own border.” Jeremiah 31:16,17

“Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah: Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto them, saith the LORD: But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the LORD, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people. And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the LORD: for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD: for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.” Jeremiah 31:31 – 34

“In those days, and in that time, saith the LORD, the children of Israel shall come, they and the children of Judah together, going and weeping: they shall go, and seek the LORD their God. They shall ask the way to Zion with their faces thitherward, saying, Come, and let us join ourselves to the LORD in a perpetual covenant that shall not be forgotten. My people hath been lost sheep: their shepherds have caused them to go astray, they have turned them away on the mountains: they have gone from mountain to hill, they have forgotten their restingplace. All that found them have devoured them: and their adversaries said, We offend not, because they have sinned against the LORD, the habitation of justice, even the LORD, the hope of their fathers. Remove out of the midst of Babylon, and go forth out of the land of the Chaldeans, and be as the he goats before the flocks.” Jeremiah 50:4 - 8

“Therefore say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Although I have cast them far off among the heathen, and although I have scattered them among the countries, yet will I be to them as a little sanctuary in the countries where they shall come. Therefore say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will even gather you from the people, and assemble you out of the countries where ye have been scattered, and I will give you the land of Israel. And they shall come thither, and they shall take away all the detestable things thereof and all the abominations thereof from thence. And I will give them one heart, and I will put a new spirit within you; and I will take the stony heart out of their flesh, and will give them an heart of flesh: That they may walk in my statutes, and keep mine ordinances, and do them: and they shall be my people, and I will be their God.” Ezekiel 11:16 - 20

“And I the LORD will be their God, and my servant David a prince among them; I the LORD have spoken it.” Ezekiel 34:24

“And I will make them and the places round about my hill a blessing; and I will cause the shower to come down in his season; there shall be showers of blessing. And the tree of the field shall yield her fruit, and the earth shall yield her increase, and they shall be safe in their land, and shall know that I am the LORD, when I have broken the bands of their yoke, and delivered them out of the hand of those that served themselves of them. And they shall no more be a prey to the heathen, neither shall the beast of the land devour them; but they shall dwell safely, and none shall make them afraid. And I will raise up for them a plant of renown, and they shall be no more consumed with hunger in the land, neither bear the shame of the heathen any more. Thus shall they know that I the LORD their God am with them, and that they, even the house of Israel, are my people, saith the Lord GOD. And ye my flock, the flock of my pasture, are men, and I am your God, saith the Lord GOD.” Ezekiel 34:26 – 31

“The remnant of Israel shall not do iniquity, nor speak lies; neither shall a deceitful tongue be found in their mouth: for they shall feed and lie down, and none shall make them afraid. Sing, O daughter of Zion; shout, O Israel; be glad and rejoice with all the heart, O daughter of Jerusalem. The LORD hath taken away thy judgments, he hath cast out thine enemy: the king of Israel, even the LORD, is in the midst of thee: thou shalt not see evil any more. In that day it shall be said to Jerusalem, Fear thou not: and to Zion, Let not thine hands be slack. The LORD thy God in the midst of thee is mighty; he will save, he will rejoice over thee with joy; he will rest in his love, he will joy over thee with singing. I will gather them that are sorrowful for the solemn assembly, who are of thee, to whom the reproach of it was a burden. Behold, at that time I will undo all that afflict thee: and I will save her that halteth, and gather her that was driven out; and I will get them praise and fame in every land where they have been put to shame.” Zephaniah 3:13 - 19

THESE ARE THE PEOPLE THE CREATOR GOD CHOSE

AND MADE A NATION UNTO HIMSELF

“And God said moreover unto Moses,

Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel,

The LORD God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob,

hath sent me unto you:

this is my name for ever, and this is my memorial unto all generations.”

Exodus 3:15

“And what one nation in the earth is like thy people, even like Israel,

whom God went to redeem for a people to himself, and to make him a name,

and to do for you great things and terrible, for thy land, before thy people,

which thou redeemedst to thee from Egypt, from the nations and their gods?

For thou hast confirmed to thyself thy people Israel to be a people unto thee for ever:

and thou, LORD, art become their God.”

II Samuel 7:23,24

“I am the LORD, your Holy One, the creator of Israel, your King.”

Isaiah 43:15

“Yet I am the LORD thy God from the land of Egypt,

and thou shalt know no god but me: for there is no saviour beside me.”

Hosea 13:4

“Behold, I have taught you statutes and judgments, even as the LORD my God commanded me,

that ye should do so in the land whither ye go to possess it. Keep therefore and do them;

for this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the nations,

which shall hear all these statutes, and say, Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.

For what nation is there so great, who hath God so nigh unto them,

as the LORD our God is in all things that we call upon him for? And what nation is there so great,

that hath statutes and judgments so righteous as all this law,

which I set before you this day?”

Deuteronomy 4:5 - 8

“Hear therefore, O Israel, and observe to do it; that it may be well with thee,

and that ye may increase mightily, as the LORD God of thy fathers hath promised thee,

in the land that floweth with milk and honey. Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God is one LORD:

And thou shalt love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul,

and with all thy might. And these words, which I command thee this day, shall be in thine heart:

And thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children,

and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way,

and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up.”

Deuteronomy 6:3 - 7

“Thou shalt fear the LORD thy God;

him shalt thou serve, and to him shalt thou cleave, and swear by his name.

He is thy praise, and he is thy God, that hath done for thee these great and terrible things,

which thine eyes have seen.”

Deuteronomy 10:20,21

“And the LORD said unto Abram…Lift up now thine eyes, and look from the place where thou art northward, and southward, and eastward, and westward: For all the land which thou seest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed for ever.” Genesis 13:14,15

“And he said unto him, I am the LORD that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee this land to inherit it.

^“In the same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates:” Genesis 15:7,18

“And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, the LORD appeared to Abram, and said unto him, I am the Almighty God; walk before me, and be thou perfect. And I will make my covenant between me and thee, and will multiply thee exceedingly. And Abram fell on his face: and God talked with him, saying, As for me, behold, my covenant is with thee, and thou shalt be a father of many nations. Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many nations have I made thee. And I will make thee exceeding fruitful, and I will make nations of thee, and kings shall come out of thee. And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee. And I will give unto thee, and to thy seed after thee, the land wherein thou art a stranger, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession; and I will be their God. And God said unto Abraham, Thou shalt keep my covenant therefore, thou, and thy seed after thee in their generations. This is my covenant, which ye shall keep, between me and you and thy seed after thee; Every man child among you shall be circumcised. And ye shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin; and it shall be a token of the covenant betwixt me and you. And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised among you, every man child in your generations, he that is born in the house, or bought with money of any stranger, which is not of thy seed. He that is born in thy house, and he that is bought with thy money, must needs be circumcised: and my covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant. And the uncircumcised man child whose flesh of his foreskin is not circumcised, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath broken my covenant.” Genesis 17:1 – 14

“For the LORD'S portion is his people; Jacob is the lot of his inheritance. He found him in a desert land, and in the waste howling wilderness; he led him about, he instructed him, he kept him as the apple of his eye. As an eagle stirreth up her nest, fluttereth over her young, spreadeth abroad her wings, taketh them, beareth them on her wings: So the LORD alone did lead him, and there was no strange god with him.” Deuteronomy 32:9 – 12

“For thou hast confirmed to thyself thy people Israel to be a people unto thee for ever: and thou, LORD, art become their God.” II Samuel 7:24

“You only have I known of all the families of the earth: therefore I will punish you for all your iniquities.” Amos 3:2

“O LORD, there is none like thee, neither is there any God beside thee, according to all that we have heard with our ears. And what one nation in the earth is like thy people Israel, whom God went to redeem to be his own people, to make thee a name of greatness and terribleness, by driving out nations from before thy people, whom thou hast redeemed out of Egypt? For thy people Israel didst thou make thine own people for ever; and thou, LORD, becamest their God.” I Chronicles 17:20 - 22

“And ye shall know that I am in the midst of Israel, and that I am the LORD your God, and none else: and my people shall never be ashamed.” Joel 2:27

“,,,among the tribes of Israel have I made known that which shall surely be.” Hosea 5:9

It was ONLY given to the Tribe of Levi to MINISTER before the CREATOR GOD of Israel and to sacrifice unto HIM:

“And take thou unto thee Aaron thy brother, and his sons with him, from among the children of Israel, that he may minister unto me in the priest's office, even Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron's sons. And thou shalt make holy garments for Aaron thy brother for glory and for beauty.” Exodus 28:1,2

“And I will sanctify the tabernacle of the congregation, and the altar: I will sanctify also both Aaron and his sons, to minister to me in the priest's office. And I will dwell among the children of Israel, and will be their God. And they shall know that I am the LORD their God, that brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, that I may dwell among them: I am the LORD their God.” Exodus 29:44 – 46

“Behold, I have taught you statutes and judgments, even as the LORD my God commanded me, that ye should do so in the land whither ye go to possess it. Keep therefore and do them; for this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the nations, which shall hear all these statutes, and say, Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.” Deuteronomy 4:5,6

“Did ever people hear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as thou hast heard, and live?

“And because he loved thy fathers, therefore he chose their seed after them, and brought thee out in his sight with his mighty power out of Egypt; To drive out nations from before thee greater and mightier than thou art, to bring thee in, to give thee their land for an inheritance, as it isthis day. Know therefore this day, and consider it in thine heart, that the LORD he is God in heaven above, and upon the earth beneath: there is none else. Thou shalt keep therefore his statutes, and his commandments, which I command thee this day, that it may go well with thee, and with thy children after thee, and that thou mayest prolong thy days upon the earth, which the LORD thy God giveth thee, for ever.” Deuteronomy 4:33,37 – 40

“Only the LORD had a delight in thy fathers to love them, and he chose their seed after them, even you above all people, as it is this day.” Deuteronomy 10:15

“The LORD thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet from the midst of thee, of thy brethren, like unto me; unto him ye shall hearken;” Deuteronomy 18:15

“For the LORD'S portion is his people; Jacob is the lot of his inheritance.” Deuteronomy 32:9

“Happy art thou, O Israel: who is like unto thee, O people saved by the LORD, the shield of thy help, and who is the sword of thy excellency! and thine enemies shall be found liars unto thee; and thou shalt tread upon their high places.” Deuteronomy 33:29

“He sheweth his word unto Jacob, his statutes and his judgments unto Israel. He hath not dealt so with any nation: and as for hisjudgments, they have not known them. Praise ye the LORD.” Psalm 147:19,20

“This people have I formed for myself; they shall shew forth my praise.” Isaiah 43:21

“O LORD, why hast thou made us to err from thy ways, and hardened our heart from thy fear? Return for thy servants' sake, the tribes of thine inheritance. The people of thy holiness have possessed it but a little while: our adversaries have trodden down thy sanctuary. We are thine: thou never barest rule over them; they were not called by thy name.” Isaiah 63:17 - 19

“Ye are my witnesses, saith the LORD, and my servant whom I have chosen: that ye may know and believe me, and understand that I am he: before me there was no God formed, neither shall there be after me. I, even I, am the LORD; and beside me there is no saviour. I have declared, and have saved, and I have shewed, when there was no strange god among you: therefore ye are my witnesses, saith the LORD, that I am God.” Isaiah 43:10 – 12

“For in mine holy mountain, in the mountain of the height of Israel, saith the Lord GOD, there shall all the house of Israel, all of them in the land, serve me: there will I accept them, and there will I require your offerings, and the firstfruits of your oblations, with all your holy things. I will accept you with your sweet savour, when I bring you out from the people, and gather you out of the countries wherein ye have been scattered; and I will be sanctified in you before the heathen. And ye shall know that I am the LORD, when I shall bring you into the land of Israel, into the country for the which I lifted up mine hand to give it to your fathers. And there shall ye remember your ways, and all your doings, wherein ye have been defiled; and ye shall loathe yourselves in your own sight for all your evils that ye have committed. And ye shall know that I am the LORD, when I have wrought with you for my name's sake, not according to your wicked ways, nor according to your corrupt doings, O ye house of Israel, saith the Lord GOD.” Ezekiel 20:40 - 44

ONLY GOD’s RIGHTEOUS LAW is the acceptable Spirituality and Walk of Life for HIS People, as well as for all others who choose to make HIM their GOD.

*****

WHAT THE CREATOR GOD REQUIRES

“And the LORD said unto Moses, Come up to me into the mount, and be there:

and I will give thee tables of stone, and a law, and commandments which I have written;

that thou mayest teach them.”

Exodus 24:12

“Thou camest down also upon mount Sinai, and spakest with them from heaven,

and gavest them right judgments, and true laws, good statutes and commandments:

And madest known unto them thy holy sabbath,

and commandedst them precepts, statutes, and laws, by the hand of Moses thy servant:”

Nehemiah 9:13,14

“Blessed is the man whom thou chastenest, O LORD, and teachest him out of thy law;”

Psalm 94:12

“The LORD is well pleased for his righteousness' sake;

he will magnify the law, and make it honourable.”

Isaiah 42:21

“Thus saith the LORD, Stand ye in the ways, and see, and ask for the old paths,

where is the good way, and walk therein, and ye shall find rest for your souls.

But they said, We will not walk therein.”

Jeremiah 6:16

It should be perfectly understood that the CREATOR GOD wrote a Righteous Way of Life for all mankind to follow, even at the time of CREATION, but mankind did not take heed, and was destroyed in the FLOOD. Afterwards, the CREATOR established for HIMSELF a Chosen/Covenant People and presented for them the SAME Ways of Righteousness for them to live and do. HE never once changed HIS Book of the Law, but rather Commanded that it be kept to a thousand generations and even forever. The point being made here is that the Christian theology that entails worship of a man-god was written by men according to their inspirations and imaginations all because they did not want to embrace a GOD of Judgment for sin.

“Thou shalt not raise a false report: put not thine hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness. Thou shalt not follow a multitude to do evil; neither shalt thou speak in a cause to decline after many to wrest judgment:” Exodus 23:1,2

“And I charged your judges at that time, saying, Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between every man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him. Ye shall not respect persons in judgment; but ye shall hear the small as well as the great; ye shall not be afraid of the face of man; for the judgment is God's: and the cause that is too hard for you, bring it unto me, and I will hear it.” Deuteronomy 1:16,17

The Christian philosophy is “Judge not, that ye be not judged.” This is not according to the WORD of GOD, which Commands that sinners be JUDGED: “For I the LORD love judgment…(Isaiah 61:8)”, and “Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice like a trumpet, and shew my people their transgression, and the house of Jacob their sins (Isaiah 58:1).”

“Know therefore that the LORD thy God, he is God, the faithful God, which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that love him and keep his commandments to a thousand generations;” Deuteronomy 7:9

“And the statutes, and the ordinances, and the law, and the commandment, which he wrote for you, ye shall observe to do for evermore; and ye shall not fear other gods. And the covenant that I have made with you ye shall not forget; neither shall ye fear other gods.” II Kings 17:37,38

“And now, Israel, what doth the LORD thy God require of thee, but to fear the LORD thy God, to walk in all his ways, and to love him, and to serve the LORD thy God with all thy heart and with all thy soul, To keep the commandments of the LORD, and his statutes, which I command thee this day for thy good? Behold, the heaven and the heaven of heavens is the LORD'S thy God, the earth also, with all that therein is. Only the LORD had a delight in thy fathers to love them, and he chose their seed after them, even you above all people, as it is this day. Circumcise therefore the foreskin of your heart, and be no more stiffnecked. For the LORD your God is God of gods, and Lord of lords, a great God, a mighty, and a terrible, which regardeth not persons, nor taketh reward: He doth execute the judgment of the fatherless and widow, and loveth the stranger, in giving him food and raiment. Love ye therefore the stranger: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt. Thou shalt fear the LORD thy God; him shalt thou serve, and to him shalt thou cleave, and swear by his name. He is thy praise, and he is thy God, that hath done for thee these great and terrible things, which thine eyes have seen. Thy fathers went down into Egypt with threescore and ten persons; and now the LORD thy God hath made thee as the stars of heaven for multitude.” Deuteronomy 10: 12 – 22

“And it shall come to pass, when all these things are come upon thee, the blessing and the curse, which I have set before thee, and thou shalt call them to mind among all the nations, whither the LORD thy God hath driven thee, And shalt return unto the LORD thy God, and shalt obey his voice according to all that I command thee this day, thou and thy children, with all thine heart, and with all thy soul; That then the LORD thy God will turn thy captivity, and have compassion upon thee, and will return and gather thee from all the nations, whither the LORD thy God hath scattered thee. If any of thine be driven out unto the outmost parts of heaven, from thence will the LORD thy God gather thee, and from thence will he fetch thee: And the LORD thy God will bring thee into the land which thy fathers possessed, and thou shalt possess it; and he will do thee good, and multiply thee above thy fathers.” Deuteronomy 30:1 – 5

“For what nation is there so great, who hath God so nigh unto them, as the LORD our God is in all things that we call upon him for? And what nation is there so great, that hath statutes and judgments so righteous as all this law, which I set before you this day? Only take heed to thyself, and keep thy soul diligently, lest thou forget the things which thine eyes have seen, and lest they depart from thy heart all the days of thy life: but teach them thy sons, and thy sons' sons; Specially the day that thou stoodest before the LORD thy God in Horeb, when the LORD said unto me, Gather me the people together, and I will make them hear my words, that they may learn to fear me all the days that they shall live upon the earth, and that they may teach their children.” Deuteronomy 4:7 - 10

“That thou mayest love the LORD thy God, and that thou mayest obey his voice, and that thou mayest cleave unto him: for he is thy life, and the length of thy days: that thou mayest dwell in the land which the LORD sware unto thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give them.” Deuteronomy 30:20

“And he said unto them, Set your hearts unto all the words which I testify among you this day, which ye shall command your children to observe to do, all the words of this law.

For it is not a vain thing for you; because it is your life: and through this thing ye shall prolong your days in the land, whither ye go over Jordan to possess it.^” Deuteronomy 32:47

“Cursed be he that confirmeth not all the words of this law to do them. And all the people shall say, Amen.” Deuteronomy 27:26

“What thing soever I command you, observe to do it: thou shalt not add thereto, nor diminish from it.” Deuteronomy 12:32

“Only be thou strong and very courageous, that thou mayest observe to do according to all the law, which Moses my servant commanded thee: turn not from it to the right hand or to the left, that thou mayest prosper whithersoever thou goest. This book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth; but thou shalt meditate therein day and night, that thou mayest observe to do according to all that is written therein: for then thou shalt make thy way prosperous, and then thou shalt have good success. Have not I commanded thee? Be strong and of a good courage; be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed: for the LORD thy God is with thee whithersoever thou goest.” Joshua 1:7 - 9

“The law of the LORD is perfect, converting the soul: the testimony of the LORD is sure, making wise the simple. The statutes of the LORD are right, rejoicing the heart: the commandment of the LORD is pure, enlightening the eyes. The fear of the LORD is clean, enduring for ever: the judgments of the LORD are true and righteous altogether. More to be desired are they than gold, yea, than much fine gold: sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb. Moreover by them is thy servant warned: and in keeping of them there is great reward.” Psalm 19:7 – 11

*****

THE CREATOR GOD WILL SAVE HIS PEOPLE

“Behold, he that keepeth Israel shall neither slumber nor sleep. The LORD is thy keeper:

the LORD is thy shade upon thy right hand.

The sun shall not smite thee by day, nor the moon by night.

The LORD shall preserve thee from all evil: he shall preserve thy soul.

The LORD shall preserve thy going out and thy coming in

from this time forth, and even for evermore.”

Psalm 121:4 - 8

“…I will contend with him that contendeth with thee, and I will save thy children.

And I will feed them that oppress thee with their own flesh;

and they shall be drunken with their own blood, as with sweet wine:

and all flesh shall know that I the LORD am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer,

the mighty One of Jacob.”

Isaiah 49:25,26

“And the sons of strangers shall build up thy walls, and their kings shall minister unto thee: for in my wrath I smote thee, but in my favour have I had mercy on thee. Therefore thy gates shall be open continually; they shall not be shut day nor night; that men may bring unto thee the forces of the Gentiles, and that their kings may be brought. For the nation and kingdom that will not serve thee shall perish; yea, those nations shall be utterly wasted. The glory of Lebanon shall come unto thee, the fir tree, the pine tree, and the box together, to beautify the place of my sanctuary; and I will make the place of my feet glorious. The sons also of them that afflicted thee shall come bending unto thee; and all they that despised thee shall bow themselves down at the soles of thy feet; and they shall call thee, The city of the LORD, The Zion of the Holy One of Israel. Whereas thou hast been forsaken and hated, so that no man went through thee, I will make thee an eternal excellency, a joy of many generations. Thou shalt also suck the milk of the Gentiles, and shalt suck the breast of kings: and thou shalt know that I the LORD am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer, the mighty One of Jacob. For brass I will bring gold, and for iron I will bring silver, and for wood brass, and for stones iron: I will also make thy officers peace, and thine exactors righteousness. Violence shall no more be heard in thy land, wasting nor destruction within thy borders; but thou shalt call thy walls Salvation, and thy gates Praise. The sun shall be no more thy light by day; neither for brightness shall the moon give light unto thee: but the LORD shall be unto thee an everlasting light, and thy God thy glory. Thy sun shall no more go down; neither shall thy moon withdraw itself: for the LORD shall be thine everlasting light, and the days of thy mourning shall be ended. Thy people also shall be all righteous: they shall inherit the land for ever, the branch of my planting, the work of my hands, that I may be glorified. A little one shall become a thousand, and a small one a strong nation: I the LORD will hasten it in his time.” Isaiah 60:10 – 22

“For it shall come to pass in that day, saith the LORD of hosts, that I will break his yoke from off thy neck, and will burst thy bonds, and strangers shall no more serve themselves of him: But they shall serve the LORD their God, and David their king, whom I will raise up unto them. Therefore fear thou not, O my servant Jacob, saith the LORD; neither be dismayed, O Israel: for, lo, I will save thee from afar, and thy seed from the land of their captivity; and Jacob shall return, and shall be in rest, and be quiet, and none shall make him afraid. For I am with thee, saith the LORD, to save thee: though I make a full end of all nations whither I have scattered thee, yet will I not make a full end of thee: but I will correct thee in measure, and will not leave thee altogether unpunished.” Jeremiah 30:8 – 11

“For I am the LORD thy God, the Holy One of Israel, thy Saviour: I gave Egypt for thy ransom, Ethiopia and Seba for thee. Since thou wast precious in my sight, thou hast been honourable, and I have loved thee: therefore will I give men for thee, and people for thy life Fear not: for I am with thee: I will bring thy seed from the east, and gather thee from the west; I will say to the north, Give up; and to the south, Keep not back: bring my sons from far, and my daughters from the ends of the earth; Even every one that is called by my name: for I have created him for my glory, I have formed him; yea, I have made him.” Isaiah 43:3 – 7

“Thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I will lift up mine hand to the Gentiles, and set up my standard to the people: and they shall bring thy sons in their arms, and thy daughters shall be carried upon their shoulders.” Isaiah 49:22

“Surely the isles shall wait for me, and the ships of Tarshish first, to bring thy sons from far, their silver and their gold with them, unto the name of the LORD thy God, and to the Holy One of Israel, because he hath glorified thee.” Isaiah 60:9

“Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that it shall no more be said, The LORD liveth, that brought up the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt; But, The LORD liveth, that brought up the children of Israel from the land of the north, and from all the lands whither he had driven them: and I will bring them again into their land that I gave unto their fathers.” Jeremiah 16:14,15

“Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that they shall no more say, The LORD liveth, which brought up the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt; But, The LORD liveth, which brought up and which led the seed of the house of Israel out of the north country, and from all countries whither I had driven them; and they shall dwell in their own land.” Jeremiah 23:7,8

“Therefore fear thou not, O my servant Jacob, saith the LORD; neither be dismayed, O Israel: for, lo, I will save thee from afar, and thy seed from the land of their captivity; and Jacob shall return, and shall be in rest, and be quiet, and none shall make him afraid. For I am with thee, saith the LORD, to save thee: though I make a full end of all nations whither I have scattered thee, yet will I not make a full end of thee: but I will correct thee in measure, and will not leave thee altogether unpunished.” Jeremiah 30:10,11

“The remnant of Israel shall not do iniquity, nor speak lies; neither shall a deceitful tongue be found in their mouth: for they shall feed and lie down, and none shall make them afraid. Sing, O daughter of Zion; shout, O Israel; be glad and rejoice with all the heart, O daughter of Jerusalem. The LORD hath taken away thy judgments, he hath cast out thine enemy: the king of Israel, even the LORD, is in the midst of thee: thou shalt not see evil any more. In that day it shall be said to Jerusalem, Fear thou not: and to Zion, Let not thine hands be slack. The LORD thy God in the midst of thee is mighty; he will save, he will rejoice over thee with joy; he will rest in his love, he will joy over thee with singing. I will gather them that are sorrowful for the solemn assembly, who are of thee, to whom the reproach of it was a burden. Behold, at that time I will undo all that afflict thee: and I will save her that halteth, and gather her that was driven out; and I will get them praise and fame in every land where they have been put to shame. At that time will I bring you again, even in the time that I gather you: for I will make you a name and a praise among all people of the earth, when I turn back your captivity before your eyes, saith the LORD.” Zephaniah 3:13 – 20

AT THIS POINT IT SHOULD UNDERSTOOD THAT ALTHOUGH THE CREATOR GOD OF ISRAEL HAS A CHOSEN/COVENANT PEOPLE, HE WILL ALSO SAVE AND EMBRACE ALL PEOPLES WHO WILL ACCEPT HIS WAYS OF RIGHTEOUSNESS TO LIVE BY THEM.

“Thus saith the LORD, Keep ye judgment, and do justice: for my salvation is near to come, and my righteousness to be revealed. Blessed is the man that doeth this, and the son of man that layeth hold on it; that keepeth the sabbath from polluting it, and keepeth his hand from doing any evil. Neither let the son of the stranger, that hath joined himself to the LORD, speak, saying, The LORD hath utterly separated me from his people: neither let the eunuch say, Behold, I am a dry tree. For thus saith the LORD unto the eunuchs that keep my sabbaths, and choose the things that please me, and take hold of my covenant; Even unto them will I give in mine house and within my walls a place and a name better than of sons and of daughters: I will give them an everlasting name, that shall not be cut off. Also the sons of the stranger, that join themselves to the LORD, to serve him, and to love the name of the LORD, to be his servants, every one that keepeth the sabbath from polluting it, and taketh hold of my covenant; Even them will I bring to my holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer: their burnt offerings and their sacrifices shall be accepted upon mine altar; for mine house shall be called an house of prayer for all people. The Lord GOD which gathereth the outcasts of Israel saith, Yet will I gather others to him, beside those that are gathered unto him.” Isaiah 56:1 – 8

“One law and one manner shall be for you, and for the stranger that sojourneth with you.

^“Ye shall have one law for him that sinneth through ignorance, both for him that is born among the children of Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them.” Numbers 15:16,29

“And Moses commanded them, saying, At the end of every seven years, in the solemnity of the year of release, in the feast of tabernacles, When all Israel is come to appear before the LORD thy God in the place which he shall choose, thou shalt read this law before all Israel in their hearing. Gather the people together, men, and women, and children, and thy stranger that is within thy gates, that they may hear, and that they may learn, and fear the LORD your God, and observe to do all the words of this law: And that their children, which have not known any thing, may hear, and learn to fear the LORD your God, as long as ye live in the land whither ye go over Jordan to possess it.” Deuteronomy 31:10 - 13

*****

*******The LawKeepers, Co.*******

Canaan is the Land / Jerusalem is the Place

*Where Our GOD Has Said HIS Heart Would Be*

http://www.thelawkeepers.org

Don H. Thompson, President

August 24, 2010

President Barack Obama

President of the United States of America

The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20500

Dear President Obama,

In behalf of the EXODUS TWO Members please accept my letter in response to your letter dated June 2, 2010 in which absolutely nothing was written concerning our request to you.

I have admired you for your love of family and for your sincere desires to strive for betterment and change in impoverished communities in this society and in government, even though you are up against many unfair obstacles. Nevertheless, you were elected president of the United States for your selfless ideals. However, since you took office your efforts have only been to appease and address the Whites who are so vocal and disrespectful towards you even though you work to remedy their problems.

It would appear that you have completely forgotten the Blacks who have waited so long for someone in the office of the President of the United States to hear our concerns and address them. And for sure, we had thought that you would at least consider our plight and agree to discuss the matter of our freedom that we so desperately want and deserve.

The EXODUS TWO Members wrote to you requesting an audience to discuss our FREEDOM to RESETTLE in a friendly country of our choice with US Aid for our RESETTLEMENT for the forced migration to these shores and for the ethnic cleansing of our forefathers. For good reasons we have requested an audience with you. The race hatred and double standards in this country have only worsened, even since you have become president. Disrespect towards you from the media, government, and the mainstream thrive and fester.

More importantly, Mr. President, our GOD of Israel has shown us that we are of the SEED of the Biblical Israelites, and HE has put it in our hearts to leave the lands that took us as Slaves. Our GOD of Israel has shown us HIS Mercy and has heard our cries and prayers for Deliverance out of this unbearable injustice, affliction, and suffering of Black minorities in these United States, just as HE heard the prayers of our forefathers who barely survived this Egyptian House of Bondage.

For the eight years of the George W. Bush presidency, the peoples of the United States and the world witnessed a war on Iraq based on unfounded weapons of mass destruction and have suffered dearly because of it. The United States has since endured an economic downfall, whereby, hundreds of thousands have lost their jobs. And since first writing to you, recently, the United States has had to deal with a catastrophic oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Is this a plague from the CREATOR GOD of Israel like unto the ones HE manifest in the Land of Egypt to call attention to HIMSELF and to demonstrate HIS Great and Awesome POWERS before Pharaoh in order that he would let the Children of Israel go free out of Egypt? Assuredly, the things happening in the United States these days are something to contemplate, Mr. President, for indeed this country must do some serious soul searching for the many injustices that exist within the social, economical, and political systems.

Once again the Children of Israel are appealing to an authority for our FREEDOM to serve the GOD of Israel and to fulfill prophecy. Mr. President, you are that authority, and we hope that you realize the magnitude of our request and will let GOD’s People GO out of the land that grew wealthy off the backs of Slaves.

We hope to hear from you, so that we might discuss this matter that has been a long time coming.

FEAR AND GLORY THE HOLY ONE OF ISRAEL ALWAYS!

Respectfully,

Don H. Thompson

President, The LawKeepers, Co.

*****

*******The LawKeepers, Co.*******

Canaan is the Land / Jerusalem is the Place

*Where Our GOD Has Said HIS Heart Would Be*

http://www.thelawkeepers.org

Don H. Thompson, President

66 Elmwood Avenue

Hempstead, New York 11550

April 4, 2010

President Barack Obama

President of the United States of America

The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20500

Dear President Obama:

RE: Our HUMAN RIGHT to FREEDOM, RELOCATION, and RESETTLEMENT

The Blacks in the Slave Trade endured the worst enslavement recorded in the annals of history. In spite of our horrific past, descendants of Slaves have come to terms with this cruel and heinous period in the lives of our forebears and with the race hatred and discrimination that has followed. We do not seek the deaths of anyone or vengeance, but we do seek JUSTICE to be SERVED for forced migration, ethnic cleansing, and hundreds of years of free labor from the government for promoting and perpetuating this Holocaust. Therefore, we appeal to you to be a voice for our HUMAN RIGHT to FREEDOM, RELOCATION, and RESETTLEMENT, just as the United States government has been a voice for the European Jews who sought their savings in Swiss banks and who annually receive US tax dollars for Israeli growth and development. We wish for the same support and aid afforded Israelis in order that our children and we may pursue assured happiness - happiness that has eluded us for so very long.

Our hopes are that the United States will make arrangements for our immigration to a friendly country and will consult with that Head of State for our RESETTLEMENT. It would certainly be worthwhile that a FOUNDATION will be established to which all countries that prospered and grew wealthy off the Slave Trade will also contribute to this cause. We only want for us that the same considerations afforded the Japanese and the Native Americans for the maltreatment they endured will be settled and resolved for the enslavement of our forefathers.

Justice for the Slave Trade in Blacks out of Africa has been a long time coming, but we feel that now the time is right to make amends for the affliction, suffering, suppression, for the degradation of being treated like chattel, for the breeding, for the maiming, and for being denied an education. When the Slaves accepted their fate of free labor, the worst of anything that could have happened to them was yet to be realized. Their Slave Masters separated spouses and children from their parents only to be sold to other Slave Masters and never to be seen again. Without question, given the way people feel about their children, be they Black or White, we can now only imagine just how difficult this separation was for them to bear.

If the United States will realize the truth of the matter and the pain and affliction our forefathers belabored for the growth and the wealth of this country, we believe that the government and the peoples of the United States will be in agreement with our petition for our HUMAN RIGHT to FREEDOM, RELOCATION, and RESETTLEMENT.

The United States was recently pushing a resolution stating that what happened to the Armenians in 1915 was genocide. But yet, until now, only a meager few government officials have taken the stand to acknowledge the Slave Trade criminal and an inhumane act that destroyed lives, left Slaves in great despair, and without control of their lives for centuries.

I would like to emphasize that estimates of the number of Blacks who died on the trek to the Slave Castles, on the Middle Passage, and in the countries wherein they were enslaved have often been documented to be in only a few million, when in truth the number is in the tens of millions. These low estimates have been severely minimized to divert attention from the atrocities of the nations that took part in this trade in human beings. The figure is more likely in the region of a 100 million plus without exaggeration, and that would also qualify as genocide. The following link documents UNESCO's research on this most disturbing past.

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001113/111347e.pdf

We, the undersigned, are opening our own defense and seeking our HUMAN RIGHT to FREEDOM, RELOCATION, and RESETTLEMENT and a pursuit to happiness. We do not blame any one person for the Slave Trade. It was Colonial America and the United States Government that promoted and funded this trade in Blacks out of Africa. Therefore, it is to the United States government we make our appeal for our Exodus.

Of a truth, Blacks who were forcibly migrated to the shores of the Colonial and US powers will never technically be FREE until given liberty to return to their lands.  And because Black Slaves are the true victims of ethnic cleansing, descendants of Slaves who choose to seek their FREEDOM deserve funds for resettlement to purchase land for housing, schools, and farms, as well as for establishment of our small businesses for our livelihoods.

We, the undersigned, are the SEED of the Biblical Israelites, the Black Hebrew Israelites - the Lost Tribes of Israel - for whom the Slave Trade was instituted to fulfill Leviticus 26th and Deuteronomy 28th Chapters.  These two chapters, as well as other Hebrew Scriptures prove our identity. Our Biblical history has been usurped by others because of the great sins and abominations our forefathers committed against the CREATOR GOD of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (Exodus 3:15). 

I said, I would scatter them into corners, I would make the remembrance of them to cease from among men:   Deuteronomy 32:26

However, True to HIS WORD, Our GOD of Israel did scatter us, but now HE has opened our eyes to our true identity and is ready to cause our return.

And it shall come to pass in that day, that the remnant of Israel, and such as are escaped of the house of Jacob, shall no more again stay upon him that smote them; but shall stay upon the LORD, the Holy One of Israel, in truth. The remnant shall return, even the remnant of Jacob, unto the mighty God. For though thy people Israel be as the sand of the sea, yet a remnant of them shall return: the consumption decreed shall overflow with righteousness.   Isaiah 10:20 - 22

And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.  And he shall set up an ensign for the nations, and shall assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth.   Isaiah 11:11,12

Therefore fear thou not, O my servant Jacob, saith the LORD; neither be dismayed, O Israel: for, lo, I will save thee from afar, and thy seed from the land of their captivity; and Jacob shall return, and shall be in rest, and be quiet, and none shall make him afraid. Jeremiah 30:10

Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah: Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto them, saith the LORD: But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the LORD, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people. And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the LORD: for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD: for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more. Jeremiah 31:31 – 34

Behold, at that time I will undo all that afflict thee: and I will save her that halteth, and gather her that was driven out; and I will get them praise and fame in every land where they have been put to shame. Zephaniah 3:19

Please do note that these passages all hinge upon the Israelites returning back to the LAWS of GOD (Exodus 24:12), HIS Ways of Righteous, and this is what we have resigned ourselves to do.

And the LORD shall scatter you among the nations, and ye shall be left few in number among the heathen, whither the LORD shall lead you. And there ye shall serve gods, the work of men's hands, wood and stone, which neither see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell. But if from thence thou shalt seek the LORD thy God, thou shalt find him, if thou seek him with all thy heart and with all thy soul. When thou art in tribulation, and all these things are come upon thee, even in the latter days, if thou turn to the LORD thy God, and shalt be obedient unto his voice; (For the LORD thy God is a merciful God;) he will not forsake thee, neither destroy thee, nor forget the covenant of thy fathers which he sware unto them. Deuteronomy 4:27 – 31

And it shall come to pass, when all these things are come upon thee, the blessing and the curse, which I have set before thee, and thou shalt call them to mind among all the nations, whither the LORD thy God hath driven thee, And shalt return unto the LORD thy God, and shalt obey his voice according to all that I command thee this day, thou and thy children, with all thine heart, and with all thy soul; That then the LORD thy God will turn thy captivity, and have compassion upon thee, and will return and gather thee from all the nations, whither the LORD thy God hath scattered thee. If any of thine be driven out unto the outmost parts of heaven, from thence will the LORD thy God gather thee, and from thence will he fetch thee: Deuteronomy 30:1 - 4

And it shall come to pass, when all these things are come upon thee, the blessing and the curse, which I have set before thee, and thou shalt call them to mind among all the nations, whither the LORD thy God hath driven thee, And shalt return unto the LORD thy God, and shalt obey his voice according to all that I command thee this day, thou and thy children, with all thine heart, and with all thy soul; That then the LORD thy God will turn thy captivity, and have compassion upon thee, and will return and gather thee from all the nations, whither the LORD thy God hath scattered thee.  Deuteronomy 30:1 - 3

And I will gather the remnant of my flock out of all countries whither I have driven them, and will bring them again to their folds; and they shall be fruitful and increase.  And I will set up shepherds over them which shall feed them: and they shall fear no more, nor be dismayed, neither shall they be lacking, saith the LORD. Jeremiah 23:3,4

Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that they shall no more say, The LORD liveth, which brought up the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt; But, The LORD liveth, which brought up and which led the seed of the house of Israel out of the north country, and from all countries whither I had driven them; and they shall dwell in their own land. Jeremiah 23:7,8

Hear the word of the LORD, O ye nations, and declare it in the isles afar off, and say, He that scattered Israel will gather him, and keep him, as a shepherd doth his flock. For the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, and ransomed him from the hand of him that was stronger than he.   Jeremiah 31:10,11

Behold, at that time I will undo all that afflict thee: and I will save her that halteth, and gather her that was driven out; and I will get them praise and fame in every land where they have been put to shame.   Zephaniah 3:19

When you consider the Hebrew Scriptures and the prophecy within, it is hard to reject the Truth of this matter.  The Biblical Israelites were a Black People who forsook the GOD of Moses and rejected HIS Righteous LAW, and these are the reasons HE scattered us into the four corners of the Earth to serve our enemies.

Because thou servedst not the LORD thy God with joyfulness, and with gladness of heart, for the abundance of all things;  Therefore shalt thou serve thine enemies which the LORD shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things: and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have destroyed thee.   Deuteronomy 28:47,48

Wherefore I will bring the worst of the heathen, and they shall possess their houses: I will also make the pomp of the strong to cease; and their holy places shall be defiled.  Destruction cometh; and they shall seek peace, and there shall be none.  Ezekiel 7:24,25

However, just as the CREATOR GOD of Israel has promised HE will again, a "SECOND TIME", bring the Children of Israel out of the House of Bondage, and for this reason we approach you for our HUMAN RIGHT to FREEDOM, RELOCATION, and RESETTLEMENT.

I urge you to kindly consider our efforts to be FREED from the land that took our forebears Slaves in order that we may return to Our GOD of Moses and to HIS Paths of Righteousness – HIS Righteous Book of the Law and Way of Life HE set in stone for the Children of Israel to follow "forever" (Deu. 4^th Chapter and II Kings 17:36-39). 

Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that they shall no more say, The LORD liveth, which brought up the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt; But, The LORD liveth, which brought up and which led the seed of the house of Israel out of the north country, and from all countries whither I had driven them; and they shall dwell in their own land.   Jeremiah 23:7,8

We, like GOD's Servant Moses, are also making an appeal for our Exodus - that the United States will "Let My People Go!"

"… Moses and Aaron went in, and told Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Let my people go, that they may hold a feast unto me in the wilderness." Exodus 5:1

Our desire is to live in the Land of Israel, but we can wait upon the CREATOR GOD to make that possible. Until that time we are ready and prepared to live in harmony with peoples who are accepting of us.

Please know that we are strictly followers of the Book of the Law that the CREATOR GOD gave to HIS Prophet Moses to teach to the Children of Israel, and that is to say that we are not to be associated with Christians or Christianity in any way at all, for we are of the SEED of the Children of Israel. It is our sincere hope that you will consider who we are, our history, and our request for relief from the injury our forebears have endured and that we continue to suffer as we return to our CREATOR with all our hearts, souls, and minds.

We would greatly appreciate hearing from you so that we may discuss this most important matter at greater length, as soon as possible.

Respectfully yours,

MEMBERS IN BEHALF OF EXODUS TWO

Don H. Thompson

Ham E. Lomotey (UK)

Tziona Y. Nelson
Chasidah Baht Daweed Ben Yisrael

*****

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Canaan is the Land / Jerusalem is the Place

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Afraqueen@AOL.COM

October 2010 / Revised December 9, 2010

President Barack Obama

President of the United States of America

The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20500

October 2010

Open Letter to President Obama and the First Lady:

RE:  FREEDOM AND RESETTLEMENT

For almost two years now you will have occupied the White House trying to better the US economy, establish employment for the jobless, resolve the Middle East Crisis, and bring the soldiers home.  Your efforts have been admirable, but your progress has been slow and discouraging to many.  I don't have to tell you that thousands who voted for you have said they will not do so again all because you have not fulfilled your promises – never mind that you really and truly have tried.  

People are still out of work, the housing market suffers, and the economy shows no signs of substantial improvement, not to mention that republicans have been successful in stopping your efforts to make any achievements for the country that might insure your winning the next presidential election.  For these reasons, I do not believe you will be re-elected, especially because you have not addressed any Black concerns and you have completely ignored the Hispanics who had hoped for your vote of amnesty in order that they will be able to live in the United States.   And concerning peace in the Middle East and bringing the soldiers home, it appears that that will never happen, either.  Actually these two tasks are now next to impossible for you to accomplish.  Only the CREATOR GOD is capable of ending the turmoil and mayhem in the Middle East that the powers-that-be have caused.  Nevertheless, HE will resolve the matter HIS Way, as HE Judges this present world system and the powers-that-be that control it.  Nevertheless, Mr. President, you can do some soul searching and be a voice for descendants of Slaves and other minorities. In truth, I am at a loss as to why you chose to run for president knowing how racist the country is. Didn’t you have anyone to tell you what you were up against?

Presently, Mr. President, you sit in the seat of Pharaoh, so-to-speak because this matter again involves the Children of Israel in a land that holds them captive.  We, not all, but some of us Black Hebrew Israelites appeal to you for our FREEDOM for the human rights abuses our forefathers suffered and for the government of this country forcibly migrating them to these shores.  For far too long this atrocious Slave Trade has been ignored and without remedy, and apologies are not enough.  As it was with the White Jews, we, too, want restitution, and we want to be resettled elsewhere.  In essence, we want our FREEDOM, and we want to leave the United States.

When you were asked about Reparations for descendants of Slaves, you suggested education reform to for its substitute. While education should certainly be among the acts of restitution, it by no means can serve as the only course to remedy the cruel and savage Slave Trade that made chattel of Black peoples, that took their freedom, enslaved them, and inhibited their desire and right to self-determination even unto this day. The United States never suggested education reform to the victims of the White Jewish Holocaust. No one of any intelligence would dare to make such a suggestion to them. Even if education reform is rendered as Reparations, we know who will reap the benefits? I know and you know that Whites, as always, will win in such situations, and Blacks will get whatever crumbs that will trickle down to them. Affirmative Action is a perfect example. Thus, education reform for Blacks is a joke, as has been everything every candidate has promised for Black folks.

Until justice is rendered to descendants of Slaves, the CREATOR GOD will not allow countries that took Blacks as Slaves to move forward and even then, GOD does not wrest judgment. HE frowns upon exploitation, abuse of the poor, the fatherless, and the widow.

President Obama, you are a brilliant man, and with such outstanding genius, surely you know that Blacks will not move on until we attain our FREEDOM, and our dignity and our right to RESETTLEMENT and SELF-DETERMINATION. If you cannot do anything else, work in favor of the CREATOR GOD to give us our FREEDOM!

Given the WORD OF GOD and the prophecies at the mouth of HIS Prophets, it is my prayer that you make efforts to get a Bill passed that will give restitution to descendants of Slaves for the heinous Slave Trade that entailed forced migration and a barbaric and cruel enslavement that was entirely government initiated, instituted, and promoted.  In addition to this Bill, I wish you will establish an International Foundation to which all nations who grew wealthy off the backs of Slaves can contribute in order that descendants of Slaves will be able to RESETTLE in countries of their choice where they can buy land and build their own housing and schools, cultivate farmland, and have their own small businesses.  This you can accomplish without Congressional and Senatorial approval. Actually, the United Nations, the world body that was established for human rights, justice, and peace can serve you well in this endeavor. Consider what the UN and the US has done for the White Jews:

In 1945, "Agencies of the United Nations and of Jews from Palestine, the United States, and Britain became involved with the [DP] camps. They provided vocational and agricultural education, and financial, legal, and psychological assistance. "

"On November 29, 1947, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a plan that divided Palestine into an Arab state and a Jewish state…"

Let's not forgot how deeply involved the United Nations has been in the past with aiding the White Jews and in later days with the "Holocaust Remembrance Day" and "the Holocaust and Outreach Program". Where are the United States and the United Nations involvement in programs and matters concerning the worst Holocaust recorded in the annals of history – the Black Holocaust?

On several different occasions we have contacted you and your Justice Department by letter to discuss the savage injustices of the Black Holocaust that caused the deaths of 100 million captured Slaves and their enslavement throughout the world, but neither you nor the Justice Department has addressed this matter.  In truth, if White Jews can get US support for their Holocaust in the form of restitution, then why not Blacks?  You should know, Mr. President, that the marred backs of Slaves built the White House in which you presently reside. Let justice also prevail for us in order that we may pursue true happiness.

The CREATOR GOD put you in office for a reason.  And obviously, least of all it was to be the first Black President, because for sure, there will never be another Black President in the United States – as Fox folk and their ilk have determined.  The republicans and the White Jews are making sure of that, as well.  Nevertheless, assisting Blacks in this regard and giving the Hispanics amnesty will prove that you sincerely made the effort to render justice to descendants of Slaves and amnesty to the Hispanics.

So, Mr. President, for your legacy and for your heartfelt labors to improve the Hell in this country and the Hell on this Earth, consider my suggestion and above all, spare your lovely wife the heartache of racist Whites making fun of you, her, and your beautiful daughters.  I deplore the unwarranted negativity and racism in the media that makes fun of the First Family, and I know the First Lady does, as well. 

In the HOLY NAME of the Most HIGH CREATOR GOD, let the U.S. Constitution and Government that promoted and sustained the cruel and barbaric Slave Trade for 200 years set descendants of Slaves free to serve HIM and pursue happiness. Please contact me, as I am ready to work with you in regards to FREEDOM for captives - the descendants of the Slaves who were stolen from the shores of the continent of Africa.

Respectfully,

Tziona Yisrael

EXODUS TWO

THE LAWKEEPERS

http://www.thelawkeepers.org

***

*******The LawKeepers, Co.*******

Canaan is the Land / Jerusalem is the Place

*Where Our GOD Has Said HIS Heart Would Be*

Don H. Thompson, President

66 Elmwood Avenue

Hempstead, New York 11550

515-292-1440 / 718-924-0148 (Cell)

MilzAhead @AOL.COM

April 11, 2011

Secretary General Ban Ki-moon

Secretary-General of the United Nations

Two United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor

New York, NY 10017

His Excellency Ban Ki-Moon,

RE: The UN 2011 RESOLUTION,

The International Year for People of African Descent

FREEDOM, RESETTLEMENT, and REPARATIONS AND

THE AUDACITY TO BELIEVE IN THE POWER OF THE CREATOR GOD OF MOSES

I am writing to you in behalf of The LawKeepers, Co. and all Blacks who seek better lives for our children and for ourselves.

On December 18, 2009, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed the year beginning on January 1, 2011 The International Year for People of African Descent (A/RES/64/169). Without question upon learning of UN concern for Black Peoples, we were quite excited and thought that at last now there is reason to hope.

However, since December 18, 2009, we fail to see any activity or proposals or anything at all to speak of other than the General Assembly’s 2009 notice. Moreover, we have written to the General Assembly requesting to represent Blacks on the Committee associated with The UN 2011, The International Year for People of African Descent assignment but have received no response. I am sure you will agree that this is not the way to start The UN 2011, International Year for People of African Descent.

In that the United Nations is specifically involved in international social and humanitarian crises, the organization has not been a voice for the descendants of Blacks stolen out of Africa for enslavement that made the western nations wealthy. Why has the United Nations, which was established in 1946 to protect the human rights of all peoples, repeatedly turned a deaf ear to Black People’s letters requesting justice served?

- Descendants of Slaves want JUSTICE FOR FORCED MIGRATION OF BLACKS OUT OF AFRICA.

- Descendants of Slaves want the ETHNIC CLEANSING OF BLACKS TAKEN OUT OF AFRICA to be addressed.

- Descendants of Slaves want REPARATIONS for the 400 YEARS OF ENSLAVEMENT, IN WHICH AS MANY AS 100 MILLION PEOPLE DIED AS A RESULT OF THIS CAPTIVITY that made White nations wealthy off a brutal and barbaric peoples that yet effects their descendants.

- Descendants of Slaves want out of the racist societies in which we live and to be RESETTLED in other countries to pursue happiness.

History records the nations and their governments that took part in this Slave Trade. The nations that participated in this enslavement and crime against Black humanity were the United States, Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, Portugal, as well as others.

Black Peoples call for justice served and closure, so that we may move on. Please understand that our request is not just for members of The LawKeepers, Co. but for ALL DESCENDANTS OF SLAVES. In that we are in this land because our forebears were forcibly brought here as Slaves, we appeal to the United Nations for our right to seek our FREEDOM and to seek REPARATIONS for our RESETTLEMENT elsewhere. Not all Blacks are Hebrew Israelites, but they, too, have the right to leave out if they so desire.

Is it not our human right to be freed of the captivity in this land called America or other countries that were involved in the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade? In this regard, the nations and their governments that hold descendants of Slaves must be responsible for establishing an INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION to return descendants of Slaves to countries of their origin in order that families may pursue the happiness not found in captivity and may set up small businesses for their livelihoods. We are requesting that that which has been accomplished for other peoples be done for Blacks, as well.

We have sent so many, many letters to the United Nations under other Secretary Generals and UN Commissioners for Human Rights for over fifteen years, and not one has given us the courtesy of a reply addressing what’s fair and just for Black Peoples. If the United Nations is sincere about making 2011 The International Year for People of African Descent, then we implore you to respond to this letter in order that we may participate in making this endeavor a success.

Therefore, in the Holy Name of the GOD of Moses, it is our sincere desire that you meet with us in order that we may discuss this most important matter. In that Passover is upon us, it would be Divine to hear from you as soon as possible.

Sincerely,

Don H. Thompson, President

The LawKeepers, Co.

*******The LawKeepers, Co.*******

Canaan is the Land / Jerusalem is the Place

*Where Our GOD Has Said HIS Heart Would Be*

Don H. Thompson, President

66 Elmwood Avenue

Hempstead, New York 11550

February 21, 2011

Irina Bokova, Director-General

United Nations Educational, Scientific and

Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

1, Rue Miollis

75732 Paris Cedex 15 France

Dear Director-General Bokova:

RE: 2011 International Year for People of African Descent

Although we are Israelites and believe in the Most High GOD of Moses, we wish to speak in behalf of all Peoples of African Descent.

Soon it will be a year since the UN General Assembly’s Resolution of December 18, 2009 proclaimed 2011, International Year for People of African Descent. Unfortunately, to date, there has been no other information released about this objective, and it is already February 2011. Needless to say, we are quite excited about the United Nations taking the initiative to improve the social lives of People of African Descent.

The LawKeepers, Co. is very much involved in seeking benefits for African Americans, for as you know the majority of the Blacks here in the United States suffer economically, are in great despair, and are oppressed with impoverishment. More than that, our people are persecuted in all facets of the economic, social and political systems.

For that reason, we are requesting that the General Assemble will enable us to enlist our voices toward a valid resolution for ALL Peoples of African Descent.

In keeping with the past Colonial fight that proved successful for the founding fathers of America, “no taxation without representation”, we are appeals to the UN General Assembly Resolution to require that People of African Descent, sit on the Committee to insure that our concerns are heard and addressed. Very much it is our hope that you will give us that opportunity.

We hope that you will consider our request, as we have not yet been given a means to provide our voice in matters that have the potential to end and resolve the race hatred in America and in our lives.

We very much look forward to hearing from you.

Respectfully,

Don H. Thompson, President

The LawKeepers, Co.

*****

THERE IS BUT ONE CREATOR

AND HE ALONE IS GOD AND SAVIOR

“Be still, and know that I am God: I will be exalted among the heathen, I will be exalted in the earth.”

Psalm 46:10

“Fill their faces with shame; that they may seek thy name, O LORD.

“That men may know that thou, whose name alone is JEHOVAH,

art the most high over all the earth.”

Psalm 83:16,18

“For Jacob my servant's sake, and Israel mine elect, I have even called thee by thy name:

I have surnamed thee, though thou hast not known me. I am the LORD, and there is none else, there is no God beside me: I girded thee, though thou hast not known me:

That they may know from the rising of the sun, and from the west, that there is none beside me.

I am the LORD, and there is none else.”

Isaiah 45:4 - 6

“And the LORD shall be king over all the earth:

in that day shall there be one LORD, and his name one.”

Zechariah 14:9

“And God said moreover unto Moses, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel,

The LORD God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob,

hath sent me unto you: this is my name for ever,

and this is my memorial unto all generations.”

Exodus 3:15

Thus, with the Hebrew Scriptures it has been proven that there is but ONE GOD, the CREATOR GOD, that gave HIS Chosen/Covenant People the Children of Israel the Land of Israel and that also scattered them when they flatly refused to live according to HIS Way of Life, i.e., HIS Ways of Righteousness.

Also, we can see how the GOD of Israel caused them to believe in false gods, since they would not believe in HIM. And in so doing, none of the false gods the Israelites (or anyone) would choose, would be of any help to them – not any idol, image, man-god, or familiar spirit (witchcraft/wizardry). For as we can see from the state of this world with its plethora of man-made religions, not one has been able to prove its power to end this Hell on GOD’s Earth.

“To the law and to the testimony: if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them.” Isaiah 8:20

“There is none to plead thy cause, that thou mayest be bound up: thou hast no healing medicines.

JC lied about GOD’s Kingdom being at hand (Matthew 4:17), lied about being sent to the Lost Sheep of the House of Israel, as they were not there (James 1:1), and lied about being a “saviour”. For these reasons alone, JC and the “New Testament” have no credibility.

“Why criest thou for thine affliction? thy sorrow is incurable for the multitude of thine iniquity: because thy sins were increased, I have done these things unto thee.” Jeremiah 30:13,15

“Because Ephraim hath made many altars to sin, altars shall be unto him to sin.” Hosea 8:11

“To me belongeth vengeance, and recompence; their foot shall slide in due time: for the day of their calamity is at hand, and the things that shall come upon them make haste. For the LORD shall judge his people, and repent himself for his servants, when he seeth that their power is gone, and there is none shut up, or left. And he shall say, Where are their gods, their rock in whom they trusted, Which did eat the fat of their sacrifices, and drank the wine of their drink offerings? let them rise up and help you, and be your protection. See now that I, even I, am he, and there is no god with me: I kill, and I make alive; I wound, and I heal: neither is there any that can deliver out of my hand.” Deuteronomy 32:35 - 39

And since we know now that it was the CREATOR GOD that caused the captivity of the Children of Israel and made them seek after false gods in vain because of their sins, then we have to realize that there can be no Truth to JC being the so-called “lord and saviour” and/or the Christian theology that promotes him.

“…the LORD is the true God, he is the living God, and an everlasting king:

at his wrath the earth shall tremble, and the nations shall not be able to abide his indignation.

Thus shall ye say unto them, The gods that have not made the heavens and the earth,

even they shall perish from the earth, and from under these heavens.

He hath made the earth by his power, he hath established the world by his wisdom,

and hath stretched out the heavens by his discretion. When he uttereth his voice,

there is a multitude of waters in the heavens,

and he causeth the vapours to ascend from the ends of the earth;

he maketh lightnings with rain, and bringeth forth the wind out of his treasures.”

Jeremiah 10:10 – 13

“…let thy name be magnified for ever, saying, The LORD of hosts is the God over Israel:

and let the house of thy servant David be established before thee.”

II Samuel 7:26

“Drop down, ye heavens, from above, and let the skies pour down righteousness:

let the earth open, and let them bring forth salvation, and let righteousness spring up together;

I the LORD have created it.”

Isaiah 45:8

“I bring near my righteousness; it shall not be far off, and my salvation shall not tarry:

and I will place salvation in Zion for Israel my glory.”

Isaiah 46:13

“And your eyes shall see, and ye shall say, The LORD will be magnified from the border of Israel.

“For from the rising of the sun even unto the going down of the same

my name shall be great among the Gentiles;

and in every place incense shall be offered unto my name, and a pure offering:

for my name shall be great among the heathen, saith the LORD of hosts.”

Malachi 1:5,11

GOD’s WORD IS AS LOUD AND CLEAR AS IT WAS

DURING THE DAYS OF KING PHARAOH,

EXCEPT THIS TIME IT IS TO ALL THE NATIONS THAT NOW HOLD HIS PEOPLE CAPTIVE!

“And the LORD said unto Moses,

Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh,

and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews,

Let my people go, that they may serve me.

For I will at this time send all my plagues upon thine heart, and upon thy servants,

and upon thy people; that thou mayest know that there is none like me in all the earth.

For now I will stretch out my hand, that I may smite thee and thy people with pestilence;

and thou shalt be cut off from the earth. And in very deed for this cause have I raised thee up,

for to shew in thee my power; and that my name may be declared throughout all the earth.

As yet exaltest thou thyself against my people, that thou wilt not let them go?”

Exodus 9:13 – 17

*****

APPENDIX

<>

BOOKS THAT ARE A MUST READ:

Hebrewisms of West Africa by Joseph J. Williams, S.J. (not without White Jewish influence)

100 years of Lynchings by Ralph Ginzurg

The Classic Slave Narratives Edited and with an Introduction by Henry Louis Gates, Jr.

The Black Holocaust for Beginners by S.E. Anderson

The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews by The Nation of Islam

The Invention of the Jewish People by Shlomo Sand (See how Gentiles all over the world became “Jews” through conversion)

The Book Your Church Doesn’t Want You to Read by Eim C. Leedom, Editor

Who Tampered With the Bible by Pat Eddy

How Came The Bible

Jubilee by Margaret Walker (A novel that brings every emotion of man to the fore)

THUS SAITH THE LORD by Tziona Yisrael

A People's History of the United States by (The Late) Howard Zinn (And the truth is told.)

The Wake of the Wind by J. California Cooper (A novel that encourages Black togetherness at the end of Slavery)

*****

SEE ALSO A YOUTUBE LINK ON THE MOTHER OF ALL SLAVERS!

	help center | e-mail options | report spam
emahmoriah@gmail.com has shared a video with you on YouTube: please forward The Shocking Jewish Role in Slavery Part I: What Jewish Historians Say Part 2 LINK http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDmdjC34wSk Dr. David Duke exposes the Jewish role in the African and global slave trade.

***

The Jews knew that they had to do everything possible to keep the truth about the identity of the SEED of the Biblical Israelites hidden, and the Slave Trade was their only means if they were to successfully usurp the Land of Israel and the identity of the Children of Israel.

Parts I and II are included.  It will be possible to see Part II of this video by clicking on the bottom right of the screen at the end of the first video.

*****

The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

A review of the triangular trade with reference to maps and statistics.

By Alistair Boddy-Evans, About.com Guide

See More About:

• trans-atlantic slave trade
• middle passage
• african slavery
• african slavery statistics
• african slavery maps

The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade began around the mid-fifteenth century when Portuguese interests in Africa moved away from the fabled deposits of gold to a much more readily available commodity -- slaves. By the seventeenth century the trade was in full swing, reaching a peak towards the end of the eighteenth century. It was a trade which was especially fruitful, since every stage of the journey could be profitable for merchants -- the infamous triangular trade.

Why did the Trade Begin?

Expanding European empires in the New World lacked one major resource -- a work force. In most cases the indigenous peoples had proved unreliable (most of them were dying from diseases brought over from Europe), and Europeans were unsuited to the climate and suffered under tropical diseases. Africans, on the other hand, were excellent workers: they often had experience of agriculture and keeping cattle, they were used to a tropical climate, resistant to tropical diseases, and they could be "worked very hard" on plantations or in mines.

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Was Slavery New to Africa?

Africans had been traded as slaves for centuries -- reaching Europe via the Islamic-run, trans-Saharan, trade routes. Slaves obtained from the Muslim dominated North African coast however proved to be too well educated to be trusted and had a tendency to rebellion.

See The Role of Islam in African Slavery for more about Slavery in Africa before the Trans-Atlantic Tradebegan.

Slavery was also a traditional part of African society -- various states and kingdoms in Africa operated one or more of the following: chattel slavery, debt bondage, forced labor, and serfdom. See Types of Slavery in Africa for more on this topic.

What was the Triangular Trade?

Alistair Boddy-Evans. Licensed to About.com, Inc.

All three stages of the Triangular Trade (named for the rough shape it makes on a map) proved lucrative for merchants.

The first stage of the Triangular Trade involved taking manufactured goods from Europe to Africa: cloth, spirit, tobacco, beads, cowrie shells, metal goods, and guns. The guns were used to help expand empires and obtain more slaves (until they were finally used against European colonizers). These goods were exchanged for African slaves.

The second stage of the Triangular Trade (the middle passage) involved shipping the slaves to the Americas.

The third, and final, stage of the Triangular Trade involved the return to Europe with the produce from the slave-labor plantations: cotton, sugar, tobacco, molasses and rum.

Origin of African Slaves Sold in the Triangular Trade

Slavery Regions for the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

Alistair Boddy-Evans. Licensed to About.com, Inc.

Slaves for the Trans-Atlantic slave trade were initially sourced in Senegambia and the Windward Coast. Around 1650 the trade moved to west-central Africa (the Kingdom of the Kongo and neighboring Angola).

The transport of slaves from Africa to the Americas forms the middle passage of the triangular trade. Several distinct regions can be identified along the west African coast, these are distinguished by the particular European countries who visited the slave ports, the peoples who were enslaved, and the dominant African society(s) who provided the slaves.

For more on the regions where slaves were sourced see this map.

Who Started the Triangular Trade?

For two hundred years, 1440-1640, Portugal had a monopoly on the export of slaves from Africa. It is notable that they were also the last European country to abolish the institution - although, like France, it still continued to work former slaves as contract laborers, which they called libertos or engagés à temps. It is estimated that during the 4 1/2 centuries of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, Portugal was responsible for transporting over 4.5 million Africans (roughly 40% of the total).

How Did the Europeans Obtain the Slaves?

Between 1450 and the end of the nineteenth century, slaves were obtained from along the west coast of Africa with the full and active co-operation of African kings and merchants. (There were occasional military campaigns organized by Europeans to capture slaves, especially by the Portuguese in what is now Angola, but this accounts for only a small percentage of the total.)

A Multitude of Ethnic Groups

Alistair Boddy-Evans. Licensed to About.com, Inc.

Senegambia includes the Wolof, Mandinka, Sereer and Fula; Upper Gambia has the Temne, Mende, and Kissi; the Windward Coast has the Vai, De, Bassa, and Grebo.

For more how many slaves were sourced from each region see this table.

Who Has the Worst Record for Trading Slaves?

During the eighteenth century, when the slave trade accounted for the transport of a staggering 6 million Africans, Britain was the worst transgressor - responsible for almost 2.5 million. This is a fact often forgotten by those who regularly cite Britain's prime role in the abolition of the slave trade.

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Conditions for the Slaves

Source: "Le commerce de l'Amerique par Marseille", engraving by Serge Daget, Paris 1725

Slaves were introduced to new diseases and suffered from malnutrition long before they reached the new world. It is suggested that the majority of deaths on the voyage across the Atlantic - the middle passage - occurred during the first couple of weeks and were a result of malnutrition and disease encountered during the forced marches and subsequent interment at slave camps on the coast.

Survival Rate for the Middle Passage

Conditions on the slave ships were terrible, but the estimated death rate of around 13% is lower than the mortality rate for seamen, officers and passengers on the same voyages.

Arrival in the Americas

Image: © Alistair Boddy-Evans. Licensed to About.com, Inc.

As a result of the slave trade, five times as many Africans arrived in the Americas than Europeans. Slaves were needed on plantations and for mines and the majority was shipped to Brazil, the Caribbean, and the Spanish Empire. Less than 5% traveled to the Northern American States formally held by the British.

For more on the regions where slaves ended up see this table.

Slavery of Africans and the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

·African Slavery 101

·Images of African Slavery and the Slave Trade

·Origins of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

More on Slavery of Africans

·Types of Slavery in Africa

·Slavery Statistics and Maps

Slavery in Africa

·The Role of Islam in African Slavery

·Timeline: Slavery in the Cape Colony

·Slave Laws in South Africa

Related Articles

·Religion in Ghana - Early European Contact

·African Slavery 101 -- Slavery of Africans -- Slavery in Africa

·How Many Slaves Were Taken from Africa?

·Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: Origins of Slaves

·Reparations for Slavery -- What is the case for reparations for African Sla...

·

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*****

 In the spring of 2004 I was in Ghana photographing AIDS research. During a lull in the shooting, my handler annouced he was taking me to visit "Elmina". I wasn't told that Elmina was one of the slave castles until I arrived.

What you are about to see are no more than a few "grab shots" from that brief, uncontrolled visit.

VIEW SLAVE CASTLE PHOTO_GALLERY

SLAVERY'S CASTLES HOME

From the 1600's to the early 1800s, European traders built castles along the coast of Africa to contain slaves until ships could transport the slaves to markets in the New World. Through these grim, utilitarian structures over 10 million people passed on their descent into slavery. About 30 of these castles still exist today, most along a 300-mile stretch of the coast of Ghana. But these historic structures have never been adequately documented.

This project hopes to change that. We are Doug Henderson  and Greg Merrell, US-based photographers working to establish a body of photography on Africa's slave castles. We will make this work available to the public in the form of a photo-essay book, stock photography, a traveling exhibit to schools and universities, a possible lecture series and a website.

VIEW PHOTOS OF CASTLES ITINERARY UNESCO REPORT MAP ITINERARY

The Castles.

There are about 28 castles along the coast of Ghana, most of them west of the capital city,Accra. Then in far west Africa, off the coast of Senegal is Goree Island. Another stands along the Gambia River in Gambia, also in West Africa. Proximity Map

Some of the castles are abandoned stone ruins with just a few walls standing, others are still in use as prisons. Several are now "guest houses": for $2. you can spend the night. One, the hugh Osu Castle, is the seat of the Ghana's government. At least three are museums, in the African sense of the word museum, which is just a few signs, some artifacts and some small exhibits. Goree Island is quite extensive and quite a commerical tourist location, complete with restruants.

When I (D.H.) was photographing AIDS research in Ghana in 2004, I briefly visited three of these castles, but at the time didn't really understand what I was seeing. With very limited time and oportunity, I was able to get just a few snapshots of the castle at Elmina and the one at Cape Coast. I visited several of the dungeons where slaves were kept, passed through the "door of no return", and held in my hands the actual iron bars used to secure the dungeons. These are very strange places. When I returned to the states I wanted to know more about these castles, but was surprised to find almost no information available.

UNESCO, a part of the United Nations, has declared most of these sites as World Heritage Sites of immeasurable historical importance, and steps have been taken to preserve them(read the UNESCO 1998 REPORT)But the countries involved simply have no funds for doing this, and even if they did, HIV/AIDS and a thousand other causes would rightly take priority over the historical preservation of these sites. And as such, the sites continue to deteriorate.

The Documentation. Such documentaion would primarily consist of new digital photography, high-definition videography and possibly also audio recordings of these places, including

• Architectural photography of the exteriors of the castles and their surroundings
• Details of the castles
• Interior shots of the dungeons, cells, chapels, the door of no return, etc.
• Environmental shots of people, fisherman, children, living in the vicinity of these forts
• Equipment used in the slave trade, such as shackles, chains and other gear.
• Aerial photos of the castles and their surroundings along the Atlantic coast.

The present plan is for myself (D.H.) and Greg Merrell to go to Africa during the month of June 2010. We expect to be there for about 35 days, but this is quite tentative and subject to change.

The photography and videography would be made available for purchase to researchers, authors and educators and the general public via this website.

The photography would be compiled into a hard cover, photo-essay book, 9x12 inches, about 180 pages in length. The paper would be heavy, quality glossy stock. The book could possibly be a "slip-cased" book. Some of the photography would be presented in color, some of it in Black and White.

The photography would be accompanied by informational captions and text consisting of brief historical narratives, quotes from slaves and statistical information. While I envision this book as being primarily factual, I also want this to have a "human" or, for lack of a better term, a "spiritual" aspect. Text would be historically informative of the slave trade, but not exhaustive, as this has already been done and is not the focus of this project. The book would also include a satellite photo/map of the Atlantic Ocean, showing trade routes used by slave ships from these castles to their destinations and a satellite photo/map of the coast of Ghana with the castles labeled.

The traveling exhibit would be freestanding displays, with photography and text.

The lecture could be two fold, a more historical, factual side presented to schools, colleges and other institutions and then a more visual side presented to museums and photography groups.

Qualifications: As a professional photographer, Douglas Henderson has over 20 years of experience. His work has been published in The New York Times, Newsweek, Newsweek Japan, The National Enquirer, the National Examiner and others. www.douglashenderson.com

Henderson has experience in Africa and first hand knowledge of the slave trading castles. In 2004 and again in 2005 Henderson spent time Ghana, visiting three of the castles there. His connections in Ghana include a tribal king and a doctor, the administrative head of one of the hospitals in Accra.

The Plan Much of the pre-project research is already complete. Henderson has visited some areas of the project and has a good idea of what is "on the ground" and has been in contact with people in the area for some time. Itemized budget of African documentary trip.

The current plan would call for Henderson to travel from the United States to Accra, Ghana, arriving in mid-July. Accra would be a "base of operations" since it is centrally located on the coast of Ghana, which is where the majority of the work will occur. Henderson would work his way along the coast of Ghana to the western-most castle, then return to Accra. Henderson would travel east from Accra shooting the remaining castles in that country. Henderson would then travel to back to Accra, and fly to Dakar, Senegal, on the west coast of the African continent. In Senegal he would shoot Goree Island, then travel the short distance into Gambia, where he would shoot Ft. James Island and two villages in that area. He would return to Dakar and then fly back to the United States, leaving Africa in late August. Baring unforeseen circumstances, by late October, rough editing and initial drafts of the book should be well underway. Hopefully by the end of the year the book would be ready to go to press. Day-by-day itinerary.

WHC site number, the name and location of some of the castles and the date each was built.

SEE UNESCO REPORT:

Volta, Greater Accra, Central and Western Regions

• 34-001 Fort Good Hope (Fort Goedehoop) Senya Beraku (Central Region) 1667
• 34-002 Cape Coast Castle Cape Coast (Central Region) 1630
• 34-003 Fort Patience (Fort Leysaemhyt) Apam (Central Region) 1696-1702
• 34-004 Fort Amsterdam Abandze near Kormantin 1631
• 34-005 Fort St. Jago (Fort Conraadsburg) Elmina (Central Region) 1555
• 34-006 Fort Batenstein Butri (Western Region) 1656
• 34-007 Fort San Sebastian Shama (Western Region) 1652
• 34-008 Fort Metal Cross Dixcove (Western Region) 1693
• 34-009 English Fort (Fort Vrendenburg) Komenda 1663
• 34-010 Fort Saint Antony Axim (Western Region) 1502
• 34-011 Elmina Castle (St. George's Castle/ Fort St. Jorge) Elmina (Central Region) 1482

RETURN TO TOP.
DOUGLAS HENDERSON HOME PAGE

Last updated, Jan. 1, 2010.

*****

THE FREEDOM THAT NEVER CAME

Read the SIGNS below…SEE why descendants of Slaves still March

for equality and an end to DOUBLE STANDARDS and IMPOVERISHMENT!

Why March for something that will forever elude descendants of Slaves?

Why March,

when we can March for our FREEDOM and EXODUS Out of this Land of Captivity?

***

47th Anniversary of the March on Washington

Thursday August 26, 2010

Here is the final image in honor of the 47th anniversary of the March on Washington

for Jobs and Freedom on August 28.

Photographs of Racial Segregation Signs - African-American History

http://afroamhistory.about.com/od/jimcrowlaw1/ig/Racial-Segr... - 47k - Similar pages

***

The above Blacks marched on Washington for freedom to assimilate in the United States. We, Hebrew Israelites, will march on Washington for FREEDOM and RESETTLEMENT, and REPARATIONS: funds to pursue happiness in another land where we can enjoy self-determination and live in dignity. Our endeavor is to fulfill prophecy, pursue happiness, and serve and worship the CREATOR GOD of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob!

WE WANT OUR FREEDOM

OUT OF CAPTIVITY,

WE WANT TO WORSHIP FREELY,

WE WANT TO BE RESETTLED,

AND

WE WANT REPARATIONS!

“Then shalt thou call, and the LORD shall answer; thou shalt cry, and he shall say, Here I am. If thou take away from the midst of thee the yoke, the putting forth of the finger, and speaking vanity; And if thou draw out thy soul to the hungry, and satisfy the afflicted soul; then shall thy light rise in obscurity, and thy darkness be as the noon day: And the LORD shall guide thee continually, and satisfy thy soul in drought, and make fat thy bones: and thou shalt be like a watered garden, and like a spring of water, whose waters fail not. And they that shall be of thee shall build the old waste places: thou shalt raise up the foundations of many generations; and thou shalt be called, The repairer of the breach, The restorer of paths to dwell in.”

Isaiah 58:9 - 12

“Remember these, O Jacob and Israel; for thou art my servant: I have formed thee;

thou art my servant: O Israel, thou shalt not be forgotten of me.

I have blotted out, as a thick cloud, thy transgressions, and, as a cloud, thy sins:

return unto me; for I have redeemed thee. Sing, O ye heavens; for the LORD hath done it:

shout, ye lower parts of the earth:

break forth into singing, ye mountains, O forest, and every tree therein:

for the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, and glorified himself in Israel.”

Isaiah 44:21 – 23

“Thus saith the LORD, thy redeemer, and he that formed thee from the womb,

I am the LORD that maketh all things; that stretcheth forth the heavens alone;

that spreadeth abroad the earth by myself; That frustrateth the tokens of the liars,

and maketh diviners mad; that turneth wise men backward, and maketh their knowledge foolish;”

Isaiah 44:24,25

OUR HOPE IS IN THE CREATOR GOD,

FOR MAN HAS ENSLAVED, DECEIVED,

AND FAILED BLACK PEOPLES!

*****

“Assemble yourselves and come; draw near together, ye that are escaped of the nations:

they have no knowledge that set up the wood of their graven image,

and pray unto a god that cannot save. Tell ye, and bring them near;

yea, let them take counsel together: who hath declared this from ancient time?

who hath told it from that time? have not I the LORD? and there is no God else beside me;

a just God and a Saviour; there is none beside me.

Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth:

for I am God, and there is none else.

I have sworn by myself, the word is gone out of my mouth in righteousness,

and shall not return, That unto me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear.

Surely, shall one say, in the LORD have I righteousness and strength:

even to him shall men come; and all that are incensed against him shall be ashamed.

In the LORD shall all the seed of Israel be justified, and shall glory.”

Isaiah 45:20 - 25

The Most High GOD of Israel might have punished us severely for our great sins against HIM and for turning to false gods of wood, stone, and flesh, but HE still plans to keep us as HIS Chosen/Covenant People and Mercifully forgive us for our abominations and for profaning HIS Holy Name and defiling HIS Holy Sabbath Day.

“I am the LORD: that is my name: and my glory will I not give to another, neither my praise to graven images.” Isaiah 42:8

“Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah:Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto them, saith the LORD: But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the LORD, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people. And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the LORD: for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD: for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.” Jeremiah 31:31 – 34

“And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea. And he shall set up an ensign for the nations, and shall assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth.” Isaiah 11:11,12

“Fear thou not; for I am with thee: be not dismayed; for I am thy God: I will strengthen thee; yea, I will help thee; yea, I will uphold thee with the right hand of my righteousness. Behold, all they that were incensed against thee shall be ashamed and confounded: they shall be as nothing; and they that strive with thee shall perish. Thou shalt seek them, and shalt not find them, eventhem that contended with thee: they that war against thee shall be as nothing, and as a thing of nought. For I the LORD thy God will hold thy right hand, saying unto thee, Fear not; I will help thee. Fear not, thou worm Jacob, and ye men of Israel; I will help thee, saith the LORD, and thy redeemer, the Holy One of Israel.” Isaiah 41:10 - 14

“But now thus saith the LORD that created thee, O Jacob, and he that formed thee, O Israel, Fear not: for I have redeemed thee, I have called thee by thy name; thou art mine. When thou passest through the waters, I will be with thee; and through the rivers, they shall not overflow thee: when thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burned; neither shall the flame kindle upon thee. For I am the LORD thy God, the Holy One of Israel, thy Saviour: I gave Egypt for thy ransom, Ethiopia and Seba for thee.” Isaiah 43:1 - 3

“Since thou wast precious in my sight, thou hast been honourable, and I have loved thee: therefore will I give men for thee, and people for thy life. Fear not: for I am with thee: I will bring thy seed from the east, and gather thee from the west; I will say to the north, Give up; and to the south, Keep not back: bring my sons from far, and my daughters from the ends of the earth; Even every one that is called by my name: for I have created him for my glory, I have formed him; yea, I have made him. Bring forth the blind people that have eyes, and the deaf that have ears.” Isaiah 43:4 – 8

“Let all the nations be gathered together, and let the people be assembled: who among them can declare this, and shew us former things? let them bring forth their witnesses, that they may be justified: or let them hear, and say, It is truth. Ye are my witnesses, saith the LORD, and my servant whom I have chosen: that ye may know and believe me, and understand that I am he: before me there was no God formed, neither shall there be after me. I, even I, am the LORD; and beside me there is no saviour.” Isaiah 43:9 – 11

“Yet now hear, O Jacob my servant; and Israel, whom I have chosen: Thus saith the LORD that made thee, and formed thee from the womb, which will help thee; Fear not, O Jacob, my servant; and thou, Jesurun, whom I have chosen. For I will pour water upon him that is thirsty, and floods upon the dry ground: I will pour my spirit upon thy seed, and my blessing upon thine offspring: And they shall spring up as among the grass, as willows by the water courses. One shall say, I am the LORD'S; and another shall call himself by the name of Jacob; and another shall subscribe with his hand unto the LORD, and surname himself by the name of Israel. Thus saith the LORD the King of Israel, and his redeemer the LORD of hosts; I am the first, and I am the last; and beside me there is no God. And who, as I, shall call, and shall declare it, and set it in order for me, since I appointed the ancient people? and the things that are coming, and shall come, let them shew unto them. Fear ye not, neither be afraid: have not I told thee from that time, and have declared it? ye are even my witnesses. Is there a God beside me? yea, there is no God; I know not any.” Isaiah 44:1 – 8

“For Jacob my servant's sake, and Israel mine elect, I have even called thee by thy name: I have surnamed thee, though thou hast not known me. I am the LORD, and there is none else, there is no God beside me: I girded thee, though thou hast not known me: That they may know from the rising of the sun, and from the west, that there is none beside me. I am the LORD, and there is none else. I form the light, and create darkness: I make peace, and create evil: I the LORD do all these things.” Isaiah 45:4 – 7

“Fear not; for thou shalt not be ashamed: neither be thou confounded; for thou shalt not be put to shame: for thou shalt forget the shame of thy youth, and shalt not remember the reproach of thy widowhood any more. For thy Maker is thine husband; the LORD of hosts is his name; and thy Redeemer the Holy One of Israel; The God of the whole earth shall he be called. For the LORD hath called thee as a woman forsaken and grieved in spirit, and a wife of youth, when thou wast refused, saith thy God. For a small moment have I forsaken thee; but with great mercies will I gather thee. In a little wrath I hid my face from thee for a moment; but with everlasting kindness will I have mercy on thee, saith the LORD thy Redeemer.” Isaiah 54:4 – 8

“And the sons of strangers shall build up thy walls, and their kings shall minister unto thee: for in my wrath I smote thee, but in my favour have I had mercy on thee. Therefore thy gates shall be open continually; they shall not be shut day nor night; that men may bring unto thee the forces of the Gentiles, and that their kings may be brought. For the nation and kingdom that will not serve thee shall perish; yea, those nations shall be utterly wasted. The glory of Lebanon shall come unto thee, the fir tree, the pine tree, and the box together, to beautify the place of my sanctuary; and I will make the place of my feet glorious. The sons also of them that afflicted thee shall come bending unto thee; and all they that despised thee shall bow themselves down at the soles of thy feet; and they shall call thee, The city of the LORD, The Zion of the Holy One of Israel. Whereas thou hast been forsaken and hated, so that no man went through thee, I will make thee an eternal excellency, a joy of many generations. Thou shalt also suck the milk of the Gentiles, and shalt suck the breast of kings: and thou shalt know that I the LORD am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer, the mighty One of Jacob.” Isaiah 60:10 – 16

“For Zion's sake will I not hold my peace, and for Jerusalem's sake I will not rest, until the righteousness thereof go forth as brightness, and the salvation thereof as a lamp that burneth. And the Gentiles shall see thy righteousness, and all kings thy glory: and thou shalt be called by a new name, which the mouth of the LORD shall name. Thou shalt also be a crown of glory in the hand of the LORD, and a royal diadem in the hand of thy God. Thou shalt no more be termed Forsaken; neither shall thy land any more be termed Desolate: but thou shalt be called Hephzibah, and thy land Beulah: for the LORD delighteth in thee, and thy land shall be married. For as a young man marrieth a virgin, so shall thy sons marry thee: and as the bridegroom rejoiceth over the bride, so shall thy God rejoice over thee. I have set watchmen upon thy walls, O Jerusalem, which shall never hold their peace day nor night: ye that make mention of the LORD, keep not silence, And give him no rest, till he establish, and till he make Jerusalem a praise in the earth. The LORD hath sworn by his right hand, and by the arm of his strength, Surely I will no more give thy corn to be meat for thine enemies; and the sons of the stranger shall not drink thy wine, for the which thou hast laboured: But they that have gathered it shall eat it, and praise the LORD; and they that have brought it together shall drink it in the courts of my holiness. Go through, go through the gates; prepare ye the way of the people; cast up, cast up the highway; gather out the stones; lift up a standard for the people. Behold, the LORD hath proclaimed unto the end of the world, Say ye to the daughter of Zion, Behold, thy salvation cometh; behold, his reward is with him, and his work before him. And they shall call them, The holy people, The redeemed of the LORD: and thou shalt be called, Sought out, A city not forsaken.” Isaiah 62^nd Chapter

“Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; I have lifted up mine hand, Surely the heathen that are about you, they shall bear their shame. But ye, O mountains of Israel, ye shall shoot forth your branches, and yield your fruit to my people of Israel; for they are at hand to come. For, behold, I am for you, and I will turn unto you, and ye shall be tilled and sown: And I will multiply men upon you, all the house of Israel, even all of it: and the cities shall be inhabited, and the wastes shall be builded:” Ezekiel 36:7 – 10

“And I will rejoice in Jerusalem, and joy in my people: and the voice of weeping shall be no more heard in her, nor the voice of crying.

“And it shall come to pass, that before they call, I will answer; and while they are yet speaking, I will hear.” Isaiah 65:19,24

“Behold, at that time I will undo all that afflict thee: and I will save her that halteth, and gather her that was driven out; and I will get them praise and fame in every land where they have been put to shame.” Zephaniah 3:19

*****

The Case for United States Reparations to African Americans

12/18/2000

Human Rights Brief

Volume 7, Issue 3 (Spring 2000)

By Adrienne D. Davis <davisad@email.unc.edu>

"Rep.a.ra.tions: Payment of a debt owed; the act of repairing a wrong or injury; to atone for wrongdoings; to make amends; to make one whole again; the payment of damages; to repair a nation; compensation in money, land, or materials for damages."

--National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America

The political and juridical viability of reparations for descendants of enslaved black people is emerging as a highly contested concept in U.S. debates about justice and law. For decades, reparations have been an essential part of the international discourses of war and human rights. Even the United States has paid some reparations awards to Native nations. Today, Korean women seek reparations from the Japanese government as recompense for what amounted to sexual enslavement during World War II. And in addition to on-going suits against the German state, Holocaust survivors seek damages awards from corporations who enslaved them, banks who appropriated their funds, and insurance companies that refused to pay the life insurance claims of those murdered. Among the political mainstream in the United States, there is support for all of these reparations efforts. From newspaper op-eds to legislation, Americans have expressed their outrage about these immoral practices. California State Senator Tom Hayden wrote a law giving the state jurisdiction over claims stemming from World War II slave labor issues and extending the statute of limitations for filing such claims until 2010. Also, California, the sixth largest economy in the world, bars insurance companies who refused to pay or work to settle claims from doing business in the state. Within U.S. legal culture the language of economic rights and justice is persuasive and remedies seem natural.

Yet the U.S. government has refused to consider the need for domestic reparations to be paid for the labor and sexual slavery enforced in the United States for over two centuries. In contrast to Hayden's legislation, U.S. Representative John Conyers's bill H.R. 40, Commission to Study Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act, introduced in 1993 to study the economic effects of slavery on black Americans has not made it out of the House of Representatives Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights. At its initial vote, the bill received 28 cosponsors out of 435 members in the House of Representatives. Only ten of those co-sponsors were not black. Even as the United States demands other nations make moral and economic recompense for their actions, it declines to consider even the possibility of repairing its own history.

Since 1995, I have been involved in the black reparations effort, now well over a century old. I am a member of the three-year-old Reparations Litigation Committee convened by the National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America. The chair of that committee, Adjoa Aiyetoro, and I have co-taught courses on litigating reparations at the Washington College of Law (WCL), and supervised students in independent research efforts. To the best of my knowledge, WCL is the only law school in the United States to offer such a course. What has emerged from our work is the conclusion that reparations for black Americans are warranted, justifiable, feasible, and fair.

The Case for Reparations

But what are reparations? What support do they find in law? How are they different from ordinary civil lawsuits and other civil rights remedies? Who awards them and who gets them? The framework of reparations is the duty to repair injury imposed on another. Unlike tort law, which addresses individual injury, in their conceptualization, reparations suits frame harm as group-based, even when the plaintiffs are individuals. Unlike criminal law, the harm is explicitly conceived of as against the group, not the state. Therefore, unlike criminal cases, the decision for bringing and shaping reparations lawsuits should lie with the victims, not with the state. In this sense, these suits should be organized at the grass-roots level and should be designed to recompense the harm as understood by communities, not decided by lawyers.

Another distinction is that the explicit function of reparations would be national atonement for the moral wrong and financial injuries of enslavement to black Americans. The primacy of atonement and morality differentiates such suits from ordinary civil suits that do not rest on these principles.

Finally, such suits emphasize the economic damage of enslavement to black Americans as serious and in need of national recognition and compensation. In this sense, they depart from other civil rights remedies that address post-slavery racial harms or rest on political or criminal remedies. Affirmative action, for instance, was a remedy to combat existing racism against blacks and the on-going effects of post-slavery racial apartheid. It did not compensate black people for slave labor, nor did it seek to. The point of reparations is not to "make blacks equal" or to ensure racial opportunities, like affirmative action. These are necessary and important goals, but other causes of action and frameworks of analysis address them better. Instead, the theory of domestic reparations is to identify and atone for economic injuries and harms that blacks as a group suffered under enslavement.

We have identified two distinct, but related judicial legal principles that justify and support reparations for black Americans: the equitable remedy of restitution for unjust enrichment and the Thirteenth Amendment prohibition against badges and incidents of slavery. I will sketch the contours of the latter, as the former is not innovative in its inherent conception, although it is in its application.

Those who know American history are typically familiar with the political assaults and human rights depredations that enslaved people suffered. Enslaved people and many free blacks could not vote, serve on juries, or testify against whites in a court of law. In addition, the state authorized slaveholders to inflict with impunity horrific violence, including beatings that scarred and maimed, as well as rapes and other sexual coercion. In some instances, what would be criminal homicide if committed against a white went unpunished when done against an enslaved black. Literacy was denied in most states, and the slave-holding states employed a variety of mechanisms of varying brutality to suppress cultural as well as political self-determination. These denials of bodily autonomy, citizenship, and dignity were the most visible deprivations.

But American enslavement also suppressed what I have called economic personality. Enslavement denied blacks the economic fruits of their 200 years of backbreaking labor. They could not make and enforce contracts. Property rights of use, ownership, or management did not follow from their market participation in the labor force, but were systematically denied by the state. The slave-holding states did not confer legal status on black families; through inheritance, the family is one of the primary institutions of wealth transfer, but black slaves were excluded from inter-generational wealth transfer, one of the centerpieces of Anglo-American culture. From the public sphere of market work to the intimate sphere of the family, black economic relationships were systematically and often brutally suppressed. For the first 250 years of American economic history, the law excluded blacks from the market in a society in which market participation was emerging as vital to personal, political, and social well being.

Furthermore, political and economic personality are closely intertwined. For blacks as for many other groups, the denial of full citizenship rights, such as voting and jury service, was also accompanied by circumscribed market rights: property, contract, inheritance, and labor. Denial of economic rights marked lesser citizenship, as did refusal at the ballot box. Reparations seek to remedy the suppression of over two centuries of black economic personality.

The Case Theory

Our primary theory of the case rests on the Thirteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, the first in the trilogy of post-Civil War (1865-1870) amendments. Its better known sisters are the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments; each of these spawned a compelling and contested twentieth century jurisprudence, on equal protection of law and voting rights respectively. The Thirteenth Amendment, passed in 1865, prohibits slavery and involuntary servitude. It has two sections: "Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation." The amendment was followed the next year by the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which overruled the U.S. Supreme Court's denial of black citizenship in Dred Scott v. Sandford in 1857. Significantly, the Civil Rights Act also authorized basic economic rights of property and contract in addition to access to courts. Each of the three amendments represented some effort to grant meaningful citizenship to blacks and to prevent Southern states from re-enslaving the race in new forms. But they have generated quite different jurisprudences. Although the Fourteenth Amendment is the best known, it is the Thirteenth Amendment that would best support a reparations cause of action.

All three amendments were fairly buried in the racial retrenchment following the Reconstruction Period after the Civil War. Despite congressional intent to ensure meaningful black citizenship, it was not until the mid-twentieth century that the U.S. Supreme Court began that effort in earnest. During the years in which Chief Justice Warren presided over the Supreme Court (1953-1969), the Fourteenth

Amendment emerged as the original engine for combating racial supremacy. The Fourteenth Amendment provides for equal protection to all people before the law. The possibility of a fully racially liberatory interpretation was almost immediately limited, however, as the Court concluded that state action and discriminatory intent were required to trigger Fourteenth Amendment violations. Under this interpretation, the Fourteenth Amendment did not reach purely "private" acts-a jurisprudential category invented to contrast with the doctrine of state action-and mere racial inequity or racially biased acts did not constitute violations of the Fourteenth Amendment if invidious intent could not be proven. In its post-Warren incarnations, the U.S. Supreme Court interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to be a guarantee of color-blindness rather than racial equality. Under this conceptualization, white Americans as much as black Americans suffer the harms of race, although blacks were enslaved and systemically denied all meaningful rights, while whites held them in bondage.

The Thirteenth Amendment has promise both as a cause of action for reparations and as an intervention into the jurisprudence of color-blindness. The critical twentieth century case law that gave ant-discrimination content to the Thirteenth Amendment was Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer, Co., decided in 1968. In that case, the U.S. Supreme Court resurrected the validity of the 1866 Civil Rights Act and the Thirteenth Amendment to conclude that a private actor's refusal to sell property to blacks violated federal civil rights law. The Jones decision focused on Section 2 of the amendment, noting that it specifically gave Congress power to end what the Court named the badges and vestiges of slavery. As legal scholar Douglas Colbert summarizes it in a Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review article, the Court refused to limit its interpretation of the amendment to eliminating only the formal "auction block," while allowing black slavery to continue unimpeded in new forms.

Although the Jones decision focused on Section 2 of the Amendment, many legal scholars and judges have urged a restoration of the meaning of the first section, which is arguably the more significant one. Not only can Congress pass legislation to eliminate enslavement under Section 2, there is a state imperative to actively eliminate enslavement and its badges and incidents, as required in Section 1 of the amendment. Constitutional theorists have argued about the applicability of this theory in contexts ranging from labor, to forced prostitution, to children's rights, to abortion. Despite these creative and promising scholarly treatments, the Thirteenth Amendment remains an under-litigated doctrine and its ban on slavery an under-

theorized concept in the struggle for racial justice.

A Jurisprudence of the Thirteenth Amendment

Developing Section 1 of the Thirteenth Amendment is potentially valuable to a reparations movement for several reasons. The theory of reparations is economic recompense from public and private actors for the on-going effects of black enslavement. Starting with the last point, unlike the Fourteenth Amendment, the Thirteenth offers a direct framework to connect contemporary economic depredations to blacks to the economic violence of slavery. This is important because people working at the grass-roots elements of the campaign conceptualize reparations as repairing slavery. Casting reparations as less than this, a remedy for an abstracted racism for instance, would most likely lose political support from the black community, and sympathetic non-blacks. A crucial part of what reparations remedies repair is the psychic damage done by state-inflicted or sanctioned injuries. This implicates the essential core of the U.S. legal system: wrongs done for which injury can be shown warrant recompense absent a compelling reason justifying the harm. Reparations are more than an economic payment; they are a deeply philosophical recognition of the

humanity and worth of one wronged. A cause of action for reparations that does not explicitly incorporate slavery will almost certainly fail as a political and moral, as well as, a legal matter. And because it exists as an anti-slavery imperative, the Thirteenth Amendment does not exclude considerations of the on-going racial effects of enslavement. Slavery explicitly was a racial institution. In every state but Delaware, blacks were presumed at law to be slaves; proving one was legally white constituted a defense to slavery. The badges and incidents of slavery the Thirteenth

Amendment opposes will overwhelming manifest in racial forms. The amendment does not prohibit, and even invites, analyses of racial harm.

The Thirteenth Amendment also diverges from the Fourteenth Amendment in the intent requirement. Unlike the latter, the Thirteenth Amendment has not been interpreted to require state action and intent to discriminate. Because its emphasis is on eliminating slavery and its relics, its jurisprudence recognizes that actors, private and public, can often unwittingly permit and perpetuate the customs and norms of slavery. Finally, the legislative history of the Thirteenth Amendment shows it was meant to protect economic rights as well as political rights. Douglas Colbert shows how the legislative debates explicitly were about, not just the end of servitude, but the extent of affirmative black rights. He concludes: "By linking present racial discrimination to this nation's history of slavery and apartheid, a Thirteenth Amendment analysis uniquely addresses existing racial and economic injustice as modern relics and badges of slavery." It thereby offers the perfect theory for awarding black reparations.

In summary, the Thirteenth Amendment did not end slavery with the understanding that racial economic castes would replace formal black slavery. To prevent this, the amendment calls for policies and state efforts to end the economic manifestations of black slavery, whether perpetuated by the state or a private individual, with or without invidious intent. The goal of the Thirteenth Amendment is to end the badges and incidents of slavery, not to engender color-blindness.

Preparation for Litigation

Certain legal procedural obstacles are to be anticipated, such as statute of limitations, laches, standing, and sovereign immunity. Some can be avoided with expert technical lawyering. Others will require more substantive strategies. But rather than being viewed as diversions, surmounting some of those barriers may enhance the political and judicial viability of the suit. For instance, the statute of limitations on bringing suit may appear daunting. Reparations are based on a harm stemming from slavery; the statute has run on practically every cause of action we have conceived. However, under the doctrine of continuing violation of rights, a statute of limitations may be tolled. Reparations lawyers must therefore identify deprivations of black economic personality under slavery that continued post-slavery, into this century.

While there are several potential causes of action, one of the primary ones involves denial of federal benefits. Not only were enslaved blacks unable to enforce property rights, but much of the massive homestead distributions of land in the American West during the 19th century excluded blacks, either directly or de facto. In addition, black veterans returning from World War II found patterns of earlier wars repeated when they received lesser benefits than did their white compatriots. In programs initiated for returning soldiers in the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, commonly known as "the G.I. Bill," mortgage and school tuition benefits extended to black soldiers were devalued due to state endorsed and enforced segregation. There were far fewer places they could attend school or purchase housing. The schools they were able to attend and houses they were able to buy were less valuable because they were black institutions and neighborhoods, respectively, in an economy that valued whiteness. Finally, in the mid-twentieth century, the federal government took several steps to subsidize the construction of suburbs as racially segregated spaces, which simultaneously devalued black property in urban areas. Independent, private banks followed these federal guidelines, and blacks found themselves doubly squeezed into emerging ghettoes and out of suburbs being invented as white. Like the homestead acts, the G.I. bills for soldiers and the federal housing programs were moments of massive government subsidization that supported an emerging middle class. Blacks were excluded from this process and denied economic personality in ways that reflected the badges of slavery.

Another obstacle may be resolved by distinguishing legislative and judicial reparations awards. Standing is frequently raised as a procedural obstacle to judicial reparations; unlike comfort women and internment victims, American slaves and their direct heirs are no longer alive. Moreover, part of the invidiousness of slavery is that the system ripped apart black families, denying them the possibility of keeping records and genealogies. The fact that few blacks can trace their ancestry to specific enslaved persons is part of the injury of enslavement. One could approach this obstacle in two ways. One could utilize equitable principles to argue that one who actively destroys records cannot then invoke that absence to recuse its own legal liability. Another approach is to craft a series of causes of action, stemming from different continuing violations, similar to the strategy for statute of limitations. Because these actions will have to conform to the statute of limitations and the harms extend into this century, blacks today should be more able to identify and prove legal relationships with those affected. In the case of World War II veterans, many will still be alive today.

Conclusion

Putting racism into economic language is important. A significant effect of racism is its dissociation of blacks from markets and economics. Part of the reason so many Americans are skeptical of awarding reparations is the absence of a compelling discourse of black economic personality and desert of wealth. Reparations are recognition of the severe economic harm inflicted on blacks. Developing a reparations cause of action will yield several positive results. In defining the contours of a Thirteenth Amendment-based racial jurisprudence, it will turn the nation's attention toward what black slavery entailed, connect current acts, including private ones, to customs, norms, and history stemming from slavery and segregation, and comprehend slavery's on-going economic effects. When confronted with this history, then perhaps we can come to a national consensus on what the anti-slavery imperative of the Thirteenth Amendment means.

From: INTERNET:davisad@EMAIL.UNC.EDU, INTERNET:davisad@EMAIL.UNC.EDU

TO: (unknown), INTERNET:brc-news@lists.tao.ca

http://www.wcl.american.edu/PUB/humright/brief/v7i3/reparation.htm

--

For additional information, see the National Coalition of Blacks

for Reparations in America website at <http://www.ncobra.com>.

--

Adrienne D. Davis is a Professor of Law at the University of

North Carolina, Chapel-Hill.

Copyright (c) 2000 Human Rights Brief and Adrienne D. Davis.

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*****

Discrimination Against Blacks Linked to Dehumanization

by ScienceDave | February 11, 2008 at 07:22 am

The United States has a shameful history of dehumanizing Black Americans[...]In fact, the very first article of the U. S. Constitution declares that, when determining state populations, “all other persons”— by which it meant enslaved Africans—should be counted as three fifths of a human being. The formal dehumanizing language used in the laws of this developing nation [USA] reflected the biases present in the majority population.

So opens a recent publication by Stanford, Penn State, and UC Berkeley psychologists.  Their work aimed to answer: "Is it possible to hold an implicit association between apes and Blacks if one is unaware that such an association ever existed?"  In other words, do people inherently associate "apes" with black people, even if they have had no experience with any such association.

The representation of blacks as apes has been on the cultural conscience of westerners since shortly after the first contact of Europeans with West Africa.  "Early European maritime writings described primitive people who seemed more closely related to apes than to White explorers."

The research team set up a number principal studies, using white university students as subjects:

• Is there an implicit association between Blacks and apes? If so, is this association present for both whites and non-whites?
• Does such an association exist solely for Blacks, or other racial groups (i.e. Asians)?

After priming members of three test groups that were shown a black person's face, a white face, or no face, they then showed the white test subjects degraded images of animals.  Slowly, the animal frame become less distorted (more true to the animal's image).  Interestingly, it took the test subjects fewer frames to recognize the ape after being primed with a Black face than no face, and more frames when primed with a white face than the control.  When showed a on-ape image, there were no differences between priming conditions.

The authors then performed a dot-latency test, "In the present study, we presented participants with two faces on the computer screen simultaneously (one Black and one White face). These faces disappeared, and a dot probe appeared in the place where one of the faces used to be. The participant was asked to locate the dot probe as quickly as possible on the computer and to use one of two response keys to indicate whether it was on the left or the right of a centered focus dot. As is traditional in dot-probe studies, we used the time it took participants to locate the dot probe as a proxy for visual attention."

Their results: when white subjects were shown no ape, they located the dot where the white face has been positioned more then three times faster than where the black faces were.  Furthermore, when primed with a ape image, the trend was reversed: dots where black faces had been were identified nearly twice as fast.  When presented with an Asian face instead of a White face, there was no difference in reaction time when not primed with an ape image.  However, when primed, the same was true as for the white face (although to a lesser extent, ~30% faster).

Interestingly, when subjected received an "ape" or "big cat" (i.e. other animal, unrelated to an ape)word prime, they were more likely to sympathize with videos of police beatings ofblacks than Whites (i.e. they were more likely to claim the beating was justified for Blacks then Whites).  When primed with a "big cat", there as no difference.

"Despite widespread opposition to racism, bias remains with us," Eberhardt [an author on the study ]said. "African Americans are still dehumanized; we're still associated with apes in this country. That association can lead people to endorse the beating of black suspects by police officers, and I think it has lots of other consequences that we have yet to uncover."

Source: news-service.stanford.edu

Reference: Goff, P.A. et al. (2008). Not Yet Human: Implicit Knowledge, Historical Dehumanization, and Contemporary Consequences.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94:  292-306.

Karen Hatter's What's Wrong With African Americans

Discrimination Against Blacks Linked to Dehumanization | NowPublic ...

Feb 11, 2008 ... Discrimination Against Blacks Linked to Dehumanization. ... 24 hours of Photos and Videos. Popular Channels. ...

http://www.nowpublic.com/culture/discrimination-against-blac... - 50k - Similar pages

*****

Presented by The World’s Authority on

The United States Constitution and the African Slave

Dr. Robert Brock

In a descending order, the following writings, herein shows a negation of mutuality and consent:

The 14th Amendment, the largest adhesion contract in the world, is forced on Blacks of U.S. Slaves' Descent;

The Dred Scott Decision, 19 Howard 393 (1857) was forced on Blacks of U.S. Slaves' Descent;

The Constitution for the United States of America (1787) was forced onto Blacks by force of arms with the following slave clauses;

The Territorial jurisdiction, laws, and statutes, rules, regulations, were forced onto Blacks of U.S. Slaves" Descent,

The 16th Amendment, taxing Codes and regulations, and the Internal Revenue Service are presently forced on U.S. Slaves' Descendants without due process.

SLAVE CLAUSES AND PROVISIONS
IN THE CONSTITUITION
FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Constitution and Slave Provisions by unilateral act of Whites. These Clauses were inserted in the Constitution on the subject of slavery to either increase slavery, to strengthen slavery, or to protect slavery:

a. Slave Clause: Constitution: Article I. Section 9. Clause 1:

"The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think prefer to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed an such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person."

Note: In this clause, the Constitution provides for the increase of slavery by prohibiting the suppression of the slave trade for twenty years after its adoption, After 1808 it was left to the discretion of Congress to prohibit, or not to prohibit, the African Slave Trade.

Special Note: (It is these deliberate and criminal acts on the part of the White People to continue The Africans as captives and Slaves after they has possession and ownership of Said slaves, and could have sent them to self-determination and freedom in Africa with reparations, and by doing such, the United States became responsible for 169 years of British slavery and labor value.)

The extension of this slave traffic in Africans to 1808, was voted for by the whole of the New England States, including Massachusetts, and opposed by Virginia and Delaware. The Slave clause was inserted in the Constitution by Votes of the New England States. This clause of the Constitution was Specially favored and protected against by the by Article Five of the Constitution.

We have seen that African slavery is increased through the slave clause in Article Is Section 9,
Clause 1 : now we turn to how the Constitution Protects slavery, impliedly, by withholding all power to Injure it , or limit its duration, but the Constitution protects it expressedly by the following clauses :

b. Slave Clause: Constitution: Article IV. Section 2. Clause 3:

"No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due."

(Statutes at Large, I., PP. 302-305: IX Stat. pp. 462-465)

c. Slave Clause: Constitution: Article IV. Section 4:

"The United States shall ...protect... and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence."

Note: (Colonel Robert E. Lee, U.S. Army captured John Brown in order to protect slavery against domestic violence)

d. Slave Clause: Constitution: Article I. Section 8. Clause 15:

"To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections (Slaves taking freedom)and repel Invasions"

e. Slave Clause/Provision: Constitution: Article V.

"...Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article..."

Here, again, the White People did a deliberate act to cause and protect slavery by mutuality, even before constitutional means, which is their admission of intention to continue African slavery.

Who prohibited Congress from amending the Constitution?

Who reserved and limited the Government and Congress in amendment X?

f. Slave Clause: Constitution: Article I. Section 9. Clause 4:

"No Capitation, or other direct, Tax, shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken."

g. Slave Clause: Constitution: Article I. Section 2. Clause 3:

"Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the,Whole Number of free Persons (Free White People), including those Bound to Service (Free White People Providing Service by contract) for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons (Black African Slave) (Enumeration and political representation for Master only)."

******

IS IT POSSIBLE THAT THE BLACK MAN’s HOPE

WOULD MANIFEST FROM THE HAND OF THE WHITE MAN

WHO ENSLAVED AND CONVERTED HIM TO CHRISTIANITY

AND INFLICTED UPON HIM

THE MOST BARBARIC TORMENT KNOWN TO MAN?

“The earth mourneth and fadeth away, the world languisheth and fadeth away,

the haughty people of the earth do languish. The earth also is defiled under the inhabitants thereof; because they have transgressed the laws, changed the ordinance,

broken the everlasting covenant.

Therefore hath the curse devoured the earth, and they that dwell therein are desolate:

therefore the inhabitants of the earth are burned, and few men left.”

Isaiah 24:4 - 6

***

MAN’S WORLD ORDER HAS RUN ITS COURSE

AND NOW, IT IS TIME

FOR THE CREATOR TO TAKE BACK HIS UNIVERSE

IN ORDER THAT HE MAY START HIS WORLD ORDER

ONE OF TRUTH AND RIGHTEOUSNESS

AND PEACE ON HIS EARTH

FOR THE OBEDIENT

“That he who blesseth himself in the earth shall bless himself in the God of truth; and he that sweareth in the earth shall swear by the God of truth; because the former troubles are forgotten, and because they are hid from mine eyes. For, behold, I create new heavens and a new earth: and the former shall not be remembered, nor come into mind. But be ye glad and rejoice for ever in that which I create: for, behold, I create Jerusalem a rejoicing, and her people a joy.And I will rejoice in Jerusalem, and joy in my people: and the voice of weeping shall be no more heard in her, nor the voice of crying.” Isaiah 65:16 – 19

“Wait on the LORD, and keep his way, and he shall exalt thee to inherit the land: when the wicked are cut off, thou shalt see it. I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like a green bay tree. Yet he passed away, and, lo, he was not: yea, I sought him, but he could not be found. Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright: for the end of that man is peace. But the transgressors shall be destroyed together: the end of the wicked shall be cut off. But the salvation of the righteous is of the LORD: he is their strength in the time of trouble. And the LORD shall help them, and deliver them: he shall deliver them from the wicked, and save them, because they trust in him.” Psalm 37:34 – 40

“For since the beginning of the world men have not heard, nor perceived by the ear, neither hath the eye seen, O God, beside thee, what he hath prepared for him that waiteth for him.” Isaiah 64:4

This is what it is like to read the WORD OF THE CREATOR GOD. We find wisdom and knowledge, guidance, and answers for us to consider in order that we might be saved out of the Wrath extended out of “The Day of the LORD”.

“Behold, THE DAY OF THE LORD cometh, cruel both with wrath and fierce anger, to lay the land desolate: and he shall destroy the sinners thereof out of it. For the stars of heaven and the constellations thereof shall not give their light: the sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon shall not cause her light to shine. And I will punish the world for their evil, and the wicked for their iniquity; and I will cause the arrogancy of the proud to cease, and will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible. I will make a man more precious than fine gold; even a man than the golden wedge of Ophir. Therefore I will shake the heavens, and the earth shall remove out of her place, in the wrath of the LORD of hosts, and in the day of his fierce anger. And it shall be as the chased roe, and as a sheep that no man taketh up: they shall every man turn to his own people, and flee every one into his own land.” Isaiah 13:9 – 14

I cannot stress enough that GOD’s Walk of Life, i.e., HIS Paths of Righteousness THAT HE WROTE cannot be altered by the so-called “New Testament” that men wrote and conveniently said that they were inspired to write it!

“And the LORD said unto Moses, Come up to me into the mount, and be there: and I will give thee tables of stone, and a law, and commandments

WHICH I HAVE WRITTEN; that thou mayest teach them.”

Exodus 24:12

“And he gave unto Moses, when he had made an end of communing with him upon mount Sinai, two tables of testimony, tables of stone, WRITTEN WITH THE FINGER OF GOD.”

Exodus 31:18

“And the LORD delivered unto me two tables of stone WRITTEN WITH THE FINGER OF GOD;

and on them was written according to all the words, which the LORD spake with you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly.”

Deuteronomy 9:10

*****

GOD’S TRUTH EXPLODES BRILLIANTLY

In that JC did not save the Slaves out of Africa and has not saved the descendants of these Slaves out of this captivity, I ask, pray tell me then at what point is he supposed to stand up to his name? It has been well over 2,000 years now and this world of peoples mourn, suffer, starve, die in the millions at young ages from sicknesses, impoverishment, malnutrition, and even despair, not to mention that there is no peace and happiness not even with rich peoples and nations.

While this is a serious matter, there is another topic of even greater concern and import that wholly questions the credibility of the man-god, JC, and the “New Testament” that idolizes and magnifies him.

Let’s first look at why the GOD of Israel scattered HIS People, the Children of Israel. Throughout the Hebrew Scriptures, we learn that the Israelites repeated rejected the CREATOR GOD of Israel for false gods and rejected HIS Righteous Way of Life. They knew well that they were forbidden to add other ways of worship to GOD’s Book of the Law, as well, they could not change it either. For these reasons the GOD of Israel said HE would scatter HIS Chosen/Covenant People, the Children of Israel, throughout the “Four Corners of the Earth” into the hands of their heathenish enemies. And in these lands, they would serve gods that are no gods – gods that cannot save.

Now, here is where the GOD’s Truth explodes brilliantly:

“And the LORD shall scatter thee among all people, from the one end of the earth even unto the other; and there thou shalt serve other gods, which neither thou nor thy fathers have known, even wood and stone. And among these nations shalt thou find no ease, neither shall the sole of thy foot have rest: but the LORD shall give thee there a trembling heart, and failing of eyes, and sorrow of mind:” Deuteronomy 28:64,65

“Assemble yourselves and come; draw near together, ye that are escaped of the nations: they have no knowledge that set up the wood of their graven image, and pray unto a god thatcannot save.” Isaiah 45:20

“Therefore hear, ye nations, and know, O congregation, what is among them. Hear, O earth: behold, I will bring evil upon this people, even the fruit of their thoughts, because they have not hearkened unto my words, nor to my law, but rejected it. To what purpose cometh there to me incense from Sheba, and the sweet cane from a far country? your burnt offerings are not acceptable, nor your sacrifices sweet unto me. Therefore thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will lay stumblingblocks before this people, and the fathers and the sons together shall fall upon them; the neighbour and his friend shall perish. Thus saith the LORD, Behold, a people cometh from the north country, and a great nation shall be raised from the sides of the earth. They shall lay hold on bow and spear; they are cruel, and have no mercy; their voice roareth like the sea; and they ride upon horses, set in array as men for war against thee, O daughter of Zion.” Jeremiah 6:18 – 23

“I will scatter them also among the heathen, whom neither they nor their fathers have known: and I will send a sword after them, till I have consumed them.” Jeremiah 9:16

“Therefore will I scatter them as the stubble that passeth away by the wind of the wilderness.” Jeremiah 13:24

“Blessed is the man that trusteth in the LORD, and whose hope the LORD is.” Jeremiah 17:7

“A third part of thee shall die with the pestilence, and with famine shall they be consumed in the midst of thee: and a third part shall fall by the sword round about thee; and I will scatter a third part into all the winds, and I will draw out a sword after them.” Ezekiel 5:12

“Yet will I leave a remnant, that ye may have some that shall escape the sword among the nations, when ye shall be scattered through the countries. And they that escape of you shall remember me among the nations whither they shall be carried captives, because I am broken with their whorish heart, which hath departed from me, and with their eyes, which go a whoring after their idols: and they shall loathe themselves for the evils which they have committed in all their abominations.” Ezekiel 6:8,9

“And they shall know that I am the LORD, when I shall scatter them among the nations, and disperse them in the countries.” Ezekiel 12:15

“And all his fugitives with all his bands shall fall by the sword, and they that remain shall be scattered toward all winds: and ye shall know that I the LORD have spoken it.” Ezekiel 17:21

“I lifted up mine hand unto them also in the wilderness, that I would scatter them among the heathen, and disperse them through the countries; Because they had not executed my judgments, but had despised my statutes, and had polluted my sabbaths, and their eyes were after their fathers' idols.” Ezekiel 20:23,24

“Thus shall ye say unto them, The gods that have not made the heavens and the earth, even they shall perish from the earth, and from under these heavens.” Jeremiah 10:11

GOD’s WORD came to pass. HE scattered HIS People into captivity and in a world of savage evils and untold wickedness for their defying HIM and for turning to false gods. And, as HE said would happen, the Israelites became Slaves and lost their identity. It was at this time the same heathens, the people GOD said would be the enemies of HIS rebellious People, took the Israelites (and all Blacks) as Slaves and converted them to the false religion - Christianity - to ensure that they would never call upon the GOD of Israel again. Since the Slave Masters converted Blacks to this false religion, Blacks have devoted the pagan “Sunday” to worship of singing and praising this man-god, JC, who has done absolutely nothing to end the misery and suffering of Black folks. And if they say otherwise, they delude themselves.

Thus, since we know that the GOD of Israel said that our wicked forefathers would be scattered into the hands of our enemies and heathens, then how can Israelites accept with conviction this religion that our cruel and barbaric captors have bestowed upon us? Israelites were Commanded to separate themselves from the Canaanites and not marry them or give their sons and daughters to them in marriage, all because these people worshipped false gods and lived heathenish lives. And the GOD of Israel knew that once they joined unto the Canaanites that they would worship their gods and forget HIM and HIS Righteous Walk of Life.

“And when the LORD thy God shall deliver them before thee; thou shalt smite them, and utterly destroy them; thou shalt make no covenant with them, nor shew mercy unto them: Neither shalt thou make marriages with them; thy daughter thou shalt not give unto his son, nor his daughter shalt thou take unto thy son. For they will turn away thy son from following me, that they may serve other gods: so will the anger of the LORD be kindled against you, and destroy thee suddenly. But thus shall ye deal with them; ye shall destroy their altars, and break down their images, and cut down their groves, and burn their graven images with fire. For thou art an holy people unto the LORD thy God: the LORD thy God hath chosen thee to be a special people unto himself, above all people that are upon the face of the earth.” Deuteronomy 7:2 – 6

Therefore, if the GOD of Israel said HE would cast us into the hands of our enemies/heathens (as HE certainly did), the last thing we should do after coming into the knowledge of HIM and HIS Truth is embrace their religions.

The Slave Masters had a fool-proof plan for converting their Slaves to Christianity. It was to make the Slaves believe in life and freedom in heaven and to continue with their miserable and oppressive fate without rebellion. The Slave Masters had tasted economic gain, power, and superiority over Black Peoples, and thus, their greed and thirst for continued wealth was their every desire and their reason for living. To have their Slaves believe in a false god was a welcomed idea, especially if it would advance and facilitate their agendas.

Let the Children of Israel believe in THUS SAITH THE LORD GOD OF ISRAEL and in the things we know.

We know:

- We know that there is but ONE CREATOR GOD, and HE is the GOD of Jacob/Israel.

- The GOD of Israel will gather HIS Covenant People from the “Four Corners of the Earth”.

- The GOD of Israel will take HIS People into the Wilderness.

- The GOD of Israel will return the SEED of Jacob to our heritage that HE promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the people of HIS Name’s Sake.

- The GOD of Israel is OUR ONLY SAVIOR and REDEEMER!

- ONLY the CREATOR GOD that brought these curses upon us for our transgressions against HIM has the ability to end the suffering and affliction that we endure.

- Calling upon the ONE True GOD of Jacob/Israel and following HIS Ways of Righteousness is our only means of SALVATION.

It is easy for us to be numbered among the Righteous Remnant, but is only possible if we are serious and want this with all our heart, soul, and might. And then it will only come to fruition if we embrace the GOD of Israel and walk HIS Righteous Paths.

“I call heaven and earth to record this day against you, that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing: therefore choose life, that both thou and thy seed may live: That thou mayest love the LORD thy God, and that thou mayest obey his voice, and that thou mayest cleave unto him: for he is thy life, and the length of thy days: that thou mayest dwell in the land which the LORD sware unto thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give them.” Deuteronomy 30:19,20

“For I am the LORD thy God, the Holy One of Israel, thy Saviour: I gave Egypt for thy ransom, Ethiopia and Seba for thee.

“I, even I, am the LORD; and beside me there is no saviour.” Isaiah 43:3,11

These are all the more reasons why Israelites who love the GOD of Israel with all their heart, soul, and might should be striving to leave out of the countries that hold them in captivity, as well as seek after Our GOD of Israel to again show HIS Mighty HAND in our DELIVERANCE and our RE-ESTABLISHMENT for HIS Holy Name’s Sake.

“And your eyes shall see, and ye shall say, The LORD will be magnified from the border of Israel.

“For from the rising of the sun even unto the going down of the same my name shall be great among the Gentiles; and in every place incense shall be offered unto my name, and a pure offering: for my name shall be great among the heathen, saith the LORD of hosts.” Malachi 1:5,11

As we now know all too well, Our GOD of Israel will indeed punish us if we do not serve and worship ONLY HIM. We should realize that HE will hold us accountable to the Covenant Joshua and our forefathers made to serve and make HIM Our GOD.

“Therefore it shall come to pass, that as all good things are come upon you, which the LORD your God promised you; so shall the LORD bring upon you all evil things, until he have destroyed you from off this good land which the LORD your God hath given you. When ye have transgressed the covenant of the LORD your God, which he commanded you, and have gone and served other gods, and bowed yourselves to them; then shall the anger of the LORD be kindled against you, and ye shall perish quickly from off the good land which he hath given unto you.” Joshua 23:15,16

Why believe the JEALOUS GOD of Israel that was against serving and worshipping other gods is now promoting the worship of this man-god, JC? Where in the Hebrew Scriptures is such a thing found in HIS WORDS? If the GOD of Israel was against the worship of other gods when the Israelites were in the Land of Israel, then for sure HE is against Israelites worshipping false gods in the lands of their captivity. The First Commandment makes worship of the ONE GOD of Israel perfectly clear.

“And God spake all these words, saying, I am the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. Thou shalt have no other gods before me. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.” Exodus 20:1 - 6

THINK! The CREATOR GOD scattered HIS People from the Land of Israel for rejecting HIM for false gods!

“If ye forsake the LORD, and serve strange gods, then he will turn and do you hurt, and consume you, after that he hath done you good. And the people said unto Joshua, Nay; but we will serve the LORD. And Joshua said unto the people, Ye are witnesses against yourselves that ye have chosen you the LORD, to serve him. And they said, We are witnesses. Now therefore put away, said he, the strange gods which are among you, and incline your heart unto the LORD God of Israel. And the people said unto Joshua, The LORD our God will we serve, and his voice will we obey. So Joshua made a covenant with the people that day, and set them a statute and an ordinance in Shechem. And Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God, and took a great stone, and set it up there under an oak, that was by the sanctuary of the LORD. And Joshua said unto all the people, Behold, this stone shall be a witness unto us; for it hath heard all the words of the LORD which he spake unto us: it shall be therefore a witness unto you, lest ye deny your God.” Joshua 24:20 - 27

“But take diligent heed to do the commandment and the law, which Moses the servant of the LORD charged you, to love the LORD your God, and to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments, and to cleave unto him, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul.” Joshua 22:5

WE (AND ALL PEOPLES) HAVE GOOD REASON TO HOPE IN THE GOD OF ISRAEL:

“…the sons of the stranger, that join themselves to the LORD, to serve him, and to love the name of the LORD, to be his servants, every one that keepeth the sabbath from polluting it, and taketh hold of my covenant; Even them will I bring to my holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer: their burnt offerings and their sacrifices shall be accepted upon mine altar; for mine house shall be called an house of prayer for all people. The Lord GOD which gathereth the outcasts of Israel saith, Yet will I gather others to him, beside those that are gathered unto him.” Isaiah 56:6 - 8

“…Thus saith the Lord GOD; Although I have cast them far off among the heathen, and although I have scattered them among the countries, yet will I be to them as a little sanctuary in the countries where they shall come. Therefore say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will even gather you from the people, and assemble you out of the countries where ye have been scattered, and I will give you the land of Israel.” Ezekiel 11:16,17

“But take diligent heed to do the commandment and the law,

which Moses the servant of the LORD charged you, to love the LORD your God,

and to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments,

and to cleave unto him, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul.”

Joshua 22:5

*****

MORE INFORMATION

FOR MESSIANICS AND CHRISTIANS

THAT THEY CANNOT IGNORE

Few people know that the “New Testament” man, Paul, and his letters to the churches helped to start the writings of the “New Testament” in approximately 50 and 62 C.E (after the so-called death of JC). Then, came the so-called “Gospels” in 70 – 90 C.E. But still, when people do the research, they will find that there were many writers responsible for the “New Testament” Books – some known and some unknown.

That which believers in the “New Testament” should realize is that not one of the writers of the “New Testament” collaborated with the CREATOR GOD or any one of HIS Prophets. And not only that, but this book was not written with what THUS SAITH THE LORD in mind or according to HIS Ways of Righteousness. Instead, the “New Testament” writers made it a point of changing GOD’s Ordinances and inventing a “New” religion!

During the days when man contemplated this “New” religion, Christianity, it was Marcion, a ship owner of Pontus who sought to discard the “Old Testament” altogether because he found it “REPUGNANT” (How Came The Bible by Edgar J. Goodspeed, pp. 66). And it was his idea to establish Christian writings for church service, which thus, in the end, brought about the “New Testament”. Do the people who stake their lives on the writings in the “New Testament” know this? I don’t think so. And they probably don’t know that JC did not write one word found in the “New Testament”.

How Came The Bible does not go into detail about the “Virgin Birth”, nevertheless, there is one book that provides even greater astounding evidence on the fraudulent “New Testament” writings.

“Jesus Christ wrote no account of himself, of his birth, parentage, or anything else. Not a line of what is called the New Testament is of his writing. The history of him is altogether the work of other people; and as to the account given of his resurrection and ascension, it was the necessary counterpart to the story of his birth. His historians, having brought him into the world in a supernatural manner, were obliged to take him out again in the same manner or the first part of the story must have fallen to the ground.” The Book Your Church Doesn’t Want You to Read, Tim C. Leedom, Editor, pp. 84.

Another interesting fact that Messianics and Christians must research is “The notion of the Trinity developed around the second century in response to apparent heresies.” Who Tampered With the Bible by Pat Eddy, pp. 241. Do you fully comprehend what’s written here? Let me explain. If the idea of belief in a Trinity is supposed to be so Divine, how is it that it came about AFTER JC left the scene – in the second century? If there were any truth to this, wouldn’t it have been more feasible and credible for him to spread this information himself and better for the CREATOR GOD to make mention of it? But GOD has said nothing about sharing HIS Supremacy with mere man. Thus, we should understand just how much of the “New Testament” is really based on the inspirations and imaginations of mere men who fervently rejected what THUS SAITH THE LORD and who were hell bent on having a “New Testament” that reflected a man-god of love and not Judgment. After reading Who Tampered With the Bible, one will well understand why the writings in the “New Testament” are comparable to fairy tales, of which in most cases are better articulated.

And just for the record, all you Book of Daniel lovers out there should come to realize the controversy surrounding the dating of this book. Regarding the Old Testament book of Daniel: “The sections of the book purported to be prophecy were actually written many years after most of the events took place. Not only that but they were written cryptically in the manner of contemporary astrological forecasts to lend credence to the illusion that they were oracles or prophecies.” Who Tampered With the Bible, pp. 20

In no way do I profess to be a scholar on anything, but after reading the Book of Daniel, I could see that situations written therein did not ring true and do not jibe with the other books of the “Old Testament” that expound on the WORD OF GOD. For example: In the “Old Testament” GOD’s Angels deemed their names secret and would not reveal them. But this is not so with the Book of Daniel and with the “New Testament”. Both the Book of Daniel and the “New Testament” have angels whose names are revealed, and thus this makes these angels and the books suspect. Also, Daniel’s prayer in Chapter 9 consists of verses out of the prayers of others and the Psalms in the “Old Testament”.

But here of late, there are other more pressing issues that raise red flags about the Book of Daniel. Why didn’t Daniel not return to the Land of Israel to aid in the building of GOD’s Temple as was GOD’s desire, according to HIS Prophet Haggai? Why was Daniel under scrutiny when there was a decree (Ezra) that enabled the Israelites to return to build the temple, and that people who hindered the Judahites would be hanged (Ezra 6:11)? If as the Book of Daniel indicates, that he was around during the days of both Cyrus and Darius (Daniel 5:31;6:1;6:28;11:1), why then wasn’t he in correspondence with Ezra and Nehemiah? And given Cyrus’ and Darius’ decrees (Ezra 5^th and 6^th Chapters), throwing Daniel into the “lion’s den” was strictly out of the question.

Getting back to Marcion, what exactly was it that he found “repugnant” about the “Old Testament” wherein is the only place to read the WORD of GOD at the mouth of HIS Prophets?

Was Marcion turned off by the Book of the Psalms wherein are written thousands of verses giving PRAISE and GLORY to the GOD of Israel and where GOD said every knee would bow to HIM (Isaiah 43:25)?

Maybe Marcion hated the fact that the CREATOR GOD chose for HIMSELF a Covenant People whom HE loved dearly?

“Israel is my son even my firstborn.” Exodus 4:22

“And I will dwell among the children of Israel, and will be their God. And they shall know that I am the LORD their God, that brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, that I may dwell among them: I am the LORD their God.” Exodus 29:45,46

“And ye shall know that I am in the midst of Israel, and that I am the LORD your God, and none else: and my people shall never be ashamed.” Joel 2:27

Could it have been that the GOD of Israel Commanded that people cannot worship any other god but HIM and must only CALL UPON and WAIT FOR HIM?

Surely Marcion rejected the Righteous and “Perfect LAW” that Israelites and Gentiles were Commanded to accept and live to a “thousand generations”.

Perhaps Marcion detested the CREATOR GOD’s hatred of the evil and the wicked and HIS WORD to JUDGE sinners and transgressors. “I will punish the world for their evil, and the wicked for their iniquity; and I will cause the arrogancy of the proud to cease, and will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible.”

Or is it that Marcion had no desire whatsoever to “TRUST IN THE LORD”i.e., the CREATOR LORD GOD of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob that said, “This is my memorial unto all generations.”

Well, surely all of the above is what Marcion found so repugnant but most of all, without a doubt he took offense to being JUDGED. After all, the CREATOR did kill all but Noah and his family with a FLOOD because of their wickedness, HE did sink Sodom and Gomorrah, and HE most certainly did scatter HIS Chosen People for worshipping other gods, which is exactly what Marcion rallied around and helped to perpetuate against the WILL of the Most High GOD of Israel.

“Even from the days of your fathers ye are gone away from mine ordinances, and have not kept them. Return unto me, and I will return unto you, saith the LORD of hosts. But ye said, Wherein shall we return?” Malachi 3:7

Is that a revelation of what? And from what’s written in Isaiah 13:11 and in 11:4, we can see why the CREATOR once again plans to JUDGE the wicked.

“…with righteousness shall he judge the poor, and reprove with equity for the meek of the earth: and he shall smite the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips shall he slay the wicked.” Isaiah 11:4

Is it any wonder why the “New Testament” writers, and only GOD knows who else, were so adamant about inventing a “New Religion”?

Isn’t this enough evidence to reason that the “New Testament” has no credibility?! If not, then people should consider that there are sixteen (16) other men born of a virgin who were also considered so-called “Saviours” The World’s Sixteen Crucified Saviors – “or Christianity before Christ” by Kersey Graves. They never saved anyone either or brought “Peace on Earth”. For some reason, people of old thought this was a really catchy idea to rake in the naive to believe the best lie ever told. It kindda worked, too. Two billion people the world over still believe in this stuff.

That’s the “New Testament” story in a nutshell Christians should research to learn how their religion came about. They should also know the real facts:

FACT: Prophets did not exist during the days of JC or during the days of the compilation of the “New Testament”.

“Her gates are sunk into the ground; he hath destroyed and broken her bars: her king and her princes are among the Gentiles: the law is no more; her prophets also find no vision from the LORD.” Lamentation 2:9

FACT: The Children of Israel were not in the Land of Israel at JC’s supposed “Coming”, therefore, GOD did not send him to them.

“James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes which are scattered abroad, greeting.” James 1:1

FACT: Read and see how Christianity has changed GOD’s Ordinances for the likes of a “New Testament” book invented by man to promote believe in a man. And according to the WORD of GOD, nothing could be further from HIS TRUTH:

“For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to every one that believeth.” Romans 10:4

“But now we are delivered from the law, that being dead wherein we were held; that we should serve in newness of spirit, and not inthe oldness of the letter.” Romans 7:6

“But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ. For he is our peace, who hath made both one, and hath broken down the middle wall of partition between us; Having abolished in his flesh the enmity, even the law of commandments contained in ordinances; for to make in himself of twain one new man, so making peace;” Ephesians 2:13 – 15

“And you, being dead in your sins and the uncircumcision of your flesh, hath he quickened together with him, having forgiven you all trespasses; Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross;

“Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the new moon, or of the sabbath days:” Colossians 2:13,14,16

“For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came by Jesus Christ.” John 1:17

“Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me.” John 14:6

THINK!!!

Where is the wisdom in the CREATOR waiting thousands of years until the Roman Era to provide the world with a so-called “Gospel”? The CREATOR GOD presented HIS Righteous Way of Life in the very BEGINNNG for mankind to follow. If HE hadn’t, Noah would not have been called a “Righteous” man:

“And the LORD said unto Noah, Come thou and all thy house into the ark; for thee have I seen righteous before me in this generation.” Genesis 7:1

Even unto this day, the CREATOR GOD’s RIGHTEOUSNESS still stands in order that people will know HIM and learn HIS Righteous Paths to walk, live, and do. For this reason, I cannot stress GOD’s Book of the Law enough:

“Now therefore hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I teach you, for to do them, that ye may live, and go in and possess the land which the LORD God of your fathers giveth you. Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall ye diminish ought from it, that ye may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you.” Deuteronomy 4:1,2

“Only be thou strong and very courageous, that thou mayest observe to do according to all the law, which Moses my servant commanded thee: turn not from it to the right hand or to the left, that thou mayest prosper whithersoever thou goest. This book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth; but thou shalt meditate therein day and night, that thou mayest observe to do according to all that is written therein: for then thou shalt make thy way prosperous, and then thou shalt have good success. Have not I commanded thee? Be strong and of a good courage; be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed: for the LORD thy God is with thee whithersoever thou goest.” Joshua 1:7 - 9

“That thou mayest love the LORD thy God, and that thou mayest obey his voice, and that thou mayest cleave unto him: for he is thy life, and the length of thy days: that thou mayest dwell in the land which the LORD sware unto thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give them.” Deuteronomy 30:20

“And he said unto them, Set your hearts unto all the words which I testify among you this day, which ye shall command your children to observe to do, all the words of this law. For it is not a vain thing for you; because it is your life: and through this thing ye shall prolong your days in the land, whither ye go over Jordan to possess it.” Deuteronomy 32:46,47

“Know therefore that the LORD thy God, he is God, the faithful God, which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that love him and keep his commandments to a thousand generations; And repayeth them that hate him to their face, to destroy them: he will not be slack to him that hateth him, he will repay him to his face. Thou shalt therefore keep the commandments, and the statutes, and the judgments, which I command thee this day, to do them. Wherefore it shall come to pass, if ye hearken to these judgments, and keep, and do them, that the LORD thy God shall keep unto thee the covenant and the mercy which he sware unto thy fathers: And he will love thee, and bless thee, and multiply thee: he will also bless the fruit of thy womb, and the fruit of thy land, thy corn, and thy wine, and thine oil, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep, in the land which he sware unto thy fathers to give thee. Thou shalt be blessed above all people: there shall not be male or female barren among you, or among your cattle. And the LORD will take away from thee all sickness, and will put none of the evil diseases of Egypt, which thou knowest, upon thee; but will lay them upon all them that hate thee.” Deuteronomy 7:9 – 15

“Say unto them, As I live, saith the Lord GOD, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked; but that the wicked turn from his way and live: turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways; for why will ye die, O house of Israel? Therefore, thou son of man, say unto the children of thy people, The righteousness of the righteous shall not deliver him in the day of his transgression: as for the wickedness of the wicked, he shall not fall thereby in the day that he turneth from his wickedness; neither shall the righteous be able to live for his righteousness in the day that he sinneth.

When I shall say to the righteous, that he shall surely live; if he trust to his own righteousness, and commit iniquity, all his righteousnesses shall not be remembered; but for his iniquity that he hath committed, he shall die for it. Again, when I say unto the wicked, Thou shalt surely die; if he turn from his sin, and do that which is lawful and right; If the wicked restore the pledge, give again that he had robbed, walk in the statutes of life, without committing iniquity; he shall surely live, he shall not die. None of his sins that he hath committed shall be mentioned unto him: he hath done that which is lawful and right; he shall surely live.” Ezekiel 33:11 -16

“Fret not thyself because of evildoers, neither be thou envious against the workers of iniquity. For they shall soon be cut down like the grass, and wither as the green herb. Trust in the LORD, and do good; so shalt thou dwell in the land, and verily thou shalt be fed. Delight thyself also in the LORD; and he shall give thee the desires of thine heart. Commit thy way unto the LORD; trust also in him; and he shall bring it to pass. And he shall bring forth thy righteousness as the light, and thy judgment as the noonday. Rest in the LORD, and wait patiently for him: fret not thyself because of him who prospereth in his way, because of the man who bringeth wicked devices to pass.” Psalm 37:1 - 7

CLEARLY THE HEBREW SCRIPTURES KNEW NOTHING ABOUT JC!

FACT: All the above “New Testament” writings contradict everything the CREATOR GOD exemplifies and demonstrates and all that HE perpetuated in the ears of HIS Prophets and HIS People.

“If we have forgotten the name of our God, or stretched out our hands to a strange god; Shall not God search this out? for he knoweth the secrets of the heart.” Psalm 44:20,21

“Hear, O my people, and I will testify unto thee: O Israel, if thou wilt hearken unto me; There shall no strange god be in thee; neither shalt thou worship any strange god. I am the LORD thy God, which brought thee out of the land of Egypt: open thy mouth wide, and I will fill it.” Psalm 81:8 - 10

“Yet I am the LORD thy God from the land of Egypt, and thou shalt know no god but me: for there is no saviour beside me. I did know thee in the wilderness, in the land of great drought.” Hosea 13:4,5

Clearly, the teachings of the “New Testament” are no more a path for people to take to so-called “enter heaven” than salvation is through belief in JC. Just as JC is an invention of man, so also is the unfounded idea of Christians or anyone going to Heaven, a concept alien and unfounded in the WORD of GOD and all the Scripture in the “Old Testament”. It wasn’t a good decision for Christianity to promote going to Heaven, as there is nothing in GOD’s WORD to indicate that man will die and go to Heaven, albeit, the very opposite. “Death” is a curse, that resulted from the sins in Garden of Eden.

“In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.” Genesis 3:19

“For in death there is no remembrance of thee: in the grave who shall give thee thanks?” Psalm 6:5

As righteous as was Samuel in that GOD was with him and did not let his words fall to the ground (I Sam. 3:19), not even he died and went to Heaven.

“And Samuel said to Saul, Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me up? And Saul answered, I am sore distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and God is departed from me, and answereth me no more, neither by prophets, nor by dreams: therefore I have called thee, that thou mayest make known unto me what I shall do. Then said Samuel, Wherefore then dost thou ask of me, seeing the LORD is departed from thee, and is become thine enemy? And the LORD hath done to him, as he spake by me: for the LORD hath rent the kingdom out of thine hand, and given it to thy neighbour, even to David: Because thou obeyedst not the voice of the LORD, nor executedst his fierce wrath upon Amalek, therefore hath the LORD done this thing unto thee this day. Moreover the LORD will also deliver Israel with thee into the hand of the Philistines: and to morrow shalt thou and thy sons be with me: the LORD also shall deliver the host of Israel into the hand of the Philistines.” I Samuel 28:15 -19

“For the grave cannot praise thee, death cannot celebrate thee: they that go down into the pit cannot hope for thy truth.” Isaiah 38:18

Because of diverse religions, the world has forgotten the CREATOR GOD and HIS Paths of Righteousness that HE set forth when HE Created the Heavens and the Earth. And at the end of the day, the CREATOR will make HIS Righteous LAW HONORABLE!

“The LORD is well pleased for his righteousness' sake; he will magnify the law, and make it honourable.” Isaiah 42:21

More importantly, this CREATOR GOD never needed a go between for receiving prayers from people who chose to seek HIM to make HIM their GOD. The “New Testament” made all this up.

“Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me.” John 14:6

You see, the CREATOR GOD thrives on delight in HIM. HE is a JEALOUS GOD whose Holy Name is JEALOUS, and the last thing this JEALOUS GOD wants is for people to turn to anyone or anything BUT HIM! The Children of Israel, HIS Covenant People, were scattered into the world for calling on other gods. So, why would the CREATOR GOD tell people to turn to JC, pray to him and to worship him? Given what’s written in GOD’s LAW, at HIS WORD, and at the WORD of HIS Prophets, this makes no sense at all. THINK!!!

“And Hannah answered and said, No, my lord, I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit: I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink, but have poured out my soul before the LORD.” I Samuel 1:15

“In God is my salvation and my glory: the rock of my strength, and my refuge, is in God. Trust in him at all times; ye people, pour out your heart before him: God is a refuge for us. Selah.” Psalm 62:7,8

“And call upon me in the day of trouble: I will deliver thee, and thou shalt glorify me.” Psalm 50:15

“When he slew them, then they sought him: and they returned and inquired early after God. And they remembered that God was their rock, and the high God their redeemer.” Psalm 78:34,35

“O give thanks unto the LORD; call upon his name: make known his deeds among the people. Sing unto him, sing psalms unto him: talk ye of all his wondrous works. Glory ye in his holy name: let the heart of them rejoice that seek the LORD.” Psalm 105:1 - 3

“Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth: for I am God, and there is none else.” Isaiah 45:22

“Then shalt thou call, and the LORD shall answer; thou shalt cry, and he shall say, Here I am. If thou take away from the midst of thee the yoke, the putting forth of the finger, and speaking vanity;” Isaiah 58:9

“The spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me; because the LORD hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek; he hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound; To proclaim the acceptable year of the LORD, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all that mourn; To appoint unto them that mourn in Zion, to give unto them beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness; that they might be called trees of righteousness, the planting of the LORD, that he might be glorified.” Isaiah 61:3 - 3

“…Thou shalt call me, My father; and shalt not turn away from me.” Jeremiah 3:19

“Then shall ye call upon me, and ye shall go and pray unto me, and I will hearken unto you.” Jeremiah 29:12

“Arise, cry out in the night: in the beginning of the watches pour out thine heart like water before the face of the Lord: lift up thy hands toward him for the life of thy young children, that faint for hunger in the top of every street.” Lamentations 2:19

“For I am the LORD, I change not; therefore ye sons of Jacob are not consumed. Even from the days of your fathers ye are gone away from mine ordinances, and have not kept them. Return unto me, and I will return unto you, saith the LORD of hosts. But ye said, Wherein shall we return?” Malachi 3:6,7

“Then they that feared the LORD spake often one to another: and the LORD hearkened, and heard it, and a book of remembrance was written before him for them that feared the LORD, and that thought upon his name. And they shall be mine, saith the LORD of hosts, in that day when I make up my jewels; and I will spare them, as a man spareth his own son that serveth him.” Malachi 3:16,17

The “New Testament” writers disregarded the fact that GOD’s Righteous LAW is FOREVER, and foremost it is about worshipping HIM and living according to HIS Divine LAW!

“And the statutes, and the ordinances, and the law, and the commandment, which he wrote for you, ye shall observe to do for evermore; and ye shall not fear other gods. And the covenant that I have made with you ye shall not forget; neither shall ye fear other gods. But the LORD your God ye shall fear; and he shall deliver you out of the hand of all your enemies.” II Kings 17:37 - 39

“Therefore thou shalt love the LORD thy God, and keep his charge, and his statutes, and his judgments, and his commandments, alway.” Deuteronomy 11:1

Thus, we should all know that the CREATOR GOD will put HIS LAW in the hearts of HIS People. AND IT SHOULD BE PERFECTLY UNDERSTOOD THAT HIS LAW IS ALL ABOUT THE WORSHIP OF HIM, THE CREATOR GOD OF ISRAEL!

“Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah: Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto them, saith the LORD: But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the LORD, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people. And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the LORD: for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD: for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.” Jeremiah 31:31 – 34

“Therefore also now, saith the LORD, turn ye even to me with all your heart, and with fasting, and with weeping, and with mourning: And rend your heart, and not your garments, and turn unto the LORD your God: for he is gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and repenteth him of the evil.” Joel 2:12,13

“I smote you with blasting and with mildew and with hail in all the labours of your hands; yet ye turned not to me, saith the LORD. Consider now from this day and upward, from the four and twentieth day of the ninth month, even from the day that the foundation of the LORD'S temple was laid, consider it.” Haggai 2:17,18

“For I am the LORD, I change not; therefore ye sons of Jacob are not consumed. Even from the days of your fathers ye are gone away from mine ordinances, and have not kept them. Return unto me, and I will return unto you, saith the LORD of hosts. But ye said, Wherein shall we return?” Malachi 3:6,7

Hence, the “New Testament” writers and their theology are proved a fraud and are exposed and will not continue, as this book is not in agreement with GOD’s WORD or the PROPHECY HE has planned for these latter days. GOD’s Righteousness is FOREVER, HIS Temple will be rebuilt, and every knee will bow to HIM. And HIS Covenant People will be re-established before HIM. And to HIM every knee of Hebrew Israelites and Gentiles will bow.

“I have sworn by myself, the word is gone out of my mouth in righteousness, and shall not return, That unto me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear.” Isaiah 45:23

“For as the earth bringeth forth her bud, and as the garden causeth the things that are sown in it to spring forth; so the Lord GOD will cause righteousness and praise to spring forth before all the nations.” Isaiah 61:11

“And it shall come to pass, that from one new moon to another, and from one sabbath to another, shall all flesh come to worship before me, saith the LORD.” Isaiah 66:23

“Thus saith the LORD of hosts; It shall yet come to pass, that there shall come people, and the inhabitants of many cities: And the inhabitants of one city shall go to another, saying, Let us go speedily to pray before the LORD, and to seek the LORD of hosts: I will go also. Yea, many people and strong nations shall come to seek the LORD of hosts in Jerusalem, and to pray before the LORD. Thus saith the LORD of hosts; In those days it shall come to pass, that ten men shall take hold out of all languages of the nations, even shall take hold of the skirt of him that is a Jew, saying, We will go with you: for we have heard that God is with you.” Zechariah 8:22

Nowhere is there any hint of the likes of JC in this mix - NOWHERE!

The extraordinary TRUTH about GOD’s WORD is that it all jibes: GOD’s LAW, HIS WORD, and the WORDS of HIS Prophets!

“Behold, I have taught you statutes and judgments, even as the LORD my God commanded me, that ye should do so in the land whither ye go to possess it. Keep therefore and do them; for this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the nations, which shall hear all these statutes, and say, Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.” Deuteronomy 4:5,6

“Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God is one LORD: And thou shalt love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might.” Deuteronomy 6:4,5

“Have we not all one father? hath not one God created us? why do we deal treacherously every man against his brother, by profaning the covenant of our fathers?” Malachi 2:10

“For I am the LORD, I change not; therefore ye sons of Jacob are not consumed.” Malachi 3:6

And the Land of Israel stands WITNESS to the fact that the CREATOR GOD of Israel will return to live in the midst of HIS People, the Children of Israel and establish HIS Ways of Righteousness, Peace, and Happiness upon HIS Earth!

“Wait on the LORD, and keep his way, and he shall exalt thee to inherit the land:

when the wicked are cut off, thou shalt see it.

I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like a green bay tree.

Yet he passed away, and, lo, he was not: yea, I sought him, but he could not be found.”

Psalm 37:34 – 36

“For I the LORD love judgment, I hate robbery for burnt offering;

and I will direct their work in truth, and I will make an everlasting covenant with them.

And their seed shall be known among the Gentiles, and their offspring among the people: all that see them shall acknowledge them,

that they are the seed which the LORD hath blessed.

I will greatly rejoice in the LORD, my soul shall be joyful in my God;

for he hath clothed me with the garments of salvation, he hath covered me

with the robe of righteousness, as a bridegroom decketh himself with ornaments,

and as a bride adorneth herself with her jewels.

For as the earth bringeth forth her bud, and as the garden causeth the things that are sown in it to spring forth; so the Lord GOD will cause righteousness and praise

to spring forth before all the nations.”

Isaiah 61:11

*****

The Forged Origins of The New Testament

In the fourth century, the Roman Emperor Constantine united all religious factions under one composite deity, and ordered the compilation of new and old writings into a uniform collection that became the New Testament.

What the Church doesn't want you to know

It has often been emphasized that Christianity is unlike any other religion, for it stands or falls by certain events which are alleged to have occurred during a short period of time some 20 centuries ago. Those stories are presented in the New Testament, and as new evidence is revealed it will become clear that they do not represent historical realities. The Church agrees, saying:

"Our documentary sources of knowledge about the origins of Christianity and its earliest development are chiefly the New Testament Scriptures, the authenticity of which we must, to a great extent, take for granted." (Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. iii, p. 712)

The Church makes extraordinary admissions about its New Testament. For example, when discussing the origin of those writings, "the most distinguished body of academic opinion ever assembled" (Catholic Encyclopedias, Preface) admits that the Gospels "do not go back to the first century of the Christian era" (Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. vi, p. 137, pp. 655-6). This statement conflicts with priesthood assertions that the earliest Gospels were progressively written during the decades following the death of the Gospel Jesus Christ. In a remarkable aside, the Church further admits that "the earliest of the extant manuscripts [of the New Testament], it is true, do not date back beyond the middle of the fourth century AD" (Catholic Encyclopedia, op. cit., pp. 656-7). That is some 350 years after the time the Church claims that a Jesus Christ walked the sands of Palestine, and here the true story of Christian origins slips into one of the biggest black holes in history. There is, however, a reason why there were no New Testaments until the fourth century: they were not written until then, and here we find evidence of the greatest misrepresentation of all time.

It was British-born Flavius Constantinus (Constantine, originally Custennyn or Custennin) (272-337) who authorised the compilation of the writings now called the New Testament. After the death of his father in 306, Constantine became King of Britain, Gaul and Spain, and then, after a series of victorious battles, Emperor of the Roman Empire. Christian historians give little or no hint of the turmoil of the times and suspend Constantine in the air, free of all human events happening around him. In truth, one of Constantine's main problems was the uncontrollable disorder amongst presbyters and their belief in numerous gods.

The majority of modern-day Christian writers suppress the truth about the development of their religion and conceal Constantine's efforts to curb the disreputable character of the presbyters who are now called "Church Fathers" (Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. xiv, pp. 370-1). They were "maddened", he said (Life of Constantine, attributed to Eusebius Pamphilius of Caesarea, c. 335, vol. iii, p. 171; The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, cited as N&PNF, attributed to St Ambrose, Rev. Prof. Roberts, DD, and Principal James Donaldson, LLD, editors, 1891, vol. iv, p. 467). The "peculiar type of oratory" expounded by them was a challenge to a settled religious order (The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Religion, Literature and Art, Oskar Seyffert, Gramercy, New York, 1995, pp. 544-5). Ancient records reveal the true nature of the presbyters, and the low regard in which they were held has been subtly suppressed by modern Church historians. In reality, they were:

"...the most rustic fellows, teaching strange paradoxes. They openly declared that none but the ignorant was fit to hear their discourses ... they never appeared in the circles of the wiser and better sort, but always took care to intrude themselves among the ignorant and uncultured, rambling around to play tricks at fairs and markets ... they lard their lean books with the fat of old fables ... and still the less do they understand ... and they write nonsense on vellum ... and still be doing, never done." (Contra Celsum ["Against Celsus"], Origen of Alexandria, c. 251, Bk I, p. lxvii, Bk III, p. xliv, passim)

Clusters of presbyters had developed "many gods and many lords" (1 Cor. 8:5) and numerous religious sects existed, each with differing doctrines (Gal. 1:6). Presbyterial groups clashed over attributes of their various gods and "altar was set against altar" in competing for an audience (Optatus of Milevis, 1:15, 19, early fourth century). From Constantine's point of view, there were several factions that needed satisfying, and he set out to develop an all-embracing religion during a period of irreverent confusion. In an age of crass ignorance, with nine-tenths of the peoples of Europe illiterate, stabilising religious splinter groups was only one of Constantine's problems. The smooth generalisation, which so many historians are content to repeat, that Constantine "embraced the Christian religion" and subsequently granted "official toleration", is "contrary to historical fact" and should be erased from our literature forever (Catholic Encyclopedia, Pecci ed., vol. iii, p. 299, passim). Simply put, there was no Christian religion at Constantine's time, and the Church acknowledges that the tale of his "conversion" and "baptism" are "entirely legendary" (Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. xiv, pp. 370-1).

Constantine "never acquired a solid theological knowledge" and "depended heavily on his advisers in religious questions" (Catholic Encyclopedia, New Edition, vol. xii, p. 576, passim). According to Eusebeius (260-339), Constantine noted that among the presbyterian factions "strife had grown so serious, vigorous action was necessary to establish a more religious state", but he could not bring about a settlement between rival god factions (Life of Constantine, op. cit., pp. 26-8). His advisers warned him that the presbyters' religions were "destitute of foundation" and needed official stabilisation (ibid.).

Constantine saw in this confused system of fragmented dogmas the opportunity to create a new and combined State religion, neutral in concept, and to protect it by law. When he conquered the East in 324 he sent his Spanish religious adviser, Osius of Córdoba, to Alexandria with letters to several bishops exhorting them to make peace among themselves. The mission failed and Constantine, probably at the suggestion of Osius, then issued a decree commanding all presbyters and their subordinates "be mounted on asses, mules and horses belonging to the public, and travel to the city of Nicaea" in the Roman province of Bithynia in Asia Minor. They were instructed to bring with them the testimonies they orated to the rabble, "bound in leather" for protection during the long journey, and surrender them to Constantine upon arrival in Nicaea (The Catholic Dictionary, Addis and Arnold, 1917, "Council of Nicaea" entry). Their writings totalled "in all, two thousand two hundred and thirty-one scrolls and legendary tales of gods and saviours, together with a record of the doctrines orated by them" (Life of Constantine, op. cit., vol. ii, p. 73; N&PNF, op. cit., vol. i, p. 518).

The First Council of Nicaea and the "missing records"

Thus, the first ecclesiastical gathering in history was summoned and is today known as the Council of Nicaea. It was a bizarre event that provided many details of early clerical thinking and presents a clear picture of the intellectual climate prevailing at the time. It was at this gathering that Christianity was born, and the ramifications of decisions made at the time are difficult to calculate. About four years prior to chairing the Council, Constantine had been initiated into the religious order of Sol Invictus, one of the two thriving cults that regarded the Sun as the one and only Supreme God (the other was Mithraism). Because of his Sun worship, he instructed Eusebius to convene the first of three sittings on the summer solstice, 21 June 325 (Catholic Encyclopedia, New Edition, vol. i, p. 792), and it was "held in a hall in Osius's palace" (Ecclesiastical History, Bishop Louis Dupin, Paris, 1686, vol. i, p. 598). In an account of the proceedings of the conclave of presbyters gathered at Nicaea, Sabinius, Bishop of Hereclea, who was in attendance, said, "Excepting Constantine himself and Eusebius Pamphilius, they were a set of illiterate, simple creatures who understood nothing" (Secrets of the Christian Fathers, Bishop J. W. Sergerus, 1685, 1897 reprint).

This is another luminous confession of the ignorance and uncritical credulity of early churchmen. Dr Richard Watson (1737-1816), a disillusioned Christian historian and one-time Bishop of Llandaff in Wales (1782), referred to them as "a set of gibbering idiots" (An Apology for Christianity, 1776, 1796 reprint; also, Theological Tracts, Dr Richard Watson, "On Councils" entry, vol. 2, London, 1786, revised reprint 1791). From his extensive research into Church councils, Dr Watson concluded that "the clergy at the Council of Nicaea were all under the power of the devil, and the convention was composed of the lowest rabble and patronised the vilest abominations" (An Apology for Christianity, op. cit.). It was that infantile body of men who were responsible for the commencement of a new religion and the theological creation of Jesus Christ.

The Church admits that vital elements of the proceedings at Nicaea are "strangely absent from the canons" (Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. iii, p. 160). We shall see shortly what happened to them. However, according to records that endured, Eusebius "occupied the first seat on the right of the emperor and delivered the inaugural address on the emperor's behalf" (Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. v, pp. 619-620). There were no British presbyters at the council but many Greek delegates. "Seventy Eastern bishops" represented Asiatic factions, and small numbers came from other areas (Ecclesiastical History, ibid.). Caecilian of Carthage travelled from Africa, Paphnutius of Thebes from Egypt, Nicasius of Die (Dijon) from Gaul, and Donnus of Stridon made the journey from Pannonia.

It was at that puerile assembly, and with so many cults represented, that a total of 318 "bishops, priests, deacons, subdeacons, acolytes and exorcists" gathered to debate and decide upon a unified belief system that encompassed only one god (An Apology for Christianity, op. cit.). By this time, a huge assortment of "wild texts" (Catholic Encyclopedia, New Edition, "Gospel and Gospels") circulated amongst presbyters and they supported a great variety of Eastern and Western gods and goddesses: Jove, Jupiter, Salenus, Baal, Thor, Gade, Apollo, Juno, Aries, Taurus, Minerva, Rhets, Mithra, Theo, Fragapatti, Atys, Durga, Indra, Neptune, Vulcan, Kriste, Agni, Croesus, Pelides, Huit, Hermes, Thulis, Thammus, Eguptus, Iao, Aph, Saturn, Gitchens, Minos, Maximo, Hecla and Phernes (God's Book of Eskra, anon., ch. xlviii, paragraph 36).

Up until the First Council of Nicaea, the Roman aristocracy primarily worshipped two Greek gods-Apollo and Zeus-but the great bulk of common people idolised either Julius Caesar or Mithras (the Romanised version of the Persian deity Mithra). Caesar was deified by the Roman Senate after his death (15 March 44 BC) and subsequently venerated as "the Divine Julius". The word "Saviour" was affixed to his name, its literal meaning being "one who sows the seed", i.e., he was a phallic god. Julius Caesar was hailed as "God made manifest and universal Saviour of human life", and his successor Augustus was called the "ancestral God and Saviour of the whole human race" (Man and his Gods, Homer Smith, Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1952). Emperor Nero (54-68), whose original name was Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (37-68), was immortalised on his coins as the "Saviour of mankind" (ibid.). The Divine Julius as Roman Saviour and "Father of the Empire" was considered "God" among the Roman rabble for more than 300 years. He was the deity in some Western presbyters' texts, but was not recognised in Eastern or Oriental writings.

Constantine's intention at Nicaea was to create an entirely new god for his empire who would unite all religious factions under one deity. Presbyters were asked to debate and decide who their new god would be. Delegates argued among themselves, expressing personal motives for inclusion of particular writings that promoted the finer traits of their own special deity. Throughout the meeting, howling factions were immersed in heated debates, and the names of 53 gods were tabled for discussion. "As yet, no God had been selected by the council, and so they balloted in order to determine that matter... For one year and five months the balloting lasted..." (God's Book of Eskra, Prof. S. L. MacGuire's translation, Salisbury, 1922, chapter xlviii, paragraphs 36, 41).

At the end of that time, Constantine returned to the gathering to discover that the presbyters had not agreed on a new deity but had balloted down to a shortlist of five prospects: Caesar, Krishna, Mithra, Horus and Zeus (Historia Ecclesiastica, Eusebius, c. 325). Constantine was the ruling spirit at Nicaea and he ultimately decided upon a new god for them. To involve British factions, he ruled that the name of the great Druid god, Hesus, be joined with the Eastern Saviour-god, Krishna (Krishna is Sanskrit for Christ), and thus Hesus Krishna would be the official name of the new Roman god. A vote was taken and it was with a majority show of hands (161 votes to 157) that both divinities became one God. Following longstanding heathen custom, Constantine used the official gathering and the Roman apotheosis decree to legally deify two deities as one, and did so by democratic consent. A new god was proclaimed and "officially" ratified by Constantine (Acta Concilii Nicaeni, 1618). That purely political act of deification effectively and legally placed Hesus and Krishna among the Roman gods as one individual composite. That abstraction lent Earthly existence to amalgamated doctrines for the Empire's new religion; and because there was no letter "J" in alphabets until around the ninth century, the name subsequently evolved into "Jesus Christ".

How the Gospels were created

Constantine then instructed Eusebius to organise the compilation of a uniform collection of new writings developed from primary aspects of the religious texts submitted at the council. His instructions were:

"Search ye these books, and whatever is good in them, that retain; but whatsoever is evil, that cast away. What is good in one book, unite ye with that which is good in another book. And whatsoever is thus brought together shall be called The Book of Books. And it shall be the doctrine of my people, which I will recommend unto all nations, that there shall be no more war for religions' sake." (God's Book of Eskra, op. cit., chapter xlviii, paragraph 31)

"Make them to astonish" said Constantine, and "the books were written accordingly" (Life of Constantine, vol. iv, pp. 36-39). Eusebius amalgamated the "legendary tales of all the religious doctrines of the world together as one", using the standard god-myths from the presbyters' manuscripts as his exemplars. Merging the supernatural "god" stories of Mithra and Krishna with British Culdean beliefs effectively joined the orations of Eastern and Western presbyters together "to form a new universal belief" (ibid.). Constantine believed that the amalgamated collection of myths would unite variant and opposing religious factions under one representative story. Eusebius then arranged for scribes to produce "fifty sumptuous copies ... to be written on parchment in a legible manner, and in a convenient portable form, by professional scribes thoroughly accomplished in their art" (ibid.). "These orders," said Eusebius, "were followed by the immediate execution of the work itself ... we sent him [Constantine] magnificently and elaborately bound volumes of three-fold and four-fold forms" (Life of Constantine, vol. iv, p. 36). They were the "New Testimonies", and this is the first mention (c. 331) of the New Testament in the historical record.

With his instructions fulfilled, Constantine then decreed that the New Testimonies would thereafter be called the "word of the Roman Saviour God" (Life of Constantine, vol. iii, p. 29) and official to all presbyters sermonising in the Roman Empire. He then ordered earlier presbyterial manuscripts and the records of the council "burnt" and declared that "any man found concealing writings should be stricken off from his shoulders" (beheaded) (ibid.). As the record shows, presbyterial writings previous to the Council of Nicaea no longer exist, except for some fragments that have survived.

Some council records also survived, and they provide alarming ramifications for the Church.Some old documents say that the First Council of Nicaea ended in mid-November 326, while others say the struggle to establish a god was so fierce that it extended "for four years and seven months" from its beginning in June 325 (Secrets of the Christian Fathers, op. cit.). Regardless of when it ended, the savagery and violence it encompassed were concealed under the glossy title "Great and Holy Synod", assigned to the assembly by the Church in the 18th century. Earlier Churchmen, however, expressed a different opinion.

The Second Council of Nicaea in 786-87 denounced the First Council of Nicaea as "a synod of fools and madmen" and sought to annul "decisions passed by men with troubled brains" (History of the Christian Church, H. H. Milman, DD, 1871). If one chooses to read the records of the Second Nicaean Council and notes references to "affrighted bishops" and the "soldiery" needed to "quell proceedings", the "fools and madmen" declaration is surely an example of the pot calling the kettle black.

Constantine died in 337 and his outgrowth of many now-called pagan beliefs into a new religious system brought many converts. Later Church writers made him "the great champion of Christianity" which he gave "legal status as the religion of the Roman Empire" (Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire, Matthew Bunson, Facts on File, New York, 1994, p. 86). Historical records reveal this to be incorrect, for it was "self-interest" that led him to create Christianity (A Smaller Classical Dictionary, J. M. Dent, London, 1910, p. 161). Yet it wasn't called "Christianity" until the 15th century (How The Great Pan Died, Professor Edmond S. Bordeaux [Vatican archivist], Mille Meditations, USA, MCMLXVIII, pp. 45-7).

Over the ensuing centuries, Constantine's New Testimonies were expanded upon, "interpolations" were added and other writings included (Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. vi, pp. 135-137; also, Pecci ed., vol. ii, pp. 121-122). For example, in 397 John "golden-mouthed" Chrysostom restructured the writings of Apollonius of Tyana, a first-century wandering sage, and made them part of the New Testimonies (Secrets of the Christian Fathers, op. cit.). The Latinised name for Apollonius is Paulus (A Latin-English Dictionary, J. T. White and J. E. Riddle, Ginn & Heath, Boston, 1880), and the Church today calls those writings the Epistles of Paul. Apollonius's personal attendant, Damis, an Assyrian scribe, is Demis in the New Testament (2 Tim. 4:10).

The Church hierarchy knows the truth about the origin of its Epistles, for Cardinal Bembo (d. 1547), secretary to Pope Leo X (d. 1521), advised his associate, Cardinal Sadoleto, to disregard them, saying "put away these trifles, for such absurdities do not become a man of dignity; they were introduced on the scene later by a sly voice from heaven" (Cardinal Bembo: His Letters and Comments on Pope Leo X, A. L. Collins, London, 1842 reprint).

The Church admits that the Epistles of Paul are forgeries, saying, "Even the genuine Epistles were greatly interpolated to lend weight to the personal views of their authors" (Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. vii, p. 645). Likewise, St Jerome (d. 420) declared that the Acts of the Apostles, the fifth book of the New Testament, was also "falsely written" ("The Letters of Jerome", Library of the Fathers, Oxford Movement, 1833-45, vol. v, p. 445).

The shock discovery of an ancient Bible

The New Testament subsequently evolved into a fulsome piece of priesthood propaganda, and the Church claimed it recorded the intervention of a divine Jesus Christ into Earthly affairs. However, a spectacular discovery in a remote Egyptian monastery revealed to the world the extent of later falsifications of the Christian texts, themselves only an "assemblage of legendary tales" (Encyclopédie, Diderot, 1759). On 4 February 1859, 346 leaves of an ancient codex were discovered in the furnace room at St Catherine's monastery at Mt Sinai, and its contents sent shockwaves through the Christian world. Along with other old codices, it was scheduled to be burned in the kilns to provide winter warmth for the inhabitants of the monastery. Written in Greek on donkey skins, it carried both the Old and New Testaments, and later in time archaeologists dated its composition to around the year 380. It was discovered by Dr Constantin von Tischendorf (1815-1874), a brilliant and pious German biblical scholar, and he called it the Sinaiticus, the Sinai Bible. Tischendorf was a professor of theology who devoted his entire life to the study of New Testament origins, and his desire to read all the ancient Christian texts led him on the long, camel-mounted journey to St Catherine's Monastery.

During his lifetime, Tischendorf had access to other ancient Bibles unavailable to the public, such as the Alexandrian (or Alexandrinus) Bible, believed to be the second oldest Bible in the world. It was so named because in 1627 it was taken from Alexandria to Britain and gifted to King Charles I (1600-49). Today it is displayed alongside the world's oldest known Bible, the Sinaiticus, in the British Library in London. During his research, Tischendorf had access to the Vaticanus, the Vatican Bible, believed to be the third oldest in the world and dated to the mid-sixth century (The Various Versions of the Bible, Dr Constantin von Tischendorf, 1874, available in the British Library). It was locked away in the Vatican's inner library. Tischendorf asked if he could extract handwritten notes, but his request was declined. However, when his guard took refreshment breaks, Tischendorf wrote comparative narratives on the palm of his hand and sometimes on his fingernails ("Are Our Gospels Genuine or Not?", Dr Constantin von Tischendorf, lecture, 1869, available in the British Library).

Today, there are several other Bibles written in various languages during the fifth and sixth centuries, examples being the Syriacus, the Cantabrigiensis (Bezae), the Sarravianus and the Marchalianus.

A shudder of apprehension echoed through Christendom in the last quarter of the 19th century when English-language versions of the Sinai Bible were published. Recorded within these pages is information that disputes Christianity's claim of historicity. Christians were provided with irrefutable evidence of wilful falsifications in all modern New Testaments. So different was the Sinai Bible's New Testament from versions then being published that the Church angrily tried to annul the dramatic new evidence that challenged its very existence. In a series of articles published in the London Quarterly Review in 1883, John W. Burgon, Dean of Chichester, used every rhetorical device at his disposal to attack the Sinaiticus' earlier and opposing story of Jesus Christ, saying that "...without a particle of hesitation, the Sinaiticus is scandalously corrupt ... exhibiting the most shamefully mutilated texts which are anywhere to be met with; they have become, by whatever process, the depositories of the largest amount of fabricated readings, ancient blunders and intentional perversions of the truth which are discoverable in any known copies of the word of God". Dean Burgon's concerns mirror opposing aspects of Gospel stories then current, having by now evolved to a new stage through centuries of tampering with the fabric of an already unhistorical document.

The revelations of ultraviolet light testing

In 1933, the British Museum in London purchased the Sinai Bible from the Soviet government for £100,000, of which £65,000 was gifted by public subscription. Prior to the acquisition, this Bible was displayed in the Imperial Library in St Petersburg, Russia, and "few scholars had set eyes on it" (The Daily Telegraph and Morning Post, 11 January 1938, p. 3). When it went on display in 1933 as "the oldest Bible in the world" (ibid.), it became the centre of a pilgrimage unequalled in the history of the British Museum.

Before I summarise its conflictions, it should be noted that this old codex is by no means a reliable guide to New Testament study as it contains superabundant errors and serious re-editing. These anomalies were exposed as a result of the months of ultraviolet-light tests carried out at the British Museum in the mid-1930s. The findings revealed replacements of numerous passages by at least nine different editors. Photographs taken during testing revealed that ink pigments had been retained deep in the pores of the skin. The original words were readable under ultraviolet light. Anybody wishing to read the results of the tests should refer to the book written by the researchers who did the analysis: the Keepers of the Department of Manuscripts at the British Museum (Scribes and Correctors of the Codex Sinaiticus, H. J. M. Milne and T. C. Skeat, British Museum, London, 1938).

Forgery in the Gospels

When the New Testament in the Sinai Bible is compared with a modern-day New Testament, a staggering 14,800 editorial alterations can be identified. These amendments can be recognised by a simple comparative exercise that anybody can and should do. Serious study of Christian origins must emanate from the Sinai Bible's version of the New Testament, not modern editions.

Of importance is the fact that the Sinaiticus carries three Gospels since rejected: the Shepherd of Hermas (written by two resurrected ghosts, Charinus and Lenthius), the Missive of Barnabas and the Odes of Solomon. Space excludes elaboration on these bizarre writings and also discussion on dilemmas associated with translation variations.

Modern Bibles are five removes in translation from early editions, and disputes rage between translators over variant interpretations of more than 5,000 ancient words. However, it is what is not written in that old Bible that embarrasses the Church, and this article discusses only a few of those omissions. One glaring example is subtly revealed in the Encyclopaedia Biblica (Adam & Charles Black, London, 1899, vol. iii, p. 3344), where the Church divulges its knowledge about exclusions in old Bibles, saying: "The remark has long ago and often been made that, like Paul, even the earliest Gospels knew nothing of the miraculous birth of our Saviour". That is because there never was a virgin birth.

It is apparent that when Eusebius assembled scribes to write the New Testimonies, he first produced a single document that provided an exemplar or master version. Today it is called the Gospel of Mark, and the Church admits that it was "the first Gospel written" (Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. vi, p. 657), even though it appears second in the New Testament today. The scribes of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke were dependent upon the Mark writing as the source and framework for the compilation of their works. The Gospel of John is independent of those writings, and the late-15th-century theory that it was written later to support the earlier writings is the truth (The Crucifixion of Truth, Tony Bushby, Joshua Books, 2004, pp. 33-40).

Thus, the Gospel of Mark in the Sinai Bible carries the "first" story of Jesus Christ in history, one completely different to what is in modern Bibles. It starts with Jesus "at about the age of thirty" (Mark 1:9), and doesn't know of Mary, a virgin birth or mass murders of baby boys by Herod. Words describing Jesus Christ as "the son of God" do not appear in the opening narrative as they do in today's editions (Mark 1:1), and the modern-day family tree tracing a "messianic bloodline" back to King David is non-existent in all ancient Bibles, as are the now-called "messianic prophecies" (51 in total). The Sinai Bible carries a conflicting version of events surrounding the "raising of Lazarus", and reveals an extraordinary omission that later became the central doctrine of the Christian faith: the resurrection appearances of Jesus Christ and his ascension into Heaven. No supernatural appearance of a resurrected Jesus Christ is recorded in any ancient Gospels of Mark, but a description of over 500 words now appears in modern Bibles (Mark 16:9-20).

Despite a multitude of long-drawn-out self-justifications by Church apologists, there is no unanimity of Christian opinion regarding the non-existence of "resurrection" appearances in ancient Gospel accounts of the story. Not only are those narratives missing in the Sinai Bible, but they are absent in the Alexandrian Bible, the Vatican Bible, the Bezae Bible and an ancient Latin manuscript of Mark, code-named "K" by analysts. They are also lacking in the oldest Armenian version of the New Testament, in sixth-century manuscripts of the Ethiopic version and ninth-century Anglo-Saxon Bibles. However, some 12th-century Gospels have the now-known resurrection verses written within asterisksÑmarks used by scribes to indicate spurious passages in a literary document.

The Church claims that "the resurrection is the fundamental argument for our Christian belief" (Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. xii, p. 792), yet no supernatural appearance of a resurrected Jesus Christ is recorded in any of the earliest Gospels of Mark available. A resurrection and ascension of Jesus Christ is the sine qua non ("without which, nothing") of Christianity (Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. xii, p. 792), confirmed by words attributed to Paul: "If Christ has not been raised, your faith is in vain" (1 Cor. 5:17). The resurrection verses in today's Gospels of Mark are universally acknowledged as forgeries and the Church agrees, saying "the conclusion of Mark is admittedly not genuine ... almost the entire section is a later compilation" (Encyclopaedia Biblica, vol. ii, p. 1880, vol. iii, pp. 1767, 1781; also, Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. iii, under the heading "The Evidence of its Spuriousness"; Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. iii, pp. 274-9 under heading "Canons"). Undaunted, however, the Church accepted the forgery into its dogma and made it the basis of Christianity.

The trend of fictitious resurrection narratives continues. The final chapter of the Gospel of John (21) is a sixth-century forgery, one entirely devoted to describing Jesus' resurrection to his disciples. The Church admits: "The sole conclusion that can be deduced from this is that the 21st chapter was afterwards added and is therefore to be regarded as an appendix to the Gospel" (Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. viii, pp. 441-442; New Catholic Encyclopedia (NCE), "Gospel of John", p. 1080; also NCE, vol. xii, p. 407).

"The Great Insertion" and "The Great Omission"

Modern-day versions of the Gospel of Luke have a staggering 10,000 more words than the same Gospel in the Sinai Bible. Six of those words say of Jesus "and was carried up into heaven", but this narrative does not appear in any of the oldest Gospels of Luke available today ("Three Early Doctrinal Modifications of the Text of the Gospels", F. C. Conybeare, The Hibbert Journal, London, vol. 1, no. 1, Oct 1902, pp. 96-113). Ancient versions do not verify modern-day accounts of an ascension of Jesus Christ, and this falsification clearly indicates an intention to deceive.

Today, the Gospel of Luke is the longest of the canonical Gospels because it now includes "The Great Insertion", an extraordinary 15th-century addition totalling around 8,500 words (Luke 9:51-18:14). The insertion of these forgeries into that Gospel bewilders modern Christian analysts, and of them the Church said: "The character of these passages makes it dangerous to draw inferences" (Catholic Encyclopedia, Pecci ed., vol. ii, p. 407).

Just as remarkable, the oldest Gospels of Luke omit all verses from 6:45 to 8:26, known in priesthood circles as "The Great Omission", a total of 1,547 words. In today's versions, that hole has been "plugged up" with passages plagiarised from other Gospels. Dr Tischendorf found that three paragraphs in newer versions of the Gospel of Luke's version of the Last Supper appeared in the 15th century, but the Church still passes its Gospels off as the unadulterated "word of God" ("Are Our Gospels Genuine or Not?", op. cit.)

The "Expurgatory Index"

As was the case with the New Testament, so also were damaging writings of early "Church Fathers" modified in centuries of copying, and many of their records were intentionally rewritten or suppressed.

Adopting the decrees of the Council of Trent (1545-63), the Church subsequently extended the process of erasure and ordered the preparation of a special list of specific information to be expunged from early Christian writings (Delineation of Roman Catholicism, Rev. Charles Elliott, DD, G. Lane & P. P. Sandford, New York, 1842, p. 89; also, The Vatican Censors, Professor Peter Elmsley, Oxford, p. 327, pub. date n/a).

In 1562, the Vatican established a special censoring office called Index Expurgatorius. Its purpose was to prohibit publication of "erroneous passages of the early Church Fathers" that carried statements opposing modern-day doctrine.

When Vatican archivists came across "genuine copies of the Fathers, they corrected them according to the Expurgatory Index" (Index Expurgatorius Vaticanus, R. Gibbings, ed., Dublin, 1837; The Literary Policy of the Church of Rome, Joseph Mendham, J. Duncan, London, 1830, 2nd ed., 1840; The Vatican Censors, op. cit., p. 328). This Church record provides researchers with "grave doubts about the value of all patristic writings released to the public" (The Propaganda Press of Rome, Sir James W. L. Claxton, Whitehaven Books, London, 1942, p. 182).

Important for our story is the fact that the Encyclopaedia Biblica reveals that around 1,200 years of Christian history are unknown: "Unfortunately, only few of the records [of the Church] prior to the year 1198 have been released". It was not by chance that, in that same year (1198), Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) suppressed all records of earlier Church history by establishing the Secret Archives

after spending some years in those Archives, Professor Edmond S. Bordeaux wrote How The Great Pan Died. In a chapter titled "The Whole of Church History is Nothing but a Retroactive Fabrication", he said this (in part):

"The Church ante-dated all her late works, some newly made, some revised and some counterfeited, which contained the final expression of her history ... her technique was to make it appear that much later works written by Church writers were composed a long time earlier, so that they might become evidence of the first, second or third centuries." (How The Great Pan Died, op. cit., p. 46)

Supporting Professor Bordeaux's findings is the fact that, in 1587, Pope Sixtus V (1585-90) established an official Vatican publishing division and said in his own words, "Church history will be now be established ... we shall seek to print our own account"Encyclopédie, Diderot, 1759). Vatican records also reveal that Sixtus V spent 18 months of his life as pope personally writing a new Bible and then introduced into Catholicism a "New Learning" (Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. v, p. 442, vol. xv, p. 376). The evidence that the Church wrote its own history is found in Diderot's Encyclopédie, and it reveals the reason why Pope Clement XIII (1758-69) ordered all volumes to be destroyed immediately after publication in 1759.

Gospel authors exposed as imposters

There is something else involved in this scenario and it is recorded in the Catholic Encyclopedia. An appreciation of the clerical mindset arises when the Church itself admits that it does not know who wrote its Gospels and Epistles, confessing that all 27 New Testament writings began life anonymously:

"It thus appears that the present titles of the Gospels are not traceable to the evangelists themselves ... they [the New Testament collection] are supplied with titles which, however ancient, do not go back to the respective authors of those writings." (Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. vi, pp. 655-6)

The Church maintains that "the titles of our Gospels were not intended to indicate authorship", adding that "the headings ... were affixed to them" (Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. i, p. 117, vol. vi, pp. 655, 656). Therefore they are not Gospels written "according to Matthew, Mark, Luke or John", as publicly stated. The full force of this confession reveals that there are no genuine apostolic Gospels, and that the Church's shadowy writings today embody the very ground and pillar of Christian foundations and faith. The consequences are fatal to the pretence of Divine origin of the entire New Testament and expose Christian texts as having no special authority. For centuries, fabricated Gospels bore Church certification of authenticity now confessed to be false, and this provides evidence that Christian writings are wholly fallacious.

After years of dedicated New Testament research, Dr Tischendorf expressed dismay at the differences between the oldest and newest Gospels, and had trouble understanding...

"...how scribes could allow themselves to bring in here and there changes which were not simply verbal ones, but such as materially affected the very meaning and, what is worse still, did not shrink from cutting out a passage or inserting one." (Alterations to the Sinai Bible, Dr Constantin von Tischendorf, 1863, available in the British Library, London)

After years of validating the fabricated nature of the New Testament, a disillusioned Dr Tischendorf confessed that modern-day editions have "been altered in many places" and are "not to be accepted as true" (When Were Our Gospels Written?, Dr Constantin von Tischendorf, 1865, British Library, London).

Just what is Christianity?

The important question then to ask is this: if the New Testament is not historical, what is it?

Dr Tischendorf provided part of the answer when he said in his 15,000 pages of critical notes on the Sinai Bible that "it seems that the personage of Jesus Christ was made narrator for many religions". This explains how narratives from the ancient Indian epic, the Mahabharata, appear verbatim in the Gospels today (e.g., Matt. 1:25, 2:11, 8:1-4, 9:1-8, 9:18-26), and why passages from the Phenomena of the Greek statesman Aratus of Sicyon (271-213 BC) are in the New Testament.

Extracts from the Hymn to Zeus, written by Greek philosopher Cleanthes (c. 331-232 BC), are also found in the Gospels, as are 207 words from the Thais of Menander (c. 343-291), one of the "seven wise men" of Greece. Quotes from the semi-legendary Greek poet Epimenides (7th or 6th century BC) are applied to the lips of Jesus Christ, and seven passages from the curious Ode of Jupiter (c. 150 BC; author unknown) are reprinted in the New Testament.

Tischendorf's conclusion also supports Professor Bordeaux's Vatican findings that reveal the allegory of Jesus Christ derived from the fable of Mithra, the divine son of God (Ahura Mazda) and messiah of the first kings of the Persian Empire around 400 BC. His birth in a grotto was attended by magi who followed a star from the East. They brought "gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh" (as in Matt. 2:11) and the newborn baby was adored by shepherds. He came into the world wearing the Mithraic cap, which popes imitated in various designs until well into the 15th century.

Mithra, one of a trinity, stood on a rock, the emblem of the foundation of his religion, and was anointed with honey. After a last supper with Helios and 11 other companions, Mithra was crucified on a cross, bound in linen, placed in a rock tomb and rose on the third day or around 25 March (the full moon at the spring equinox, a time now called Easter after the Babylonian goddess Ishtar). The fiery destruction of the universe was a major doctrine of Mithraism-a time in which Mithra promised to return in person to Earth and save deserving souls. Devotees of Mithra partook in a sacred communion banquet of bread and wine, a ceremony that paralleled the Christian Eucharist and preceded it by more than four centuries.

Christianity is an adaptation of Mithraism welded with the Druidic principles of the Culdees, some Egyptian elements (the pre-Christian Book of Revelation was originally called The Mysteries of Osiris and Isis), Greek philosophy and various aspects of Hinduism.

Why there are no records of Jesus Christ

It is not possible to find in any legitimate religious or historical writings compiled between the beginning of the first century and well into the fourth century any reference to Jesus Christ and the spectacular events that the Church says accompanied his life. This confirmation comes from Frederic Farrar (1831-1903) of Trinity College, Cambridge:

"It is amazing that history has not embalmed for us even one certain or definite saying or circumstance in the life of the Saviour of mankind ... there is no statement in all history that says anyone saw Jesus or talked with him. Nothing in history is more astonishing than the silence of contemporary writers about events relayed in the four Gospels." (The Life of Christ, Frederic W. Farrar, Cassell, London, 1874)

This situation arises from a conflict between history and New Testament narratives. Dr Tischendorf made this comment:

"We must frankly admit that we have no source of information with respect to the life of Jesus Christ other than ecclesiastic writings assembled during the fourth century." (Codex Sinaiticus, Dr Constantin von Tischendorf, British Library, London)

There is an explanation for those hundreds of years of silence: the construct of Christianity did not begin until after the first quarter of the fourth century, and that is why Pope Leo X (d. 1521) called Christ a "fable" (Cardinal Bembo: His Letters..., op. cit.).

About the Author:

Tony Bushby, an Australian, became a businessman and entrepreneur early in his adult life. He established a magazine-publishing business and spent 20 years researching, writing and publishing his own magazines, primarily for the Australian and New Zealand markets.

With strong spiritual beliefs and an interest in metaphysical subjects, Tony has developed long relationships with many associations and societies throughout the world that have assisted his research by making their archives available. He is the author of The Bible Fraud (2001; reviewed in NEXUS 8/06 with extracts in NEXUS 9/01—03), The Secret in the Bible (2003; reviewed in 11/02, with extract, "Ancient Cities under the Sands of Giza", in 11/03) and The Crucifixion of Truth (2005; reviewed in 12/02) and The Twin Deception (2007; reviewed 14/03). Copies of these books are available from the NEXUS website and the Joshua Books website http://www.joshuabooks.com.

As Tony Bushby vigorously protects his privacy, any correspondence should be sent to him care of NEXUS Magazine, PO Box 30, Mapleton Qld 4560, Australia, fax +61 (0) 7 5442 9381.

http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/NewTestament.html

*****

CONCERNING IDENTIFICATION OF THE TRIBES OF ISRAEL:

“Since thou wast precious in my sight, thou hast been honourable, and I have loved thee:

therefore will I give men for thee, and people for thy life. Fear not: for I am with thee:

I will bring thy seed from the east, and gather thee from the west; I will say to the north,

Give up; and to the south, Keep not back: bring my sons from far, and my daughters

from the ends of the earth; Even every one that is called by my name:

for I have created him for my glory, I have formed him; yea, I have made him.”

Isaiah 43:4 - 7

Many Israelites profess to be from one Israelite Tribe or another. I personally feel like I am from the Tribe of Judah, but none of us can be 100 positive of our lineage until we meet with Our GOD of Israel in the Wilderness, possibly when Elijah, the Prophet, returns (Malachi 4:5). Recently I saw a chart whereby, someone had assigned all twelve Israelite Tribal names only to groups in the Western Hemisphere. This person had completely left out the Blacks in Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and the Far East. I had to remind the Brother who posted this information that the GOD of Israel had cast the Israelites into the “Four Corners of the Earth”. The following passages should prove this Truth:

"And the king of Assyria did carry away Israel unto Assyria, and put them in Halah and in Habor by the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes:"  II Kings 18:11

"Have ye offered unto me sacrifices and offerings in the wilderness forty years, O house of Israel? But ye have borne the tabernacle of your Moloch and Chiun your images, the star of your god, which ye made to yourselves. Therefore will I cause you to go into captivity beyond Damascus, saith the LORD, whose name is The God of hosts."   Amos 5:25 - 27

JUDAHITES FLED INTO EGYPT MANY TIMES DUE TO FAMINE AND WARS IN THE LAND OF ISRAEL.

"That walk to go down into Egypt, and have not asked at my mouth; to strengthen themselves in the strength of Pharaoh, and to trust in the shadow of Egypt!"   Isaiah 30:2

"Then took Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the captains of the forces that were with him, all the remnant of the people whom he had recovered from Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, from Mizpah, after that he had slain Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, even mighty men of war, and the women, and the children, and the eunuchs, whom he had brought again from Gibeon: And they departed, and dwelt in the habitation of Chimham, which is by Beth-lehem, to go to enter into Egypt."   Jeremiah 41:16,17

"Be not afraid of the king of Babylon, of whom ye are afraid; be not afraid of him, saith the LORD: for I am with you to save you, and to deliver you from his hand. And I will shew mercies unto you, that he may have mercy upon you, and cause you to return to your own land. But if ye say, We will not dwell in this land, neither obey the voice of the LORD your God, Saying, No; but we will go into the land of Egypt, where we shall see no war, nor hear the sound of the trumpet, nor have hunger of bread; and there will we dwell: And now therefore hear the word of the LORD, ye remnant of Judah; Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; If ye wholly set your faces to enter into Egypt, and go to sojourn there; Then it shall come to pass, that the sword, which ye feared, shall overtake you there in the land of Egypt, and the famine, whereof ye were afraid, shall follow close after you there in Egypt; and there ye shall die."   Jeremiah 42:11 - 16

There are many, many instances where Judah fled into Egypt and for several reasons.  Many went into Egypt and kept right on going because of the warring there that they encountered.  How do we know?  This is how remnants of Judah and remnants of the other Tribes got as far a Nigeria, Ghana, and other countries.  Also, keep in mind that Judah was in Babylonian captivity for 70 years.  Many Judahites were doing so well that they decided to stay.  Hence, you have some of the Tribe of Judah in the Middle East, as well.

"And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea. And he shall set up an ensign for the nations, and shall assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth."   Isaiah 11:11,12

I urge Israelites to read the Hebrew Scriptures before giving an opinion about GOD's Book of the Law, HIS WORD to HIS Prophets, or the whereabouts of the Twelve Tribes of Israel.  One thing we all do accept is that we were scattered into the Four Corners of the Earth, and no matter who we are, Our GOD of Israel will make it known to each of us exactly from which Tribe we are descended. 

A good book to read on the topic:  Hebrewisms of West Africa by Joseph J. Williams, S.J.

(Williams can place Israelites in "Africa".)

http://www.thelawkeepers.org

JACOB’s BLESSINGS UPON HIS SONS, THE TWELVE TRIBES OF ISRAEL, HAVE NO BEARING ON DETERMINING THE IDENTITY OF THE TRIBES:

And Jacob called unto his sons, and said, Gather yourselves together, that I may tell you that which shall befall you in the last days.

Gather yourselves together, and hear, ye sons of Jacob; and hearken unto Israel your father.

Reuben, thou art my firstborn, my might, and the beginning of my strength, the excellency of dignity, and the excellency of power:

Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel; because thou wentest up to thy father's bed; then defiledst thou it: he went up to my couch.

Simeon and Levi are brethren; instruments of cruelty are in their habitations.

O my soul, come not thou into their secret; unto their assembly, mine honour, be not thou united: for in their anger they slew a man, and in their selfwill they digged down a wall.

Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath, for it was cruel: I will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel.

Judah, thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise: thy hand shall be in the neck of thine enemies; thy father's children shall bow down before thee.

Judah is a lion's whelp: from the prey, my son, thou art gone up: he stooped down, he couched as a lion, and as an old lion; who shall rouse him up?

The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be.

Binding his foal unto the vine, and his ass's colt unto the choice vine; he washed his garments in wine, and his clothes in the blood of grapes:

His eyes shall be red with wine, and his teeth white with milk.

Zebulun shall dwell at the haven of the sea; and he shall be for an haven of ships; and his border shall be unto Zidon.

Issachar is a strong ass couching down between two burdens:

And he saw that rest was good, and the land that it was pleasant; and bowed his shoulder to bear, and became a servant unto tribute.

Dan shall judge his people, as one of the tribes of Israel.

Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that biteth the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall backward.

I have waited for thy salvation, O LORD.

Gad, a troop shall overcome him: but he shall overcome at the last.

Out of Asher his bread shall be fat, and he shall yield royal dainties.

Naphtali is a hind let loose: he giveth goodly words.

Joseph is a fruitful bough, even a fruitful bough by a well; whose branches run over the wall:

The archers have sorely grieved him, and shot at him, and hated him:

But his bow abode in strength, and the arms of his hands were made strong by the hands of the mighty God of Jacob; (from thence is the shepherd, the stone of Israel:)

Even by the God of thy father, who shall help thee; and by the Almighty, who shall bless thee with blessings of heaven above, blessings of the deep that lieth under, blessings of the breasts, and of the womb:

The blessings of thy father have prevailed above the blessings of my progenitors unto the utmost bound of the everlasting hills: they shall be on the head of Joseph, and on the crown of the head of him that was separate from his brethren.

Benjamin shall ravin as a wolf: in the morning he shall devour the prey, and at night he shall divide the spoil.

All these are the twelve tribes of Israel: and this is it that their father spake unto them, and blessed them; every one according to his blessing he blessed them.” Genesis 49:1 – 28

NOR DO MOSES’ BLESSINGS UPON THE TWELVE TRIBES OF ISRAEL HAVE ANY BEARING ON DETERMINING THE IDENTITY OF THE TRIBES:

“And this is the blessing, wherewith Moses the man of God blessed the children of Israel before his death.

And he said, The LORD came from Sinai, and rose up from Seir unto them; he shined forth from mount Paran, and he came with ten thousands of saints: from his right hand went a fiery law for them.

Yea, he loved the people; all his saints are in thy hand: and they sat down at thy feet; every one shall receive of thy words.

Moses commanded us a law, even the inheritance of the congregation of Jacob.

And he was king in Jeshurun, when the heads of the people and the tribes of Israel were gathered together.

Let Reuben live, and not die; and let not his men be few.

And this is the blessing of Judah: and he said, Hear, LORD, the voice of Judah, and bring him unto his people: let his hands be sufficient for him; and be thou an help to him from his enemies.

And of Levi he said, Let thy Thummim and thy Urim be with thy holy one, whom thou didst prove at Massah, and with whom thou didst strive at the waters of Meribah;

Who said unto his father and to his mother, I have not seen him; neither did he acknowledge his brethren, nor knew his own children: for they have observed thy word, and kept thy covenant.

They shall teach Jacob thy judgments, and Israel thy law: they shall put incense before thee, and whole burnt sacrifice upon thine altar.

Bless, LORD, his substance, and accept the work of his hands: smite through the loins of them that rise against him, and of them that hate him, that they rise not again.

And of Benjamin he said, The beloved of the LORD shall dwell in safety by him; and the LORD shall cover him all the day long, and he shall dwell between his shoulders.

And of Joseph he said, Blessed of the LORD be his land, for the precious things of heaven, for the dew, and for the deep that coucheth beneath,

And for the precious fruits brought forth by the sun, and for the precious things put forth by the moon,

And for the chief things of the ancient mountains, and for the precious things of the lasting hills,

And for the precious things of the earth and fulness thereof, and for the good will of him that dwelt in the bush: let the blessing come upon the head of Joseph, and upon the top of the head of him that was separated from his brethren.

His glory is like the firstling of his bullock, and his horns are like the horns of unicorns: with them he shall push the people together to the ends of the earth: and they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, and they are the thousands of Manasseh.

And of Zebulun he said, Rejoice, Zebulun, in thy going out; and, Issachar, in thy tents.

They shall call the people unto the mountain; there they shall offer sacrifices of righteousness: for they shall suck of the abundance of the seas, and of treasures hid in the sand.

And of Gad he said, Blessed be he that enlargeth Gad; he dwelleth as a lion, and teareth the arm with the crown of the head.

And he provided the first part for himself, because there, in a portion of the lawgiver, was he seated; and he came with the heads of the people, he executed the justice of the LORD, and his judgments with Israel.

And of Dan he said, Dan is a lion's whelp: he shall leap from Bashan.

And of Naphtali he said, O Naphtali, satisfied with favour, and full with the blessing of the LORD: possess thou the west and the south.

And of Asher he said, Let Asher be blessed with children; let him be acceptable to his brethren, and let him dip his foot in oil.

Thy shoes shall be iron and brass; and as thy days, so shall thy strength be.

There is none like unto the God of Jeshurun, who rideth upon the heaven in thy help, and in his excellency on the sky.

The eternal God is thy refuge, and underneath are the everlasting arms: and he shall thrust out the enemy from before thee; and shall say, Destroy them.

Israel then shall dwell in safety alone: the fountain of Jacob shall be upon a land of corn and wine; also his heavens shall drop down dew.

Happy art thou, O Israel: who is like unto thee, O people saved by the LORD, the shield of thy help, and who is the sword of thy excellency! and thine enemies shall be found liars unto thee; and thou shalt tread upon their high places.” Deuteronomy 33^rd Chapter

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The Sorry Legacy of the Founders

By Ulrich Boser

Posted 1/4/04

In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw--having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.

That's a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the role slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works by Gore Vidal, Henry Wiencek, and Garry Wills reveal the moral compromises made by the nation's early leaders and the fragile nature of the country's infancy. More significant, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong--and yet most did little to fight it.

More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery (Jefferson once called it an "execrable commerce"), they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.

Political capital. For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of